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Shibata Y, Kawayama T, Muro S, Sugiura H. Management goals and stable phase management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Japanese respiratory society guideline for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 (6th edition). Respir Investig 2023; 61:773-780. [PMID: 37741092 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction on spirometry and symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion and chronic cough with sputum production, thus making it a significant healthcare issue worldwide. Japanese patients with COPD have unique characteristics compared to patients in Western countries, including older age and lower exacerbation frequency. The Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) published the 6th edition of the COPD guideline in June 2022. This article introduces the management goals of COPD and describes its management during the stable phase, as outlined in the guideline. Management goals include improving the current status, such as the symptoms, quality of life (QOL), exercise tolerance, and physical activity, and reducing future risks through prevention of exacerbation and suppression of disease progression to prevent shortening of healthy life expectancy. Management plans should include avoidance of causative substances, assessment of disease severity, and personalized treatment plans. Pharmacotherapy using inhalation bronchodilators is a key component of the treatment of stable COPD. Bronchodilators, including short- and long-acting dilators, are commonly used to relieve symptoms and improve QOL. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, especially in patients with asthma and COPD overlap, or those experiencing frequent exacerbation of eosinophilia. Combination therapy with a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), a long-acting beta 2 agonist (LABA), and ICS is expected to improve QOL and respiratory function and reduce mortality and exacerbation compared to the LAMA + LABA combination. Non-pharmacological therapies, including smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation, should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shibata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Kawayama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Minakata Y, Azuma Y, Sasaki S, Murakami Y. Objective Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Points to Keep in Mind during Evaluations. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093254. [PMID: 37176694 PMCID: PMC10179547 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective measurement methods using accelerometers have become the mainstream approach for evaluating physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). However, several problems face the objective evaluation of PA and SB in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For example, indicators of PA differ depending on whether the accelerometer detects the kind of activity on the one hand, or its intensity on the other. Measured data are also strongly influenced by environmental factors (weather, season, employment status, etc.) and methodological factors (days with uncommon activities, non-wearing time, minimum required wearing time per day, minimum number of valid days required, etc.). Therefore, adjusting for these factors is required when evaluating PA or SB, especially when evaluating the effects of intervention. The exclusion of sleeping time, unification of total measurement time, and minimization of the required wearing time per day might be more important for the evaluation of ST than for evaluating PA. The lying-down-time-to-sitting-time ratio was shown to be larger in COPD patients than in healthy subjects. In this review, we clarified the problems encountered during objective evaluations of PA and SB in patients with COPD and encouraged investigators to recognize the presence of these problems and the importance of adjusting for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Minakata
- National Hospital Organization Wakayama Hospital, 1138 Wada, Mihama-Cho, Hidaka-gun, Wakayama 644-0044, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Azuma
- National Hospital Organization Wakayama Hospital, 1138 Wada, Mihama-Cho, Hidaka-gun, Wakayama 644-0044, Japan
| | - Seigo Sasaki
- National Hospital Organization Wakayama Hospital, 1138 Wada, Mihama-Cho, Hidaka-gun, Wakayama 644-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- National Hospital Organization Wakayama Hospital, 1138 Wada, Mihama-Cho, Hidaka-gun, Wakayama 644-0044, Japan
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Murata Y, Hirano T, Doi K, Fukatsu-Chikumoto A, Hamada K, Oishi K, Kakugawa T, Yano M, Matsunaga K. Computed Tomography Lung Density Analysis: An Imaging Biomarker Predicting Physical Inactivity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082959. [PMID: 37109296 PMCID: PMC10146330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity correlates with poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is suggested to be related to lung hyperinflation. We examined the association between physical activity and the expiratory to inspiratory (E/I) ratio of mean lung density (MLD), the imaging biomarker of resting lung hyperinflation. COPD patients (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 12) underwent assessment of pulmonary function and physical activity with an accelerometer, as well as computed tomography at full inspiration and expiration. E/IMLD was calculated by measuring inspiratory and expiratory MLD. Exercise (EX) was defined as metabolic equivalents × duration (hours). COPD patients had higher E/IMLD (0.975 vs. 0.964) than healthy subjects. When dividing COPD patients into sedentary (EX < 1.5) and non-sedentary (EX ≥ 1.5) groups, E/IMLD in the sedentary group was statistically higher than that in the non-sedentary group (0.983 vs. 0.972). E/IMLD > 0.980 was a good predictor of sedentary behavior in COPD (sensitivity, 0.815; specificity, 0.714). Multivariate analysis showed that E/IMLD was associated with sedentary behavior (odds ratio, 0.39; p = 0.04), independent of age, symptomology, airflow obstruction, and pulmonary diffusion. In conclusion, higher E/IMLD scores are associated with sedentary behavior and can be a useful imaging biomarker for the early detection of physical inactivity in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriyuki Murata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Keiko Doi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fukatsu-Chikumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Oishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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Clinical Impacts of Interventions for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041631. [PMID: 36836165 PMCID: PMC9963889 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, physical activity has increasingly become the focus in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) because it is a strong predictor of COPD-related mortality. In addition, sedentary behavior, which is included as a category of physical inactivity including such behaviors as sitting or lying down, has an independent clinical impact on COPD patients. The present review examines clinical data related to physical activity, focusing on the definition, associated factors, beneficial effects, and biological mechanisms in patients with COPD and with respect to human health regardless of COPD. The data related to how sedentary behavior is associated with human health and COPD outcomes are also examined. Lastly, possible interventions to improve physical activity or sedentary behavior, such as bronchodilators and pulmonary rehabilitation with behavior modification, to ameliorate the pathophysiology of COPD patients are described. A better understanding of the clinical impact of physical activity or sedentary behavior may lead to the planning of a future intervention study to establish high-level evidence.
