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Xu T, Chen J, Shao Q, Ji J, Wang Q, Ma C, Wang X, Cheng F. The Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus herb pair attenuates NASH and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34718. [PMID: 39149083 PMCID: PMC11324969 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus herb pair possesses clearing heat and detoxifying effects. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects and mechanisms of the herb pair in the treatment of NASH by network pharmacology and experimental verification. A network pharmacology-based approach was employed to predict the putative mechanism of the herb pair against NASH. The high-fat diet (HFD) and methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet induced NASH models were used to evaluate efficacy and mechanism of the herb pair. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the herb pair modulated NOD-like receptor pathway. In the HFD mice, herb pair reduced body weight, blood sugar, serum ALT, AST, TBA, TC, TG and LDL-C contents, also improved the general morphology and pathological manifestations. Hepatic transcriptomics study showed that herb pair attenuated NASH by regulating NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Western blotting showed that herb pair reduced the protein expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1 and cleaved IL-1β. In the MCD mice, herb pair also reduced serum ALT, ALT and TBA levels, improved liver pathological manifestations, inhibited the protein expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1 and cleaved IL-1β. Our findings proved that the Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus herb pair attenuates NASH through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This will demonstrate effective pharmacological evidence for the clinical application of herb pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Xi C, Liu D, Ren X, Fan J, Tangthianchaichana J, Lu Y, Wu H. Chemical components with antibacterial properties found in sanchen powder from traditional Tibetan medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117981. [PMID: 38417599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sanchen powder is a traditional Tibetan medicine comprising Bambusae Concretio Silicea, Carthami Flos, and Bovis Calculus Artifactus. Bambusae Concretio Silicea is the dried mass of secreted fluid in the stalks of Gramineae plants such as Bambusa textilis McClure or Schizostachyum chinense Rendle. Carthami Flos is the dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. in the Compositae plant. Bovis Calculus Artifactus is made from ox bile powder, cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, taurine, bilirubin, cholesterol, and trace elements. Research has evidenced the antibacterial efficacy of Sanchen powder, albeit its active constituents for this effect are yet to be established. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate effective compounds, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of Sanchen powder for its antibacterial properties by using network pharmacology combined with in vitro validation, with the aims of observing the action of effective compounds in Sanchen powder and exploring new therapeutic strategies for antibacterial. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was utilized to identify the chemical composition in Sanchen powder and its blood-borne chemical ingredients post-oral intake. A network pharmacology analysis was used to establish the chemical compound in the blood following oral administration-target-disease network. The study aimed to identify antibacterial active ingredients, which were then subjected to molecular docking and pharmacodynamic experiments to verify their efficacy. RESULTS The findings demonstrate that following oral administration, the blood contains seven key components of Sanchen powder, including bilirubin, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, phenylalanine, safflomin A, and tryptophan. Additionally, the network pharmacology and molecular docking study results indicate the potential antibacterial effects of bilirubin, glycocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid. In vitro antibacterial experiments revealed that bilirubin, glycocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid could restrict the growth of the Staphylococcus aureus cell membrane at a certain concentration. Moreover, they exhibited antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS Bilirubin, glycocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid could be effective therapeutic ingredients for the antibacterial effects of Sanchen powder. These results offer a foundation for further clinical application and research on the antibacterial effect of Sanchen powder, a Traditional Tibetan Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Xi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Donghan Liu
