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Loubet F, Robert C, Leclaire C, Theillière C, Saint-Béat C, Lenga Ma Bonda W, Zhai R, Minet-Quinard R, Belville C, Blanchon L, Sapin V, Garnier M, Jabaudon M. Effects of sevoflurane on lung alveolar epithelial wound healing and survival in a sterile in vitro model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114030. [PMID: 38583855 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious lung condition that often leads to hospitalization in intensive care units and a high mortality rate. Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic with growing interest for sedation in ventilated patients with ARDS. It has been shown to have potential lung-protective effects, such as reduced inflammation and lung edema, or improved arterial oxygenation. In this study, we investigated the effects of sevoflurane on lung injury in cultured human carcinoma-derived lung alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. We found that sevoflurane was associated with improved wound healing after exposure to inflammatory cytokines, with preserved cell proliferation but no effect on cell migration properties. Sevoflurane exposure was also associated with enhanced cell viability and active autophagy in A549 cells exposed to cytokines. These findings suggest that sevoflurane may have beneficial effects on lung epithelial injury by promoting alveolar epithelial wound healing and by influencing the survival and proliferation of A549 epithelial cells in vitro. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the key cellular mechanisms explaining sevoflurane's potential effects on lung epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Loubet
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Robert
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Leclaire
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Camille Theillière
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécile Saint-Béat
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Ruoyang Zhai
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régine Minet-Quinard
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loic Blanchon
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Garnier
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Perioperative Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Matthieu Jabaudon
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Perioperative Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Feng C, Tian Q, Tang X, Yu J, Li H, Geng C, Xu L. microRNA-9a-5p disrupts the ELAVL1/VEGF axis to alleviate traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114721. [PMID: 38342180 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Plasma microRNA (miR)-9 has been identified as a promising diagnostic biomarker for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to investigate the possible role and mechanisms of miR-9a-5p affecting TBI. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of TBI was used for screening differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. TBI rat models were established. miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF expression in the brain tissue of TBI rats was detected. The relationship among miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF was tested. TBI modeled rats were injected with miR-9a-5p-, ELAVL1 or VEGF-related sequences to identify their effects on TBI. miR-9a-5p was poorly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. ELAVL1 was a downstream target gene of miR-9a-5p, which could negatively regulate its expression. Enforced miR-9a-5p expression prevented brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1. Meanwhile, ELAVL1 could increase the expression of VEGF, which was highly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. In addition, ectopically expressed miR-9a-5p alleviated brain tissue damage in TBI rats by downregulating the ELAVL1/VEGF axis. Overall, miR-9a-5p can potentially reduce brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1 and down-regulating VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Changxing Geng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
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3
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Wang L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zheng G, Wang K, Wu Z, Zhang J, Jia W, Zhang G. Insufficiency of plasmatic arginine/homoarginine during the initial postoperative phase among patients with tumors affecting the medulla oblongata heightens the likelihood of neurogenic pulmonary oedema following surgery. Int J Surg 2024; 110:1475-1483. [PMID: 38079589 PMCID: PMC10942246 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective clinical study aims to investigate the fluctuations of neurotransmitters in peripheral venous blood during the perioperative period and to identify independent predictors for postoperative neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE) in patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral venous blood samples of the enroled patients at seven perioperative time points, as well as their medical records and radiologic data were collected. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to detect the concentrations of 39 neurotransmitters in these samples. The study applied univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses to explore independent predictors of postoperative NPE, and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the concentrations of the same neurotransmitter at different perioperative time points. RESULTS The study included 36 patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours from January to December 2019, and found that 13.9% of them experienced postoperative NPE. The absence of intraoperative use of sevoflurane ( P =0.008), decreased concentrations of arginine ( P =0.026) and homoarginine ( P =0.030), and prolonged postoperative tracheal extubation ( P <0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative NPE in medulla oblongata-involved tumour patients. Pairwise comparison analysis revealed that the perioperative decreases in arginine and homoarginine concentrations mainly occurred within the postoperative 8 h. