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Jacques MR, Kuhn BT, Albertson TE. Update on the pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1903-1922. [PMID: 39344061 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2409322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common syndrome associated with smoking and environmental exposures coupled with genetic susceptibility. Recent major advancements in the treatment of COPD patients have become available. AREAS COVERED New data on the role of classic bronchodilators, including short-acting and long-acting beta2-agonists and anti-muscarinic antagonists, in the treatment of COPD patients are discussed. Data promoting a more targeted approach to inhaled and systemic corticosteroid use in COPD are reviewed. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, including the recently approved PDE 3/4 inhibitor inhaled ensifentrine, are noted. Selective use of antibiotics can play a role in complex COPD patients. COPD patients with evidence of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome and type-two lymphocytic inflammatory-mediated airway constriction appear to respond to biologics, particularly the anti-IL-4/IL-3 antagonist monoclonal antibody, dupilumab. EXPERT OPINION New therapeutic options have made the approach and treatment of the COPD patient much more complicated. These options tend to be very expensive. Attention to identifying the endotype and phenotype will help direct the pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R Jacques
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brooks T Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Northern California, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Timothy E Albertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Northern California, Mather, CA, USA
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2
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Faruqi MA, Khan MMKS, Mannino DM. Perspectives on Ensifentrine and Its Therapeutic Potential in the Treatment of COPD: Evidence to Date. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:11-16. [PMID: 38188891 PMCID: PMC10771716 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s385811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensifentrine is a novel inhalational phosphodiesterase (PDE)3 and PDE4 inhibitor which improves bronchodilation and decreases inflammatory markers by acting locally on the bronchial tissue, with minimal systemic effects. Both preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated benefits of this therapy, including improvement in lung function and reduction in exacerbations. This therapy is currently under review by the US Food and Drug Administration with a decision expected in 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David M Mannino
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- COPD Foundation, Miami, FL, USA
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3
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Regard L, Roche N, Burgel PR. The Ongoing Quest for Predictive Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:511-513. [PMID: 37478331 PMCID: PMC10492241 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-0957ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Regard
- Université Paris Cité Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin Paris, France and Department of Respiratory Medicine Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Roche
- Université Paris Cité Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin Paris, France and Department of Respiratory Medicine Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université Paris Cité Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin Paris, France and Department of Respiratory Medicine Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Paris, France
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4
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Donohue JF, Rheault T, MacDonald-Berko M, Bengtsson T, Rickard K. Ensifentrine as a Novel, Inhaled Treatment for Patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1611-1622. [PMID: 37533771 PMCID: PMC10392818 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s413436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensifentrine is a novel, potent, and selective dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE)3 and PDE4 designed for delivery by inhalation that combines effects on airway inflammation, bronchodilation and ciliary function in bronchial epithelia. In Phase 2 studies in subjects with COPD, ensifentrine demonstrated clinically meaningful bronchodilation and improvements in symptoms and health-related quality of life when administered alone or in combination with current standard of care therapies. Ensifentrine is currently in late-stage clinical development for the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD. This review summarizes non-clinical data as well as Phase 1 and Phase 2 efficacy and safety results of nebulized ensifentrine relevant to the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Donohue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Pleasants RA, Donohue JF. Current Perspectives of Pharmacotherapies for COPD. Respir Care 2023; 68:927-938. [PMID: 37353337 PMCID: PMC10289617 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapies and avoidance of environmental/inhaled toxins are core to managing COPD. Compared to the drugs available 50 years ago, there has been substantial progress with COPD pharmacotherapies, but gaps in adherence and inhaler use persist. Personalizing inhaled pharmacotherapies is now possible with digital technologies by objectively documenting adherence and guiding inhaler technique. Another means to improve existing pharmacotherapies is through phenotyping and biomarkers. This is especially important considering the heterogeneity of the disease COPD. Blood eosinophils are now a recommended biomarker to guide use of inhaled corticosteroids and biologics in COPD. On the near horizon, we will see new inhaled medications as dual phosphodiesterase inhibitors, drugs to treat basic protein abnormalities as in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency that could have remarkable benefits, and biologic drugs targeting specific cell/mediator types in the COPD population. Characterization of COPD phenotypes, as asthma/COPD overlap and comorbid heart disease are vital to understand how to optimize pharmacotherapies. Importantly, we must determine how to optimize current medications; otherwise, we will repeat the same mistakes with new medications. But as we know so well, as we peel one layer of complexity, we encounter many more questions, all the while dedicated to limiting the burden of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Pleasants
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - James F Donohue