- Beijing Union Pharmaceutical Factory, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoqiao Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Minority Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiayi Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Huichao Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Minority Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Peng W, He CX, Li RL, Qian D, Wang LY, Chen WW, Zhang Q, Wu CJ. Zanthoxylum bungeanum amides ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver via regulating gut microbiota and activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116848. [PMID: 37423515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae) is a known herbal medicine with various bioactivities, including anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, learning & memory improving and anti-diabetes, and amides in Z. bungeanum (AZB) are considered as the major active agents for its bioactivities. AIM OF THE STUDY This research was carried out to uncover the anti-NAFL effect of AZB and its corresponding molecular mechanisms. METHODS The central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) was utilized to optimize the AZB extraction process, and the anti-NAFL effect of AZB was investigated on high fat diet (HFD) fed mice (HFD mice). The levels of ROS in liver tissues were determined using laser confocal microscopy with DCFH-DA probe staining, and anti-enzymes (such as HO-1, SOD, CAT & GSH-PX) and MDA in liver tissues were measured using commercial detecting kits. GC-MS was used to determine the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents in feces and blood of mice. 16S high-throughput sequencing, western blotting (WB) assay and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to explore the intestinal flora changes in mice and the potential mechanisms of AZB for treatment of NAFL. RESULTS Our results showed AZB reduced body weight, alleviated liver pathological changes, reduced fat accumulation, and improved oxidative stress in HFD mice. In addition, we also found AZB improved OGTT and ITT, reduced TG, TC, LDL-C, whereas increased HDL-C in HFD mice. AZB increased total number of the species and interspecies kinship of gut microbiota and reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in HFD mice. Moreover, AZB decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota, whereas increased the abundance of Allobaculum, Bacteroides and Dubosiella in feces of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, AZB increased the production of SCFAs, and up-regulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and increased the nuclear transcription of Nrf2 in liver of HFD mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggested AZB can improve NAFL, which could reduce body weight, reverse liver lesions and fat accumulation, improve oxidative stress in liver tissues of HFD mice. Furthermore, the mechanisms are related to increase of the abundance of high-producing bacteria for SCFAs (e.g. Allobaculum, Bacteroides and Dubosiella) to activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng-Xun He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Die Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Xiang D, Liu Y, Zu Y, Yang J, He W, Zhang C, Liu D. Calculus Bovis Sativus alleviates estrogen cholestasis-induced gut and liver injury in rats by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and bile acid profiles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115854. [PMID: 36273746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural Calculus Bovis (NCB) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for anti-inflammation, treating fever, pain, sedation, and recovering hepatobiliary function. Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS), produced from in vitro artificial cultivation by bioengineering techniques, acts as an ideal substitute for NCB when treating various diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Gut-liver injury is an important pathological feature of several cholestatic liver diseases, including estrogen-induced cholestasis (EIC). The strong link between cholestatic liver injury and intestinal damage emphasizes the need of considering gut-liver integrity during treatment. The purpose of this study is to look into the pharmacological activities of CBS on EIC-induced gut and liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS EIC-induced cholestatic rats were given oral gavage daily for five days with or without CBS (150 mg/kg). The liver/body weight, serum biochemistry, and tissue histopathology were then evaluated. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analyses, and immunofluorescence were used to determine the gene expression associated with pathological alterations of the liver and intestine in EIC-induced cholestatic rats. Bile acid profiles within enterohepatic circulation were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS CBS significantly reduced relative liver weight, restored serum biochemistry levels, and improved the hepatic and intestinal pathological damage in EIC model rats. CBS reduced EIC-induced hepatic inflammation by inactivation of the NF-κB signaling and inhibition of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. CBS alleviated EIC-induced hepatic and intestinal oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2-GCLM/GCLC and Nrf2-HO-1 pathways, respectively. CBS treatment upregulated Bcl-2 and downregulated Bax and cleaved caspase3 to improve EIC-induced hepatic and intestinal cell apoptosis. Additionally, CBS reversed the disorders of bile acid profiles in the enterohepatic circulation by reducing bile acid accumulation in the liver and plasma and increasing bile excretion and