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Qiao H, Tengfei Z, Wenting Z, Qin L, Yunqing G, Xiaoyi C, Huabin S, Xinguo Z, Qingping L. Mechanistic insights of magnolol antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma using untargeted metabolomic analyses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1325347. [PMID: 38152121 PMCID: PMC10751911 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1325347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unreasonable use of antibiotics is one of the important causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that poses a huge public health threat. Magnolol is a traditional Chinese medicine exhibiting antibacterial-, antifungal-, anti-inflammatory-, and antioxidant activities. However, it is unclear whether magnolol has an inhibitory effect on mycoplasma. This study found that magnolol showed excellent inhibitory activity against various mycoplasmas. Magnolol showed dose-dependent inhibition of Mycoplasma synoviae growth and biofilm formation in vitro. Magnolol caused severely sunken and wrinkled M. synoviae cell membranes at the minimum inhibitory concentration, and an enlarged cell diameter. The chicken embryo infection model showed that magnolol significantly reduced M. synoviae pathogenicity in vivo. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism were significantly disturbed at the minimum inhibitory concentration of magnolol. Interestingly, 41% of differential metabolites were in the categories of lipids and lipid-like molecules. Protegenin A was up-regulated 58752-fold after magnolol treatment. It belongs to fatty acyls, and destroys cell membrane integrity and cell activity. Ghosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine related to membrane maintenance and stress response were widely down-regulated. Collectively, our results illustrate the feasibility of magnolol as a phytochemical compound to treat mycoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Tengfei
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Wenting
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Yunqing
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Xiaoyi
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Shao Huabin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhai Xinguo
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Luo Qingping
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Magnolol Loaded on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Particles Improved the Antimicrobial Resistance and Storability of Kiwifruits. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061149. [PMID: 36981076 PMCID: PMC10048129 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is a natural compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis, which exhibits antimicrobial properties. However, magnolol is insoluble in water and consists of a phenolic hydroxyl group, which is volatile; these factors hinder its application. In this study, a safe and environmentally friendly method to improve the microbial resistance and storability of harvested fruits is developed using the water-soluble carrier carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and magnolol. Magnolol was loaded on CMCS particles to form Magnolol@CMCS antimicrobial particles, a preservation coating agent. Magnolol@CMCS particles effectively solved the problems of water insolubility and agglomeration of magnolol and reduced the size distribution D50 value of magnolol from 0.749 to 0.213 μm. Magnolol@CMCS particles showed greater toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Botryosphaeria dothidea than that of magnolol alone, with effective medium concentration (EC50) values of 0.9408, 142.4144, and 8.8028 μg/mL, respectively. Kiwifruit treated with the Magnolol@CMCS solution showed delayed changes in fruit hardness and soluble solid and dry matter contents and significantly higher ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and soluble total sugar contents and sugar:acid ratios compared with that of the control fruit. In addition, no disease spots were observed on fruit treated with the Magnolol@CMCS solution within 7 days after inoculation with B. dothidea. In conclusion, Magnolol@CMCS particles showed antimicrobial activity on harvested fruits, effectively delayed the hardness and nutritional changes of fruits during storage, and improved the storability of kiwifruit.
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Antifungal Potential of Some Herb Decoctions and Essential Oils on Candida Species. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101820. [PMID: 36292266 PMCID: PMC9601325 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Candidiasis is a fungal infectious disease caused by opportunistic Candida species. The incidence of candidiasis has improved, due to prolonged antibiotic therapy and an increased number of immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if decoctions and essential oil (EO) of neem (Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae family), coptidis (Coptis chinensis, Ranunculaceae family), magnolia (Magnolia officinalis, Magnoliaceae family), scutellaria (Scutellaria barbata, Lamiaceae family), and the EO of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium, Myrtaceae family), have antifungal activity in vitro against some clinically prevalent species of Candida. (2) Methods: The antifungal activity was studied by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) against five Candida strains. The effect in dimorphic transition of Candida albicans was also evaluated for the two plants with higher antimicrobial behavior. (3) Results: C. chinensis decoction and EO and L. scoparium EO exhibited antifungal activity in Candida spp. In addition to the fact that both C. chinensis decoction and EO proved strong antifungal activity, L. scoparium EO also displayed a relevant inhibitory effect on the dimorphic transition. (4) Conclusions: The results provided support for the potential use of C. chinensis and L. scoparium in the treatment of infections by Candida spp.