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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6
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Stolfa I, Page C. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and lung diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:55-81. [PMID: 37524492 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDE) have long been known as regulators of cAMP and cGMP, second messengers involved in various signaling pathways and expressed in a variety of cell types implicated in respiratory diseases such as airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells making them a key target for the treatment of lung diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The first reported PDE inhibitor was the xanthine, theophylline, described as a non-specific PDE inhibitor and whilst this drug is effective, it also has a range of unwanted side effects. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic window of xanthines, a number of selective PDE inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of respiratory diseases with only the selective PDE 4 inhibitor, roflumilast, being approved for the treatment of severe COPD. However, roflumilast also has a very narrow therapeutic window due to a number of important doses limiting side effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. However, there continues to be research carried out in this field to identify improved selective PDE inhibitors, both by targeting other PDE subtypes (e.g., PDE 7 found in a number of inflammatory and immune cells) and through development of selective PDE inhibitors for pulmonary administration to reduce systemic exposure and improve the side effect profile. This approach has been exemplified by the development of ensifentrine, a dual PDE 3-PDE 4 inhibitor, an inhaled drug that has recently completed two successful Phase III clinical trials in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stolfa
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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7
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Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Pociecha K, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Zadrożna M, Nowak B, Plutecka H, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Pękala E, Gosens R, Wyska E. Inhaled pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitors ameliorate ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110264. [PMID: 37159965 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors represent one of the intensively studied groups of potential anti-asthmatic agents due to their affecting both airway inflammation and remodeling. However, the effect of inhaled pan-PDE inhibitors on allergen induced asthma has not been reported to date. In this study we investigated the impact of two, representative strong pan-PDE inhibitors from the group of 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione: compound 38 and 145, on airway inflammation and remodeling in murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma. Female Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, 38 and 145 were administrated by inhalation, before each OVA challenge. The inhaled pan-PDE inhibitors markedly reduced the OVA-induced airway inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil recruitment, Th2 cytokine level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as both, total and OVA-specific IgE levels in plasma. In addition, inhaled 38 and 145 decreased many typical features of airway remodeling, including goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, collagen overproduction and deposition, as well as Tgfb1, VEGF, and α-SMA expression in airways of allergen challenged mice. We also demonstrated that both 38 and 145 alleviate airway inflammation and remodelling by inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway activated in OVA-challenged mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the investigated pan-PDE inhibitors administered by inhalation are dual acting agents targeting both airway inflammation and remodeling in OVA-challenged allergic asthma and may represent promising, anti-asthmatic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Cytobiology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Cytobiology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Plutecka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Skawińska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przejczowska-Pomierny
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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8
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Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Szafarz M, Pociecha K, Słoczyńska K, Piska K, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Kocot N, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Pękala E, Wyska E. In silico and in vitro ADME-Tox analysis and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of representative pan-PDE inhibitors from the group of 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116318. [PMID: 36414119 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors represent a wide class of chemically different compounds that have been extensively studied in recent years. Their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects are particularly desirable in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to diversified expression of individual PDEs within cells and/or tissues as well as PDE signaling compartmentalization, pan-PDE inhibitors (compounds capable of simultaneously blocking various PDE subtypes) are of particular interest. Recently, a large group of 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione (theophylline) was designed and synthesized. These compounds were characterized as potent pan-PDE inhibitors and their prominent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity in vitro has been proved. Herein, we investigated a general in vitro safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics of two leading compounds from this group: a representative compound with N'-benzylidenebutanehydrazide moiety (38) and a representative derivative containing N-phenylbutanamide fragment (145). Both tested pan-PDE inhibitors revealed no cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic activity in vitro, showed moderate metabolic stability in mouse and human liver microsomes, as well as fell into the low or medium permeation category. Additionally, 38 and 145 revealed a lack of interaction with adenosine receptors, including A1, A2A, and A2B. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that both tested 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione were effectively absorbed from the peritoneal cavity. Simultaneously, they were extensively distributed to mouse lungs and after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings provide evidence that investigated compounds represent a new drug candidates with a favorable in vitro safety profile and satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties after a single i.p. administration. As the next step, further pharmacokinetic studies after multiple i.p. and p.o. doses will be conducted to ensure effective 38 and 145 serum and lung concentrations for a longer period of time. In summary, 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione represent a promising compounds worth testing in animal models of chronic respiratory diseases, the etiology of which involves various PDE subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Kocot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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9