intestinal reabsorption of bile acids. CONCLUSION CBS alleviates EIC-induced hepatic and intestinal injury through regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and bile acid profiles. These results suggest that CBS or drugs targeting the gut-liver axis may be effective therapeutic agents for cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Zu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Xu X, Zhang W, Wu X, Sun Y, Yang H, Pu Y, Zhou S, Fang B. The effectiveness and safety of Chaiqin Qingning Capsule in upper respiratory tract infections with fever: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized, multicenter controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2022; 68:102840. [PMID: 35523395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Presently, over-the-counter drugs that can treat upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are rarely effective and safe. Chaiqin Qingning Capsule (CQQNC), a Chinese patent medicine, which has been verified by long-term clinical practice is recommended by Chinese experts for the treatment of URTI with fever. This study conducted a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, multicenter controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CQQNC in the treatment of URTI. METHODS The study was conducted at 4 clinical centers in China. Eligible subjects were recruited and randomized 1:1 to the CQQNC group and Qingkailing Capsule (QKLC) group. Both groups were administered orally three times a day for three consecutive days. Primary outcomes were the antipyretic onset time and the temperature recovery time. Secondary outcomes included the symptom disappearance rate, symptom score, and drug safety assessment. RESULTS A total of 269 subjects were analyzed (134 subjects in the CQQNC group, 135 subjects in the QKLC group). The antipyretic onset time and the temperature recovery time were significantly shortened in the CQQNC group (median: 5 h vs. 10 h, p < 0.0001, median: 19 h vs. 27 h, p < 0.0001). CQQNC was more effective than the QKLC in improving the symptoms of pharyngodynia and rhinobyon (85.07% vs. 71.11%, p = 0.008; 76.99% vs. 64.41%, p = 0.043), and in improving the overall symptom scores (-15.10 ± 3.23 vs. -13.35 ± 3.58, p < 0.0001). During the trial, no serious adverse events were reported in the two groups. CONCLUSION CQQNC is effective and safe in the treatment of URTI with fever, and worthy of clinical application. (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR-IPR-16009049).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Xu
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting Pu
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China..
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Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus)-Shexiang (Moschus) combination induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Du X, Li C, Zhang S, Sun C, Zhang X, Chen C, Wang X, Cheng F, Wang Q. Exploring the pharmacological mechanism of calculus bovis in cerebral ischaemic stroke using a network pharmacology approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114507. [PMID: 34384847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calculus bovis is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases given its roles in clearing away heat, detoxification and pain relief. Calculus bovis is used the treatment of cerebral ischaemia, liver and gallbladder diseases and various inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanism of action of calculus bovis in the treatment of ischaemic stroke is not well understood. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects of calculus bovis on neurovascular units were studied, and the mechanism of action of calculus bovis on neurovascular units was also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells were used to construct models of brain neurovascular units in vitro. The oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose (OGD/R) model was used to assess the effects of in vitro cultured calculus bovis on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-5, HIF-1, VEGF, PI3K, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expression was detected. RESULTS In vitro cultured calculus bovis protects the blood-brain barrier; repairs tight junction proteins; increases ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5 protein expression; maintains TEER(transepithelial electrical resistance) values; repairs damaged endothelial cells; increases γ-GT activity; reduces LDH and inflammatory injury; and reduces TNF-α, LI-6, and IL-1β levels. In vitro cultured calculus bovis reduces oxidative stress damage and NO and improves SOD activity. In vitro cultured calculus bovis protects neurons through antiapoptotic activities, including reductions in the apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3, increases in Bcl-2 protein expression, and protection of brain neurovascular units through the HIF/VEGF and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. CONCLUSION In summary, the protective effect of calculus bovis on neurovascular units is achieved through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. The mechanism of action of in vitro cultured calculus bovis in ischaemic stroke involves multiple targets and signalling pathways. The PI3K/Akt, HIF-1α and VEGF pathways effectively protect neurovascular units in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Changxiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Congai Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Chen Z. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) as a Multifunction Medicinal Agent in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): a review on cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:146. [PMID: 33658028 PMCID: PMC7931540 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RELEVANCE Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), characterized by a multitude of pharmacological effects, such as hepatoprotection and inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferative conditions. Many of these effects have been validated at the cellular, molecular and physiological levels but, to date, most of these findings have not been comprehensively disclosed. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide a critical summary of recent studies focusing on PZH and its multiple pharmacological effects. As a result, we further discuss some novel perspectives related to PZH's mechanisms of action and a holistic view of its therapeutic activities. METHODS A systematic review was performed focusing on PZH studies originated from original scientific resources. The scientific literature retrieved for this work was obtained from International repositories including NCBI/PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. RESULTS The major active componentes and their potential functions, including hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects, as well as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, were summarized and categorized accordingly. As indicated, most of the pharmacological effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. The identification of complex bioactive components in PZH may provide the basis for further therapeutic initiatives. CONCLUSION Here we have collectively discussed the recent evidences covering most, if not all, pharmacological effects driven by PZH. This review provides novel perspectives on understanding the modes of action and the holistic view of TCM. The rational development of future clinical trials will certainly provide evidence-based medical evidences that will also confirm the therapeutic advantages of PZH, based on the current information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou PTH Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
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Ge H, Wang A, Su Y, Yu C, Gao L, Li Y. Ameliorative effects of Qingganjiuwei powder, a traditional Mongolian medicine, against CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113226. [PMID: 32829054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qingganjiuwei powder (QGJWS) is a well-known traditional drug containing nine kinds of medicinal materials. This drug is commonly used in the Inner Mongolia region and exerts remarkable clinical effects on hepatic protection. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate whether QGJWS inhibits liver fibrosis in rats and to reveal its potential mechanisms. METHODS Liver fibrosis model was induced by CCl4 for 8 weeks in SD rats. Next, rats were intragastrically administered quantum satis doses of QGJWS (0.525, 1.575, 4.725 g/kg per day) or Silymarin (SIL; 120 mg/kg per day) for 8 weeks. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed, and serum aminotransferase (ALT and AST) levels, histopathological changes as well as the mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1), collagen type Ⅰ(COL1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), combined with phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), C-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) and stress-activated protein kinase-2 (p38) protein in liver tissues were measured in each groups, respectively. RESULTS The symptoms and signs of the model rats were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of liver fibrosis. By contrast, treatment with QGJWS clearly improved the general condition of rats. Also, the morphology and structure of liver can be ameliorated, there are fewer hepatocyte necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration and pseudolobuli in QGJWS treatment groups as demonstrated by histopathological analysis, thus helping bring about lower METAVIR scores. QGJWS administration also dramatically decreased serum ALT and AST levels. Further immunohistochemistry, western blotting and Real-Time PCR analysis revealed that QGJWS significantly enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of MMP2, MMP9, and downregulated the expression levels of COL1, TIMP1 and α-SMA. Furthermore, QGJWS reduced the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway in liver by inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNKs and p38 proteins. CONCLUSIONS QGJWS offers notable protection against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, which may be due to its ability to inhibited the MAPKs signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; XiuZheng Pharmaceutical Group Company Limited, Changchun, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - ChunLei Yu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lu Gao
- XiuZheng Pharmaceutical Group Company Limited, Changchun, China.
