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Balaky STJ. Anti H. pylori, anti-secretory and gastroprotective effects of Thymus vulgaris on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Sprague Dawley rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287569. [PMID: 38271407 PMCID: PMC10810472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the acute toxicity, gastroprotective, therapeutic, anti-inflammatory and anti H. pylori activities of T. vulgaris total plant extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were divided into five groups i.e G-1 (Normal Control), Group 2 (ulcer control) were administered orally with 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Group 3 (omeprazole treated) was administered orally with 20 mg/kg of omeprazole and Groups 4 and 5 (Low dose and High dose of the extract) were administered orally with 250, and 500 mg/ kg of Thymus vulgaris extract, respectively. After 1 hour, the normal group was orally administered with 0.5% CMC (5 ml/kg), whereas absolute alcohol (5ml/ kg) was orally administered to the ulcer control group, omeprazole group, and experimental groups. Stomachs were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Grossly, rats pre-treated with T. vulgaris demonstrated significantly decreased ulcer area and an increase in mucus secretion and pH of gastric content compared with the ulcer control group. Microscopy of gastric mucosa in the ulcer control group showed severe damage to gastric mucosa with edema and leukocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. However, rats pretreated with omeprazole or Thyme vulgaris exhibited a mild to moderate disruption of the surface epithelium and lower level of edema and leukocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer. The T. vulgaris extract caused up-regulation of Hsp70 protein, down-regulation of Bax protein, and intense periodic acid Schiff uptake of the glandular portion of the stomach. Gastric mucosal homogenate of rats pre-treated with T. vulgaris exhibited significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly decreased. Based on the results showed in this study, Thymus vulgaris extract can be proposed as the safe medicinal plants for use and it has considerable gastroprotective potential via stomach epithelium protection against gastric ulcers and stomach lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Tofik Jalal Balaky
- Medical Microbiology Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Medical Analysis Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
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Jabbar AA, Mothana RA, Ameen Abdulla M, Othman Abdullah F, Abdul-Aziz Ahmed K, Rizgar Hussen R, Hawwal MF, Fantoukh OI, Hasson S. Mechanisms of anti-ulcer actions of Prangos pabularia (L.) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101850. [PMID: 37965491 PMCID: PMC10641563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is the greatest digestive disorder that has increased incidence and recurrence rates across all nations. Prangos pabularia (L.) has been well documented as a folkloric medicinal herb utilized for multiple disease conditions including gastric ulcers. Hence, the target study was investigation the gastro-protection effects of root extracts of Prangos pabularia (REPP) on ethanol-mediated stomach injury in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were clustered in 5 cages: A and B, normal and ulcer control rats pre-ingested with 1 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)); C, reference rats had 20 mg/kg omeprazole; D and E, rats pre-supplemented with 250 and 500 mg/kg of REPP, respectively. After one hour, group A was given orally 1 % CMC, and groups B-E were given 100 % ethanol. The ulcer area, gastric acidity, and gastric wall mucus of all stomachs were determined. The gastric tissue homogenates were examined for antioxidant and MDA contents. Moreover, the gastric tissues were analyzed by histopathological and immunohistochemically assays. Acute toxicity results showed lack of any toxic effects or histological changes in rats exposed to 2 and 5 g/kg of REPP ingestion. The ulcer controls had extensive gastric mucosal damage with lower gastric juice and a reduced gastric pH. REPP treatment caused a significant reduction of the ethanol-induced gastric lacerations represented by an upsurge in gastric mucus and gastric wall glycoproteins (increased PAS), a decrease in the gastric acidity, leukocyte infiltration, positively modulated Bax and HSP 70 proteins, consequently lowered ulcer areas. REPP supplementation positively modulated oxidative stress (increased SOD, CAT, PGE2, and reduced MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (decreased serum TNF-α, IL-6, and increased IL-10) levels. The outcomes could be scientific evidence to back-up the folkloric use of A. Judaica as a medicinal remedy for oxidative stress-related disorders (gastric ulcer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A.J. Jabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Fuad Othman Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Khaled Abdul-Aziz Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Rawaz Rizgar Hussen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed F. Hawwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer I. Fantoukh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidgi Hasson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Abdoulrahman K. Anti-ulcer effect of Ranunculus millefoliatus on absolute alcohol-induced stomach ulceration. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103711. [PMID: 37415859 PMCID: PMC10320601 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ranunculus millefoliatus (RM) has been reported to have a numeral of biological properties. Though, the influence of this plant extract on stomach ulceration is yet stated. Thirty rats arbitrarily alienated 5 groups: the normal group, the ulcerated control group, the omeprazole group, and 2 investigational groups. Normal and ulcerated control groups were gavage by mouth 10% Tween 20. Omeprazole group fed orally 20 mg/kg omeprazole. Investigational group's gavage of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg ethanol extracted RM 10% Tween 20, correspondingly. Later another hour, the normal group gavage 10% Tween 20, and groups 2-5 gavage absolute ethanol. Afterward additional hours altogether rats were sacrificed. The ulcerated control group displayed extensive apparent stomach epithelial damage escorted by reduced stomachs mucus excretion and pH stomach contented. RM extract meaningfully condensed ethanol-induced gastric lacerations, for example, demonstrated via augmented gastric mucus and pH stomach contents, condensed ulceration expanse, decreased or lack of edema, and leucocyte penetration hypodermic coat. In stomach epithelial homogenate, RM extract revealed important upsurge superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) actions, expressively diminished malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Furthermore, RM extract augmented strength periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain stomach mucosa, besides formed up-regulation heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) proteins down-regulation the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) protein gastric mucosal. RM extract lessened the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and improved the quantity of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Acute toxicity greater dosage of 500 mg/kg RM extract organized not obvious at all toxicology symbols might improve self-protective tools against stomach epithelial abrasions. RM extract presented gastroprotective effects that could be due to capability upsurge pH then mucus discharge, rise SOD and CAT, decrease MDA quantity, up-regulating HSP 70 proteins, down-regulating Bax protein, and moderate provocative cytokines.
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Hamad Shareef S, Al-Medhtiy MH, Al Rashdi AS, Aziz PY, Abdulla MA. Hepatoprotective Effect of Pinostrobin against Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 30:103506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Ibrahim IAA, Hussein AI, Muter MS, Mohammed AT, Al-Medhtiy MH, Shareef SH, Aziz PY, Agha NFS, Abdulla MA. Effect of nano silver on gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced stomach ulcer in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113550. [PMID: 35994814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have unique properties and display an important role in bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer. Stable Ag NPs were prepared by reaction of silver nitrate solution with extract of Melissa and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, AFM, SEM, XRD, and Zeta potential. The resulted Ag NPs have a size range between 20 and 35 nm. The current study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of Ag NPs against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups. The experimental groups were fed 175 and 350 ppm/p.o of Ag NPs orally. Ag NPs improved the adversative influence of ethanol-induced stomach damage as confirmed by declining ulcer index and raised the percentage of ulcer prevention. Significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions were evidenced by increased mucus secretion and pH of stomach content, decreased ulcer area, nonappearance of edema, and leucocyte penetration of the subcutaneous layer. In gastric homogenate, Ag NPs displayed a substantial upsurge in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels., Ag NPs increased the intensity of periodic acid Schiff stained (PAS) and produced over-regulation of HSP-70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. Ag NPs confirmed gastro-protection which might be attributed to its antioxidant effect, increased mucus secretion, increased SOD, and CAT, reduced MDA level, over-regulation of HSP-70 protein, and down-regulation of Bax protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas I Hussein
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - Mahmoud S Muter
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - Abdulalah T Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Huda University College, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - Morteta H Al-Medhtiy
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq
| | - Suhayla Hamad Shareef
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Peshawa Yunis Aziz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Technical College of Applied Science, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nabaz Fisal Shakir Agha
- Department of Anesthesia, Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric ulcers has increased in recent years, mainly because of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug utilization. Therefore, the current study investigates the gastroprotective effect of p-Cymene on absolute ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly separated into five groups: normal control, ulcer control, reference, and two experimental groups. The normal and ulcer control groups were orally fed with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The reference group was fed orally with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. The experimental groups were fed with 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg p-Cymene, respectively. After one hour, the normal group was fed with 0.5% CMC, and groups 2–5 were given absolute alcohol. After another hour all rats were sacrificed. The ulcer control group showed severe superficial hemorrhagic gastric mucosal lesions with decreased gastric mucus secretion and pH of gastric content. p-Cymene significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions, as evidenced by increased mucus and pH of gastric content, decreased ulcer area, reduced or absence of edema, and leucocyte infiltration of the subcutaneous layer. In gastric mucosal homogenate, p-Cymene displayed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In addition, p-Cymene increased the intensity of periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain of the gastric epithelium, and produced up-regulation of the HSP 70 protein and down-regulation of the Bax protein of the stomach epithelium, as well as a reduction in the levels of tumor necrotic factor-alpha and interleukin-6, while the level of interleukin-10 was increased. p-Cymene decreased the level of TNF-a and IL-6, and increased the level of IL-10. Acute toxicity with a higher dose of 500 mg/kg p-Cymene did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats and could enhance defensive mechanisms against gastric mucosal lesions. p-Cymene showed gastroprotective effects that could be attributed to its antioxidant nature, or its ability to increase mucus secretion, increase endogenous enzymes (SOD, CAT, PGE2), reduce MDA level, up-regulate HSP 70 protein, down-regulate Bax protein, and modulate inflammatory cytokines.