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Miravitlles M, Kawayama T, Dreher M. LABA/LAMA as First-Line Therapy for COPD: A Summary of the Evidence and Guideline Recommendations. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226623. [PMID: 36431099 PMCID: PMC9692772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled bronchodilators (alone or in combination) are the cornerstone of treatment for symptomatic patients with COPD, either as initial/first-line treatment or for second-line/treatment escalation in patients who experience persistent symptoms or exacerbations on monotherapy. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2022 report recommends initial pharmacological treatment with a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) or a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) as monotherapy for most patients, or dual bronchodilator therapy (LABA/LAMA) in patients with more severe symptoms, regardless of exacerbation history. The recommendations for LABA/LAMA are broader in the American Thoracic Society treatment guidelines, which strongly recommend LABA/LAMA combination therapy over LAMA or LABA monotherapy in patients with COPD and dyspnea or exercise intolerance. However, despite consistent guideline recommendations, real-world prescribing data indicate that LAMA and/or LABA without an inhaled corticosteroid are not the most widely prescribed therapies in COPD. This article reviews global and regional/national guideline recommendations for the use of LABA/LAMA in COPD, examines the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of LABA/LAMA versus other therapies and offers a practical guide for clinicians to help ensure appropriate use of LABA/LAMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d′Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(93)-274-6157
| | - Tomotaka Kawayama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Miravitlles M, García-Rivero JL, Ribera X, Galera J, García A, Palomino R, Pomares X. Exercise capacity and physical activity in COPD patients treated with a LAMA/LABA combination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res 2022; 23:347. [PMID: 36522735 PMCID: PMC9753337 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent airflow limitation and dyspnoea may reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exercise capacity and physical activity, undermining their physical status and quality of life. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting beta-2 agonists (LAMA/LABA) combinations are amongst moderate-to-severe COPD recommended treatments. This article analyses LAMA/LABA combinations effect on COPD patients exercise capacity and physical activity outcomes. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials comparing LAMA/LABA combinations against monotherapy or placebo was conducted. RESULTS Seventeen articles were identified (N = 4041 patients). In endurance shuttle walk test and constant work rate cycle ergometry, LAMA/LABA combinations obtained better results than placebo, but not monotherapy, whereas in 6-min walking test, results favoured LAMA/LABA over monotherapy (four studies), but not over placebo (one study). Moreover, LAMA/LABA combinations obtained better results than placebo in number of steps per day, reduction in percentage of inactive patients and daily activity-related energy expenditure, and better than monotherapy when measuring time spent on ≥ 1.0-1.5, ≥ 2.0 and ≥ 3.0 metabolic equivalents of task activities. CONCLUSIONS LAMA/LABA combinations in COPD patients provided better results than monotherapy or placebo in most exercise capacity and physical activity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronVall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Pg. Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luís García-Rivero
- grid.411325.00000 0001 0627 4262Pneumology Department, President of ACINAR, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Xavier Ribera
- grid.488221.50000 0004 0544 6204Boehringer Ingelheim España S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Pomares
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Pneumology Department, Hospital de Sabadell, Hospital Universitari Parc TaulíInstitut Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
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Sato A, Miyazaki A, Nakamura S. Effectiveness of Tiotropium/Olodaterol in the Real World: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis After the First Year of Use. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4692-4706. [PMID: 35948844 PMCID: PMC9464735 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Real-world evidence is needed to optimize pharmacotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effectiveness of inhaled tiotropium/olodaterol according to baseline symptoms and previous COPD treatment and predictors of response were assessed. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of a 52-week post-marketing surveillance study of tiotropium/olodaterol in 1255 Japanese patients with COPD of all severities. We analyzed change in total COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC]). Patient subgroups were analyzed based on baseline CAT score (< 10 [n = 184], ≥ 10 [n = 507]) and previous COPD treatment (treatment-naive [n = 407], previously treated [n = 848], treatment with long-acting muscarinic antagonist monotherapy [n = 161]). RESULTS In the CAT ≥ 10 subgroup, tiotropium/olodaterol showed statistically significant improvements in mean total CAT score (- 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 7.2, - 5.1), FEV1 (0.109 L; 95% CI 0.059, 0.159) and FVC (0.171 L; 95% CI 0.096, 0.245), which continued through Week 52. CAT score and lung function improvement were greatest in treatment-naive patients: - 7.6 (95% CI - 9.2, - 6.1) mean total CAT score, 0.177 L (95% CI 0.076, 0.279) mean FEV1 and 0.178 L (95% CI 0.036, 0.319) mean FVC. Baseline factors associated with treatment response (total CAT score improvement ≥ 2 points) were: shorter COPD duration (odds ratio [OR] 0.91; 95% CI 0.87, 0.96), total CAT score ≥ 10 (OR 3.86; 95% CI 2.46, 6.06) and treatment-naive status (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.12, 3.07). Baseline total CAT scores ≥ 13 predicted responses to tiotropium/olodaterol in all previous COPD treatment subgroups including treatment-naive patients. CONCLUSIONS Tiotropium/olodaterol improved symptoms and lung function in Japanese COPD patients. Our results support the possible use of tiotropium/olodaterol in treatment-naive patients and those with total CAT scores ≥ 10. TRAIL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier for parent study: NCT02850978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuyasu Sato