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Yu ZJ, Xu Y, Peng W, Liu YJ, Zhang JM, Li JS, Sun T, Wang P. Calculus bovis: A review of the traditional usages, origin, chemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112649. [PMID: 32068140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calculus bovis (C. bovis), a widespread known traditional animal drug in China and Japan, has been widely used for a long time to treat various diseases, including high fever, convulsion and stroke. The aim of the present paper is to comprehensively review knowledge about C. bovis in terms of traditional usages, origin, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and toxicology to seek an applicable substitute for NCB and provide potential new strategies utilizing C. bovis. Additionally, directions and perspectives for future investigations regarding C. bovis are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, the traditional usages, origin, chemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of C. bovis are comprehensively and systematically summarized by searching scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, CNKI, Baidu Scholar and others. Additionally, some classic books of Chinese herbal medicine, academic papers authored by individuals with MSc and PhD degrees, local government reports as well as the state of local drug standards are also retrieved. RESULTS Currently, C. bovis mainly derives from four sources: natural Calculus bovis (NCB), Calculus bovis sativus (CBS), Cultured calculus bovis (CCB) and Calculus bovis artifactus (CBA). Owing to their different formation processes, the chemical constituents of the four kinds of C. bovis show certain differences. Additionally, over 44 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from C. bovis, mainly including bile pigments, bile acids, cholesterols and amino acids. Further investigations have revealed a wide range of pharmacological effects of C. bovis, with effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, immune system and others. Furthermore, NCB and CBA show hypotoxicity, but high concentrations of bilirubin can cause neurotoxicity and hearing impairment. Additionally, pharmacokinetic data for C. bovis are still lacking. CONCLUSION CBS contains analogous types and amounts of constituents and exerts similar therapeutic effects to NCB. Thus, CBS might be used as a sustainable substitute for NCB. Furthermore, the configuration and concentration of bile acids and bilirubin in C. bovis are responsible for the difference in pharmacological effects in the four types C. bovis. Further studies should focus on the structure-function relationship of bile acids and bilirubin in C. bovis by employing pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, PR China
| | - Jin-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Li
- The First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, 628017, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Elshazly SM, Alsemeh AE, Ahmad EAA, Rezq S. CoQ10 exerts hepatoprotective effect in fructose-induced fatty liver model in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:922-934. [PMID: 32157594 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess dietary sugar is associated with deleterious metabolic effects, liver injury, and coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. This study investigates the ability of CoQ10 to protect against fructose-induced hepatic damage. METHODS Rats were fed tap water or 30% fructose for 12 weeks with or without CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, po). An additional group of rats were allowed to feed on either water or 30% fructose for 12 weeks, followed by four weeks of treatment with either the vehicle or CoQ10. RESULTS Fructose-fed rats showed lower CoQ10 levels, increased systolic pressure, increased body weight, higher liquid consumption, decreased food intake and hyperglycemia. Fructose-fed rats also showed deteriorated serum and liver lipid profiles, impaired liver function tests and oxidative status, and lower expression of adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 along with higher GLUT-2 levels. Furthermore, following fructose treatment, tyrosine kinase-PI3K pathway was inhibited. Additionally, there was an increase in the levels of apoptotic markers and serum visfatin and a decrease in the levels of adiponectin and soluble receptor of the advanced glycated end product. Consequently, several histopathological changes were detected in the liver. Concurrent or three months post-exposure administration of CoQ10 in fructose rats significantly reversed or attenuated all the measured parameters and hepato-cytoarchitecture alterations. CONCLUSION This study suggests CoQ10 supplement as a possible prophylaxis or treatment candidate for fructose-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Enssaf A A Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. .,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, UMMC, 2500 N state St., Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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Wang Z, Guo J, Han X, Xue M, Wang W, Mi L, Sheng Y, Ma C, Wu J, Wu X. Metformin represses the pathophysiology of AAA by suppressing the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/autophagy pathway in ApoE -/- mice. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:68. [PMID: 31467666 PMCID: PMC6712653 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The protective effect of metformin (MET) on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been reported. However, the related mechanism is still poor understood. In this study, we deeply investigated the role of metformin in AAA pathophysiology. Methods Angiotensin II (Ang-II) was used to construct the AAA model in ApoE−/− mice. The related mechanism was explored using Western blot and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). We also observed the morphological changes in the abdominal aorta and the influence of metformin on biological behaviors of rat abdominal aortic VSMCs. Results The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was activated in aneurysmal wall tissues of AAA patients and rat model. Treatment with metformin inhibited the breakage and preserved the elastin structure of the aorta, the loss of collagen, and the apoptosis of aortic cells. In addition, metformin significantly suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mToR pathway and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of LC3B and Beclin1, which were induced by Ang-II. Moreover, PI3K inhibitors enhanced the effect of metformin while PI3K agonists largely reversed this effect. Interestingly, the cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by Ang-II were also decreased following metformin treatment. PI3K inhibitors and agonists strengthened and weakened the effects of metformin in VSMCs, respectively. Conclusions Metformin represses the pathophysiology of AAA by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/autophagy pathway. This repression may be useful as a new therapeutic strategy for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Wei Qi Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China.,2Department of Interventional Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Xinqiang Han
- 2Department of Interventional Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Ming Xue
- 4Department of Interventional Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200 Shandong China
| | - Wenming Wang
- 2Department of Interventional Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Lei Mi
- Department of General Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Yuguo Sheng
- 2Department of Interventional Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Chao Ma
- 2Department of Interventional Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Jian Wu
- 2Department of Interventional Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Wei Qi Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
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Xiang D, Yang J, Liu Y, He W, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang C, Liu D. Calculus Bovis Sativus Improves Bile Acid Homeostasis via Farnesoid X Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Rats With Estrogen-Induced Cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:48. [PMID: 30774596 PMCID: PMC6367682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic diseases are characterized by toxic bile acid (BA) accumulation, and abnormal BA composition, which subsequently lead to liver injury. Biochemical synthetic Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) is derived from natural Calculus Bovis, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used to treat hepatic diseases for thousands of years. Although it has been shown that CBS administration to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE)-induced cholestatic rats improves bile flow and liver injury, the involved underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we showed that CBS administration to EE-induced cholestatic rats significantly decreased serum and hepatic BA levels and reversed hepatic BA composition. DNA microarray analysis suggested that the critical pathways enriched by CBS treatment were bile secretion and primary BA synthesis. These findings led us to focus on the effects of CBS on regulating BA homeostasis, including BA transport, synthesis and metabolism. CBS enhanced hepatic BA secretion by inducing efflux transporter expression and inhibiting uptake transporter expression. Moreover, CBS reduced BA synthesis by repressing the expression of BA synthetic enzymes, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, and increased BA metabolism by inducing the expression of metabolic enzymes, CYP3A2, CYP2B10, and SULT2A1. Mechanistic studies indicated that CBS increased protein expression and nuclear translocation of hepatic and intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) to regulate the expression of these transporters and enzymes. We further demonstrated that beneficial effects of CBS administration on EE-induced cholestatic rats were significantly blocked by guggulsterone, a FXR antagonist. Therefore, CBS improved BA homeostasis through FXR-mediated signaling in estrogen-induced cholestatic rats. Together, these findings suggested that CBS might be a novel and potentially effective drug for the treatment of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Guo J, Li C, Yang C, Li B, Wei J, Lin Y, Ye P, Hu G, Li J. Liraglutide reduces hepatic glucolipotoxicity‑induced liver cell apoptosis through NRF2 signaling in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8316-8324. [PMID: 29693190 PMCID: PMC5984007 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on glucolipotoxicity-induced liver cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The results revealed that liraglutide significantly decreased the body weight, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of ZDF rats relative to those of Zucker lean (ZL) rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, the reduced liver cell apoptosis was observed in the ZDF rats following 6 weeks of liraglutide therapy. These data validated the beneficial effects of liraglutide on diabetic and obese ZDF rats. In addition, novel data was obtained that demonstrated that liraglutide treatment increased the expression of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), as well as the transcription of downstream target genes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase 1 and heme oxygenase-1 (P<0.05). Additionally, serum and hepatic GSH and SOD levels increased following liraglutide therapy (P<0.05). Hence, it was proposed that liraglutide may enhance the antioxidant activity of liver cells by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway, thereby reducing liver cell apoptosis induced by glucolipotoxicity in ZDF rats, which may shed light on the application of liraglutide in the treatment of diabetes- and obesity-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Cai Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Medical Department of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Gang Hu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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