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that NPE is not uncommon in patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours. The absence of intraoperative use of sevoflurane, decreased concentrations of plasmatic arginine and homoarginine, and prolonged postoperative tracheal extubation are independent predictors of postoperative NPE. These two neurotransmitters' concentrations dropped mainly within the early postoperative hours and could serve as potential early warning indicators of postoperative NPE in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Che Y, Wu W, Qian X, Sheng Z, Zhang W, Zheng J, Chen J, Wang Y. The neuroprotection of controlled decompression after traumatic epidural intracranial hypertension through suppression of autophagy via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23753. [PMID: 38226265 PMCID: PMC10788442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute intracranial hypertension (AIH) is a common and tricky symptom that inflicts upon patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI). A variety of clinical options have been applied for the management of AIH, such as physiotherapy, medication, surgery and combination therapy. Specifically, controlled decompression (CDC) alleviates the extent of brain injury and reduces the incidence of a series of post-TBI complications, thereby enhancing the prognosis of patients suffering from acute intracranial hypertension. The objective of the present project is to illuminate the potential molecular mechanism that underlies the neuroprotective effects of CDC in a rat model of traumatic epidural intracranial hypertension (TEIH). Herein, we observed the functional recovery, the degree of brain edema, the level of apoptosis, the expressions of neuronal cell autophagy-related signaling pathway proteins (including Akt, p-Akt, LC3 and Beclin-1) in rat TEIH model at 24 h post-surgery. The results showed in comparison with rapid decompression (RDC), CDC reduced the degree of brain edema, diminished the level of cellular apoptosis and enhanced neurological function, and whereas the neuroprotective effect of CDC could be reversed by rapamycin (Rap). The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 in CDC group were significantly lower than those of RDC group, and the expression levels of these two proteins were significantly elevated after the addition of Rap. The expression of p-Akt in CDC group was considerably enhanced than RDC group. After the addition of LY294002, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, p-Akt protein expression was reduced, and the neuroprotective effect of the rats was markedly inhibited. Taken together, our data demonstrate the superior neuroprotective effect of CDC with regard to alleviating early brain edema, improving the neurological status, suppressing apoptosis and inhibiting neuronal autophagy via triggering PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Che
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Laboratory, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Qian
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengwei Sheng
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214044, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Tan W, Ma J, Fu J, Wu B, Zhu Z, Huang X, Du M, Wu C, Balawi E, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Liao Z. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis of the mechanism by which erythropoietin promotes recovery from traumatic brain injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:171-179. [PMID: 37488864 PMCID: PMC10479836 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that erythropoietin promotes the recovery of neurological function after traumatic brain injury. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we induced moderate traumatic brain injury in mice by intraperitoneal injection of erythropoietin for 3 consecutive days. RNA sequencing detected a total of 4065 differentially expressed RNAs, including 1059 mRNAs, 92 microRNAs, 799 long non-coding RNAs, and 2115 circular RNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses revealed that the coding and non-coding RNAs that were differentially expressed after traumatic brain injury and treatment with erythropoietin play roles in the axon guidance pathway, Wnt pathway, and MAPK pathway. Constructing competing endogenous RNA networks showed that regulatory relationship between the differentially expressed non-coding RNAs and mRNAs. Because the axon guidance pathway was repeatedly enriched, the expression of Wnt5a and Ephb6, key factors in the axonal guidance pathway, was assessed. Ephb6 expression decreased and Wnt5a expression increased after traumatic brain injury, and these effects were reversed by treatment with erythropoietin. These findings suggest that erythropoietin can promote recovery of nerve function after traumatic brain injury through the axon guidance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Biying Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuekang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengran Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ehab Balawi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengbu Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Wu P, He B, Li X, Zhang H. Roles of microRNA-124 in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1298508. [PMID: 38034588 PMCID: PMC10687822 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1298508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent global cause of mortality due to the limited availability of effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disorder. An effective molecular biomarker may contribute to determining the prognosis and promoting the therapeutic efficiency of TBI. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is most abundantly expressed in the brain and exerts different biological effects in a variety of diseases by regulating pathological processes of apoptosis and proliferation. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated the association between miR-124 and TBI, but there is still a lack of relevant literature to summarize the current evidence on this topic. Based on this review, we found that miR-124 was involved as a regulatory factor in cell apoptosis and proliferation, and was also strongly related with the pathophysiological development of TBI. MiR-124 played an essential role in TBI by interacting with multiple biomolecules and signaling pathways, such as JNK, VAMP-3, Rela/ApoE, PDE4B/mTOR, MDK/TLR4/NF-κB, DAPK1/NR2B, JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Ras/MEK/Erk. The potential benefits of upregulating miR-124 in facilitating TBI recovery have been identified. The advancement of miRNA nanocarrier system technology presents an opportunity for miR-124 to emerge as a novel therapeutic target for TBI. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the role of miR-124 in TBI necessitate further investigation. Additionally, comprehensive large-scale studies are required to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-124 as a therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s hospital of Kunshan, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s hospital of Kunshan, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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7
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Jing Y, Zhang L, Chen SW, Guo Y, Ju SM, Yuan F, Chen H, Yang DX, Tian HL, Xu ZM, Ding J. Inhibiting phosphatase and actin regulator 1 expression is neuroprotective in the context of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1578-1583. [PMID: 36571365 PMCID: PMC10075113 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that the phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression can be related to stroke, but it remains unclear whether changes in phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression also play a role in traumatic brain injury. In this study we found that, in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact, phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression is increased in endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. When we overexpressed phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 by injection an adeno-associated virus vector into the contused area in the traumatic brain injury mice, the water content of the brain tissue increased. However, when phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 was knocked down, the water content decreased. We also found that inhibiting phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression regulated the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, decreased blood-brain barrier permeability, reduced aquaporin 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, inhibited neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, thereby improving neurological function. The findings from this study indicate that phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ming Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Xu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Q, Zhang J, Li H, Li H, Xie F. Models of traumatic brain injury-highlights and drawbacks. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1151660. [PMID: 37396767 PMCID: PMC10309005 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1151660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause for high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults, survivors may suffer from long-term physical, cognitive, and/or psychological disorders. Establishing better models of TBI would further our understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI and develop new potential treatments. A multitude of animal TBI models have been used to replicate the various aspects of human TBI. Although numerous experimental neuroprotective strategies were identified to be effective in animal models, a majority of strategies have failed in phase II or phase III clinical trials. This failure in clinical translation highlights the necessity of revisiting the current status of animal models of TBI and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we elucidate approaches for the generation of animal models and cell models of TBI and summarize their strengths and limitations with the aim of exploring clinically meaningful neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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9
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Pu PM, Li ZY, Dai YX, Sun YL, Wang YJ, Cui XJ, Yao M. Analysis of gene expression profiles and experimental validations of a rat chronic cervical cord compression model. Neurochem Int 2023:105564. [PMID: 37286109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a severe non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) wherein the spinal canal and cervical cord are compressed due to the degeneration of cervical tissues. To explore the mechanism of CSM, the ideal model of chronic cervical cord compression in rats was constructed by embedding a polyvinyl alcohol polyacrylamide hydrogel in lamina space. Then, the RNA sequencing technology was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched pathways among intact and compressed spinal cords. A total of 444 DEGs were filtered out based on the value of log2(Compression/Sham); these were associated with IL-17, PI3K-AKT, TGF-β, and Hippo signaling pathways according to the GSEA, KEGG, and GO analyses. Transmission electron microscopy indicated the changes in mitochondrial morphology. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining revealed neuronal apoptosis, astrogliosis and microglial neuroinflammation in the lesion area. Specifically, the expression of apoptotic indicators, such as Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were upregulated. The activation of IL-17 signaling pathways was observed in microglia instead of neurons or astrocytes, the activation of TGF-β and inhibition of Hippo signaling pathways were detected in astrocytes instead of neurons or microglia, and the inhibition of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was discovered in neurons rather than microglia of astrocytes in the lesion area. In conclusion, this study indicated that neuronal apoptosis was accompanied by inhibiting of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Then, the activation of microglia IL-17 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome effectuated the neuroinflammation, and astrogliosis was ascribed to the activation of TGF-β and the inhibition of the Hippo pathway in the chronic cervical cord of compression. Therefore, therapeutic methods targeting these pathways in nerve cells could be promising CSM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Min Pu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhuo-Yao Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yue-Li Sun
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Fan W, Rong J, Shi W, Liu W, Wang J, Tan J, Yu B, Tong J. GATA6 Inhibits Neuronal Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through a miR-193b/ATG7 axis-dependent Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03918-8. [PMID: 37059928 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly described form of regulated necrotic cell death, which is engaged in the pathological cell death related to stroke, contributing to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, we performed this study to clarify the role of GATA6 in neuronal autophagy and ferroptosis in cerebral I/R injury. The cerebral I/R injury-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as well as the downstream factors of GATA6 were predicted bioinformatically. Moreover, the relations between GATA6 and miR-193b and that between miR-193b and ATG7 were evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Besides, neurons were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), followed by overexpression of GATA6, miR-193b, and ATG7 alone or in combination to assess neuronal autophagy and ferroptosis. At last, in vivo experiments were performed to explore the impacts of GATA6/miR-193b/ATG7 on neuronal autophagy and ferroptosis in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-stimulated cerebral I/R injury. It was found that GATA6 and miR-193b were poorly expressed in cerebral I/R injury. GATA6 transcriptionally activated miR-193b to downregulate ATG7. Additionally, GATA6-mediated miR-193b activation suppressed neuronal autophagy and ferroptosis in OGD-treated neurons by inhibiting ATG7. Furthermore, GATA6/miR-193b relieved cerebral I/R injury by restraining neuronal autophagy and ferroptosis via downregulation of ATG7 in vivo. In summary, GATA6 might prevent neuronal autophagy and ferroptosis to alleviate cerebral I/R injury via the miR-193b/ATG7 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201300, P. R. China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No.12, Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Rong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou215000, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weihao Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No.12, Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou215000, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201300, P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No.12, Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201300, P. R. China.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No.12, Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.
| | - Jindong Tong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201300, P. R. China.
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11
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Shang S, Sun F, Zhu Y, Yu J, Yu L, Shao W, Wang Z, Yi X. Sevoflurane preconditioning improves neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced rats through ROS-NLRP3 pathway. Neurosci Lett 2023; 801:137164. [PMID: 36868396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to study the influence of sevoflurane on the nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into five groups randomly: sham-operated, cerebral I/R, sevoflurane (Sevo), NLRP3 inhibitor-treated (MCC950), and sevoflurane and NLRP3 inducer-treated groups. Rats' neurological functions were assessed using Longa scoring after 24 h of reperfusion, after which they were sacrificed, and cerebral infarction area was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Pathological changes in damaged portions were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining, and cell apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling staining. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in brain tissues were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed using a ROS assay kit. Protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β were determined by western blot. RESULTS Neurological function scores, cerebral infarction areas, and neuronal apoptosis index were decreased in the Sevo and MCC950 groups than in the I/R group. IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β levels decreased in the Sevo and MCC950 groups (p < 0.05). ROS and MDA levels increased, but SOD levels increased in the Sevo and MCC950 groups than in the I/R group. NLPR3-inducer nigericin eliminated the protective effects of sevoflurane on cerebral I/R injury in rats. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane could alleviate cerebral I/R-induced brain damage by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Fengqiang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology , Feicheng People's Hospital, Feicheng 271600, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jingui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lingzhi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated To Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Neuro Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282,China
| | - Xuecai Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan 250000, China.