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Boeing T, de Souza P, da Silva LM, Gasparotto Junior A. Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Dyspepsia: An Overview. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:664-677. [PMID: 34474492 DOI: 10.1055/a-1580-7782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the efficacy of herbal medicines for managing dyspepsia in humans and animals. Searches were conducted on the PubMed, Science Direct, and Medline databases, for publications in the last 3 years. In each database, the search terms used consisted of the 2 key terms describing the disorder and subtypes plus each of the terms relating to the therapy. The key terms used were "natural product" and "medicinal plant" in a cross-over with "dyspepsia" and "functional dyspepsia" (i.e., gastroprotection, Helicobacter pylori infection, prokinetic). We included all human and animal studies on the effects of herbal medicines reporting the key outcome of dyspepsia symptoms. Preclinical studies using critically validated models showed that most medicinal plants with gastroprotective action had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antisecretory effects. Moreover, several species displayed anti Helicobacter pylori and prokinetic efficacy. The data availability of controlled clinical studies is currently minimal. The use of different methodologies and the minimal number of patients raise doubts about the effects of these preparations. Only adequate clinical trials with scientifically validated methods can determine whether different herbal medicines can be used as viable alternatives to the conventional pharmacological treatments used to control dyspepsia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Boeing
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFac), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Vanillin Protects the Stomach against Ulcer Formation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040755. [PMID: 35456589 PMCID: PMC9031284 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders, and there is an increasing search for natural products that can heal ulcers and avoid their recurrence. We aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of vanillin, including the investigation of anti-inflammatory activity and the modulation of gene expression. Wistar rats were orally treated with vehicle, carbenoxolone, or vanillin (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) and orally received absolute ethanol to develop gastric ulcers. We analyzed the ulcer area, conducted histological analysis, and measured the levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by ELISA. We analyzed mRNA expression for NF-κB, TNF-α, and Il-10. We measured NOx levels using the Griess reaction. Our results showed similar gastroprotection for the three doses. Vanillin increased mucus production and preserved gastric mucosa integrity. The gastroprotective effect was linked to anti-inflammatory activity as a result of decreasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ and increasing IL-10 levels. Vanillin downregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB and TNF-α, upregulated the mRNA expression of Il-10, and increased NOx levels in the stomach. The gastroprotective activity of vanillin is related to the maintenance of gastric mucus and the local inflammatory response modulation.
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Salleh WMNHW, Khamis S. Composition of Essential Oil from Actinodaphne sesquipedalis and Its Lipoxygenase Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chemical constituents and gastro-protective potential of Pachira glabra leaves against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:317-332. [PMID: 32914383 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a very common illness that adversely affects a significant number of people all over the globe. Phytochemical investigation of P. glabra leaf alcohol extract (PGLE) resulted in the isolation and Characterization of a new nature compound, quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1'''-6'')-(4''- O -acetyl)-β -D-galactoside (4), in addition to seven known compounds. They are ferulic acid (1), p- coumaric acid (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3'-O-β-D-glucoside (3), quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1'''-6'')-(4''- O -acetyl)- β -Dgalactoside (4), quercetin-3- O-β -D-galactoside (5), 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), maltol-3- O-β -D-glucoside (7), and methyl coumarate (8) that were first to be isolated from the genus Pachira. PGLE demonstrated in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Moreover, the in vivo gastroprotective assessment of PGLE at different dosses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg against ethanol induced ulceration revealed a dose-dependent gastroprotection comparable to omeprazole. PGLE attenuated gastric lesions and histopathological changes triggered by ethanol. Interestingly, PGLE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-ĸB and pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the ulcer group. It also hindered apoptosis through decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 expression hence decreasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio with a subsequent reduction in caspase 3 expression. Collectively, P. glabra is a rich reservoir of various phytochemicals reflecting a promising potential for alleviation of gastric ulcer through the mediation of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades.
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