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara Shogoin Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Ai Miyazaki
- grid.459839.a0000 0004 4678 1308Medicine Division, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- grid.459839.a0000 0004 4678 1308Medicine Division, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Takahashi K, Tashiro H, Tajiri R, Takamori A, Uchida M, Kato G, Kurihara Y, Sadamatsu H, Kinoshita T, Yoshida M, Kawaguchi A, Kimura S, Sueoka-Aragane N, Kawayama T. Factors Associated with Reduction of Sedentary Time Following Tiotropium/Olodaterol Therapy in Treatment-Naïve Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:3297-3307. [PMID: 34908832 PMCID: PMC8664652 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s338560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged sedentary behavior is associated with worse prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous study found that first-line dual therapy with tiotropium/olodaterol significantly reduces sedentary time compared to tiotropium monotherapy in Japanese patients with treatment-naïve COPD, although the characteristics of responders to dual-therapy versus monotherapy for COPD are still unclear. Methods Patients with treatment-naïve COPD were randomized to receive either tiotropium or tiotropium/olodaterol treatment for 12 weeks. Physical activity was assessed using a triaxle accelerometer for 2 weeks before and after treatment. This analysis focused on the change in sedentary time, indicated by physical activity of 1.0–1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), with stratification for the following factors: age, body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function, COPD assessment test (CAT), the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and physical activity level at study entry. Results Thirty-five patients received tiotropium/olodaterol and 34 patients received tiotropium. In patients with lower inspiratory capacity at study entry, a significant reduction in sedentary time was observed in the tiotropium/olodaterol group compared with the tiotropium group (Tio: −12.8 ± 13.5 min, Tio/Olo: −65.1 ± 21.0 min, mean difference, −52.2 min, 95% CI −103.6 to 0.88, p = 0.046). In patients with a shorter duration of physical activity of ≥2 METs at study entry, a significant reduction of sedentary time was observed in the tiotropium/olodaterol group compared with the tiotropium group (Tio: −3.3 ± 17.5 min, Tio/Olo: −72.9 ± 23.1 min, mean difference, −69.7 min, 95% CI −128.7 to −10.6, p = 0.02). There were no differences in terms of age, BMI, CAT score, 6MWD, FEV1, FVC, VC, and physical activity of 1.0–1.5 METs and ≥3.0 METs. Conclusion This study showed that COPD patients with lower inspiratory capacity or shorter active time of ≥2.0 METs at study entry are likely to exhibit significantly greater reduction in sedentary time with tiotropium/olodaterol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryo Tajiri
- Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ayako Takamori
- Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaru Uchida
- Division of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Saga Central Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Go Kato
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saga Prefectural Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurihara
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hironori Sadamatsu
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takashi Kinoshita
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko Sueoka-Aragane
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Kawayama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Singh D, Donohue JF, Boucot IH, Barnes NC, Compton C, Martinez FJ. Future concepts in bronchodilation for COPD: dual- versus monotherapy. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/160/210023. [PMID: 34415847 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0023-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with COPD are recommended to initiate maintenance therapy with a single long-acting bronchodilator, such as a long-acting muscarinic antagonist or long-acting β2-agonist. However, many patients receiving mono-bronchodilation continue to experience high symptom burden, suggesting that patients are frequently not receiving optimal treatment. Treatment goals for COPD are often broad and not individually tailored, making initial treatment response assessments difficult. A personalised approach to initial maintenance therapy, based upon an individual's symptom burden and exacerbation risk, may be more appropriate.An alternative approach would be to maximise bronchodilation early in the disease course of all patients with COPD. Evidence suggests that dual bronchodilation has greater and consistent efficacy for lung function and symptoms than mono-bronchodilation, whilst potentially reducing the risk of exacerbations and disease deterioration, with a similar safety profile to mono-bronchodilators. Improvements in lung function and symptoms between dual- and mono-bronchodilation have also been demonstrated in maintenance-naïve patients, who are most likely to resemble those at first presentation in a clinical setting. Despite promising results, there are several evidence gaps that need to be addressed to allow decision makers to evaluate the merits of a widespread earlier introduction of dual bronchodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - James F Donohue
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Neil C Barnes
- Global Specialty & Primary Care, GSK, Brentford, UK.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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