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Guo P, Li R, Piao TH, Wang CL, Wu XL, Cai HY. Pathological Mechanism and Targeted Drugs of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1565-1575. [PMID: 35855746 PMCID: PMC9288175 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s366126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and small airway obstruction. Incompletely reversible airflow limitation, inflammation, excessive mucus secretion and bronchial mucosal epithelial lesions are the main pathological basis of the disease. The prevalence of COPD is increasingly worldwide, which has caused the burden on individuals and society. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of COPD and clarifies the effect and mechanism of the latest targeted drugs for COPD. Besides, we focus on NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3 inflammasome). NLRP3 can promote production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). NLRP3 is an important factor in the migratory aggregation of macrophages and neutrophils and the generation of oxidative stress. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome indirectly blocks the inflammatory effects of IL-1β and IL-18, which may be regarded as an ideal target for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Hua Piao
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Lan Wang
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lu Wu
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yan Cai
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ancel J, Guecamburu M, Marques Da Silva V, Schilfarth P, Boyer L, Pilette C, Martin C, Devillier P, Berger P, Zysman M, Le Rouzic O, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Degano B, Burgel PR, Ahmed E, Roche N, Deslee G. [Take-home messages from the COPD 2021 biennial of the French Society of Respiratory Diseases. Understanding to so as to better innovate]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:427-441. [PMID: 35568574 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first COPD biennial organized by the French Society of Respiratory Diseases (SPLF) took place on 17 December 2021. STATE OF THE ART The objective of the biennial was to discuss current knowledge regarding COPD pathophysiology, current treatments, research development, and future therapeutic approaches. PERSPECTIVES The different lecturers laid emphasis on the complexity of pathophysiologic mechanisms including bronchial, bronchiolar and parenchymal alterations, and also dwelt on the role of microbiota composition in COPD pathenogenesis. They pointed out that addition to inhaled treatments, ventilatory support and endoscopic approaches have been increasingly optimized. The development of new therapeutic pathways such as biotherapy and cell therapy (stem cells…) call for further exploration. CONCLUSIONS The dynamism of COPD research was repeatedly underlined, and needs to be further reinforced, the objective being to "understand so as to better innovate" so as to develop effective new strategies for treatment and management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ancel
- Inserm UMRS-1250, service de pneumologie, université Reims Champagne Ardenne, hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - M Guecamburu
- Service des maladies respiratoires, hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - V Marques Da Silva
- Inserm U955, FHU SENEC, université Paris-Est Créteil, institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, équipe GEIC2O, Créteil, France
| | - P Schilfarth
- Service des maladies respiratoires, hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1045, centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - L Boyer
- Département de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles, université Paris-Est, hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, UMR S955, FHU SENEC, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - C Pilette
- Département de pneumologie, université catholique de Louvain, cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc et institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - C Martin
- Inserm U1016, service de pneumologie, AP-HP Paris, hôpital Cochin et institut Cochin, université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - P Devillier
- Département des maladies respiratoires, unité de recherche en pharmacologie respiratoire, VIM Suresnes (UMR 0892, université Paris-Saclay), hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - P Berger
- Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, département de pharmacologie, centre de recherche cardiothoracique, U1045, CIC 1401, Pessac, France
| | - M Zysman
- Service des maladies respiratoires, hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1045, centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - O Le Rouzic
- Inserm, CIIL Center for infection and immunity of Lille, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, pneumologie et immuno-allergologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017, Lille, France
| | - J Gonzalez-Bermejo
- Inserm, UMRS115 neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, service de pneumologie, médecine intensive et réanimation (département R3S), Sorbonne université, groupe hospitalier universitaire AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - B Degano
- Inserm 1042, service de pneumologie physiologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - P-R Burgel
- Inserm U1016, service de pneumologie, AP-HP Paris, hôpital Cochin et institut Cochin, université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - E Ahmed
- Département des maladies respiratoires, IRMB, université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Roche
- Inserm U1016, service de pneumologie, AP-HP Paris, hôpital Cochin et institut Cochin, université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - G Deslee
- Inserm UMRS-1250, service de pneumologie, université Reims Champagne Ardenne, hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France.