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Xie Y, Hua H, Zhou P. Magnolol as a potent antifungal agent inhibits Candida albicans virulence factors via the PKC and Cek1 MAPK signaling pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:935322. [PMID: 35937692 PMCID: PMC9355038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.935322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolol, a lignin compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis Cortex, has been found to have prominent antifungal effects against Candida albicans. However, the specific mechanism still remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to further explore the inhibition mechanism of magnolol against Candida albicans virulence factors and the related signaling pathways. By an XTT reduction assay, a hyphal formation assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, a calcofluor white staining assay, and a cell wall β-glucan quantitative detection assay, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of magnolol against the adhesion, hyphal formation, biofilm viability, biofilm spatial structure, and cell wall ultrastructure of Candida albicans. Moreover, by RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR, we confirmed the effects of magnolol in inhibiting the gene expression of Candida albicans virulence factors and the related signaling pathways. The results revealed that the adhesion and hyphal formation of Candida albicans were inhibited significantly by magnolol. The viability and spatial structures of Candida albicans biofilms were further weakened. Candida albicans ultrastructure showed partial thinning of cell walls and even rupture, with cytoplasmic leakage. The cell wall intergrity and β-glucan content were also radically reduced. Moreover, magnolol caused significant inhibition of the expression of Candida albicans adhesion, invasion, hyphal formation, biofilm formation, β-1,3-glucan synthesis, and hydrolase secretion-related genes, including ALS1, ALS3, EFG1, EAP1, FKS1, FKS2, PLB2, and SAP2. Furthermore, the PKC pathway-related genes (RHO1, PKC1, BCK1, MKK2, MKC1) and Cek1 pathway-related genes (CDC42, CST20, STE11, HST7, CEK1) were also significantly downregulated, indicating that the inhibition of magnolol against Candida albicans virulence factors might be related to PKC and Cek1 MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, the findings of this study confirmed the inhibition mechanism of magnolol against Candida albicans virulence factors, which might be related to PKC and Cek1 MAPK pathways, thus laying the theoretical foundation for its clinical antifungal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Hua
- *Correspondence: Peiru Zhou, ; Hong Hua,
| | - Peiru Zhou
- *Correspondence: Peiru Zhou, ; Hong Hua,
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Liu Y, Zhu T, Li J, Bao Y, Cheng B, Chen S, Du J, Hu S. Magnolol Hybrid Nanofibrous Mat with Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microvascularized Properties for Wound Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1124-1137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Sihao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shaowei Hu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of Fudan University, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
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Niu L, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114524. [PMID: 34400262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. RESULTS: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Oufensou S, Balmas V, Azara E, Fabbri D, Dettori MA, Schüller C, Zehetbauer F, Strauss J, Delogu G, Migheli Q. Naturally Occurring Phenols Modulate Vegetative Growth and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29407-29415. [PMID: 33225172 PMCID: PMC7676359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To assess the in vitro activity of five naturally occurring phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, apocynin, magnolol, honokiol, and thymol) on mycelial growth and type B trichothecene mycotoxin accumulation by Fusarium graminearum, three complementary approaches were adopted. First, a high-throughput photometric continuous reading array allowed a parallel quantification of F. graminearum hyphal growth and reporter TRI5 gene expression directly on solid medium. Second, RT-qPCR confirmed the regulation of TRI5 expression by the tested compounds. Third, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis allowed quantification of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated forms released upon treatment with the phenolic compounds. Altogether, the results confirmed the activity of thymol and an equimolar mixture of thymol-magnolol at 0.5 mM, respectively, in inhibiting DON production without affecting vegetative growth. The medium pH buffering capacity after 72-96 h of incubation is proposed as a further element to highlight compounds displaying trichothecene inhibitory capacity with no significant fungicidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università
degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università
degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Istituto CNR di
Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Fabbri
- Istituto CNR di
Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Christoph Schüller
- Bioactive Microbial
Metabolites (BiMM) Research Platform, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Franz Zehetbauer
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department
of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Bioactive Microbial
Metabolites (BiMM) Research Platform, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department
of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di
Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università
degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Xie Y, Liu X, Zhou P. In vitro Antifungal Effects of Berberine Against Candida spp. In Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:87-101. [PMID: 32021094 PMCID: PMC6957002 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s230857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Antifungal resistance associated with the extensive use of antifungals and biofilm formation presents major clinical challenges. Thus, new therapeutic strategies for fungal infections are urgently required. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal effects of the natural bioactive alkaloid berberine against Candida spp. in planktonic and biofilm conditions. Methods Using the CLSI M27-A3 reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, the MICs for five standard strains comprised of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231, ATCC 90028), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida dubliniensis (MYA 646), and six clinical isolates (CLC1–CLC6) were tested. The 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of berberine against Candida biofilms. The optical density value at 490 nm was measured and illustrated using concentration-absorbance curves. Finally, the effects were quantified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and 3-dimensional reconstruction was performed. The viability inhibition rates, biofilm formation, and thickness decrease rates were tested and analyzed using independent-samples t-test. The differences among the five Candida strains were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Results The MICs for the five standard strains described above were 80, 160, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL, respectively, which was similar to that of the clinical isolates, suggesting the stable, broad-spectrum antifungal activity of berberine. Berberine exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory effects against Candida biofilms, which were enhanced with the maturation of Candida biofilms. Berberine decreased the viability of Candida biofilms, with inhibition rates by CLSM ranging from 19.89 ± 0.57% to 96.93 ± 1.37%. Following 3-dimensional reconstruction, the biofilms of the berberine-treated group displayed a poorly developed architecture, and the biofilm thickness decrease rates ranged from 15.49 ± 8.45% to 30.30 ± 15.48%. Conclusion Berberine exhibited significant antifungal activity in Candida spp. The results provide a useful reference for multiple Candida infections and biofilm infections associated with antifungal resistance. Therefore, berberine might have novel therapeutic potential as an antifungal agent or a major active component of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xie
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiru Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Oufensou S, Scherm B, Pani G, Balmas V, Fabbri D, Dettori MA, Carta P, Malbrán I, Migheli Q, Delogu G. Honokiol, magnolol and its monoacetyl derivative show strong anti-fungal effect on Fusarium isolates of clinical relevance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221249. [PMID: 31483823 PMCID: PMC6726233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of magnolol and honokiol, two naturally occurring hydroxylated biphenyls, and of their synthetic derivatives was evaluated on a collection of representative isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and F. verticillioides of clinical and ecological concern. The tested compounds were proposed as a ‘natural’ alternative to conventional fungicides, even though a larger range of concentrations (5–400 μg/ml) was applied. The activity of magnolol and honokiol was compared with that of terbinafine (0.1–10 μg/ml), and fluconazole (1–50 μg/ml), two fungicides widely used in treating fungal infections on humans. Magnolol showed similar fungicidal activity compared to fluconazole, whereas honokiol was more effective in inhibiting mycelium growth compared to this fungicide on all tested clinical Fusarium spp. isolates. Compared to terbinafine, honokiol showed similar antifungal activity when tested on clinical F. solani isolates, whereas magnolol was less effective at all selected concentrations (5–400 μg/ml). The different position of the phenol-OH group, as well as its protection, explain different in vitro activities between magnolol, honokiol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, magnolol showed mycelium dry weight reduction at a concentration of 0.5 mM when tested on a set of agricultural isolates of Fusaria, leading to complete inhibition of some of them. Magnolol and honokiol are proposed as efficient and safe candidates for treating clinically relevant Fusaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Barbara Scherm
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (VB);,(GD)
| | - Davide Fabbri
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Carta
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ismael Malbrán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI-CIC-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata–Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (VB);,(GD)
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Insights on the Multifunctional Activities of Magnolol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1847130. [PMID: 31240205 PMCID: PMC6556366 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1847130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over years, various biological constituents are isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicine and confirmed to show multifunctional activities. Magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl natural compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been extensively documented and shows a range of biological activities. Many signaling pathways include, but are not limited to, NF-κB/MAPK, Nrf2/HO-1, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which are implicated in the biological functions mediated by magnolol. Thus, magnolol is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for clinic research. However, the low water solubility, the low bioavailability, and the rapid metabolism of magnolol dramatically limit its clinical application. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the last five-year progress of the biological activities of magnolol, including anti-inflammatory, antimicroorganism, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protection, metabolism regulation, and ion-mediating activity.
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Khadke SK, Lee JH, Woo JT, Lee J. Inhibitory Effects of Honokiol and Magnolol on Biofilm Formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tan L, Bai L, Wang L, He L, Li G, Du W, Shen T, Xiang Z, Wu J, Liu Z, Hu M. Antifungal activity of spider venom-derived peptide lycosin-I against Candida tropicalis. Microbiol Res 2018; 216:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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New N-(oxazolylmethyl)-thiazolidinedione Active against Candida albicans Biofilm: Potential Als Proteins Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102522. [PMID: 30279343 PMCID: PMC6222719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C. albicans is the most frequently occurring fungal pathogen, and is becoming an increasing public health problem, especially in the context of increased microbial resistance. This opportunistic pathogen is characterized by a versatility explained mainly by its ability to form complex biofilm structures that lead to enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance. In this context, a review of the known C. albicans biofilm formation inhibitors were performed and a new N-(oxazolylmethyl)-thiazolidinedione scaffold was constructed. 16 new compounds were synthesized and characterized in order to confirm their proposed structures. A general antimicrobial screening against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi, was performed and revealed that the compounds do not have direct antimicrobial activity. The anti-biofilm activity evaluation confirmed the compounds act as selective inhibitors of C. albicans biofilm formation. In an effort to substantiate this biologic profile, we used in silico investigations which suggest that the compounds could act by binding, and thus obstructing the functions of, the C. albicans Als surface proteins, especially Als1, Als3, Als5 and Als6. Considering the well documented role of Als1 and Als3 in biofilm formation, our new class of compounds that target these proteins could represent a new approach in C. albicans infection prevention and management.
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