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Abstract
Transition metal catalysts play a vital role in a wide range of industrial organic processes. The large-scale production of chemicals relying on catalyzed organic reactions represents a sustainable approach to supply society with end products for many daily life applications. Homogeneous (mainly for academic uses) and heterogeneous (crucial in industrial processes) metal-based catalysts have been developed for a plethora of organic reactions. The search for more sustainable strategies has led to the development of a countless number of metal-supported catalysts, nanosystems, and electrochemical and photochemical catalysts. In this work, although a vast number of transition metals can be used in this context, special attention is devoted to Ir- and Pd-based catalysts in the industrial manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs. Pd is by far the most widely used and versatile catalyst not only in academia but also in industry. Moreover, Ir-based complexes have emerged as attractive catalysts, particularly in asymmetric hydrogenation reactions. Ir- and Pd-based asymmetric reductions, aminations, cross-coupling reactions, and C–H activation are covered herein in the production of biologically active compounds or precursors; adaptation to bulk conditions is particularly highlighted.
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12
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Cyclic Nucleotide (cNMP) Analogues: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312879. [PMID: 34884683 PMCID: PMC8657615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides are important second messengers involved in cellular events, and analogues of this type of molecules are promising drug candidates. Some cyclic nucleotide analogues have become standard tools for the investigation of biochemical and physiological signal transduction pathways, such as the Rp-diastereomers of adenosine and guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, which are competitive inhibitors of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Next generation analogues exhibit a higher membrane permeability, increased resistance against degradation, and improved target specificity, or are caged or photoactivatable for fast and/or targeted cellular imaging. Novel specific nucleotide analogues activating or inhibiting cyclic nucleotide-dependent ion channels, EPAC/GEF proteins, and bacterial target molecules have been developed, opening new avenues for basic and applied research. This review provides an overview of the current state of the field, what can be expected in the future and some practical considerations for the use of cyclic nucleotide analogues in biological systems.
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Carrasco-Hernández L, Quintana-Gallego E, Calero C, Reinoso-Arija R, Ruiz-Duque B, López-Campos JL. Dysfunction in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Potential Target for Personalised Medicine. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1437. [PMID: 34680554 PMCID: PMC8533244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous pathways were explored in the pathogenesis of COPD in the quest for new potential therapeutic targets for more personalised medical care. In this context, the study of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) began to gain importance, especially since the advent of the new CFTR modulators which had the potential to correct this protein's dysfunction in COPD. The CFTR is an ion transporter that regulates the hydration and viscosity of mucous secretions in the airway. Therefore, its abnormal function favours the accumulation of thicker and more viscous secretions, reduces the periciliary layer and mucociliary clearance, and produces inflammation in the airway, as a consequence of a bronchial infection by both bacteria and viruses. Identifying CFTR dysfunction in the context of COPD pathogenesis is key to fully understanding its role in the complex pathophysiology of COPD and the potential of the different therapeutic approaches proposed to overcome this dysfunction. In particular, the potential of the rehydration of mucus and the role of antioxidants and phosphodiesterase inhibitors should be discussed. Additionally, the modulatory drugs which enhance or restore decreased levels of the protein CFTR were recently described. In particular, two CFTR potentiators, ivacaftor and icenticaftor, were explored in COPD. The present review updated the pathophysiology of the complex role of CFTR in COPD and the therapeutic options which could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrasco-Hernández
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Quintana-Gallego
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Calero
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Reinoso-Arija
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
| | - Borja Ruiz-Duque
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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