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12
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Gu T, Xu C, Meng X, Gao D, Jiang G, Yin A, Liu Q, Zhang L. Sevoflurane Preconditioning Alleviates Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Induced Apoptosis in the Hippocampus via the EZH2-Regulated Akt/mTOR Axis and Improves Synaptic Plasticity. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:225-236. [PMID: 36930428 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a persistent and severe psychological and mental disorder resulting from experiences of serious trauma or stress and is suffered by many individuals. Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with sevoflurane is efficient in reducing the incidence of PTSD. However, we require a more comprehensive understanding of the specific mechanisms by which sevoflurane works. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been reported to be regulated by sevoflurane, and to improve patient cognition. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of sevoflurane and the role of EZH2 in PTSD cases. We explored the effects of sevoflurane and EPZ-6438 (inhibitor of EZH2) on rat behavior, followed by an investigation of EZH2 mRNA and protein expression. The effects of sevoflurane and EZH2 on neuronal survival were assessed by western blotting and TUNEL staining, while western blotting was used to examine the expression of PSD95 and the AKT/mTOR proteins. Sevoflurane preconditioning restored EZH2 expression and significantly inhibited apoptosis by regulating phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Synaptic plasticity was also significantly improved. These results suggest that pretreatment with sevoflurane could play an important role in PTSD prevention by regulating EZH2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhou Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dapeng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingzhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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He C, Xu Y, Sun J, Li L, Zhang JH, Wang Y. Autophagy and Apoptosis in Acute Brain Injuries: From Mechanism to Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:234-257. [PMID: 35579958 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular mechanisms behind brain injuries, which are severe clinical situations with increasing incidences worldwide. To search for more and better treatments for brain injuries, it is essential to deepen the understanding of autophagy, apoptosis, and their interactions in brain injuries. This article first analyzes how autophagy and apoptosis participate in the pathogenetic processes of brain injuries respectively and mutually, then summarizes some promising treatments targeting autophagy and apoptosis to show the potential clinical applications in personalized medicine and precision medicine in the future. Recent Advances: Most current studies suggest that apoptosis is detrimental to brain recovery. Several studies indicate that autophagy can cause unnecessary death of neurons after brain injuries, while others show that autophagy is beneficial for acute brain injuries (ABIs) by facilitating the removal of damaged proteins and organelles. Whether autophagy is beneficial or detrimental in ABIs depends on many factors, and the results from different research groups are diverse or even controversial, making this topic more appealing to be explored further. Critical Issues: Neuronal autophagy and apoptosis are two primary pathological processes in ABIs. How they interact with each other and how their regulations affect the outcome and prognosis of brain injuries remain uncertain, making these answers more critical. Future Directions: Insights into the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis and the accurate regulations of their balance in ABIs may promote personalized and precise treatments in the field of brain injuries. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 234-257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu He
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Layla Li
- Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Chi F, Ma L, Li Y, Hou Z, Wang Q. Sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:10153-10170. [PMID: 36585924 PMCID: PMC9831726 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether sevoflurane postconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and its potential mechanism, we employed bioinformatic analysis, neurological assessments, and western blot analysis, as well as triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining. We identified 103 differentially expressed genes induced by cerebral I/R, including 75 upregulated genes and 28 downregulated genes enriched for certain biological processes (involving regulation of inflammatory responses, cellular responses to interleukin 1, and chemokine activity) and signaling pathways (such as transcriptional misregulation in cancer, interleukin-17 signaling, rheumatoid arthritis, MAPK signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling). As a typical path in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, in the current study, we investigated the protective effect of sevoflurane postconditioning in cerebral I/R rats and further explore the role of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway in it. The results showed cerebral I/R-induced neurological deficits were comparatively less severe following sevoflurane postconditioning. In addition, TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway-related proteins and neuropathic damage were ameliorated in aged rats following sevoflurane postconditioning, while the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide aggravated these changes. Together, these findings suggest that sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral I/R injury by a mechanism involving inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway to suppress neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Chi
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Li Ma
- Surgical Department of Clinical Medicine, Shijiazhuang People’s Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
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15
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Sun GW, Ding TY, Wang M, Hu CL, Gu JJ, Li J, Qiu T. Honokiol Reduces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inhibits Apoptosis of Nerve Cells in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2464-2472. [PMID: 36508141 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects and underlying mechanism of honokiol (HNK) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). A rat TBI model was constructed using the modified Feeney free-fall percussion method and treatment with HNK via intraperitoneal injection. The brain tissues of the rats in each group were assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay to detect the level of neuronal apoptosis. Western blots were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax), and ELISAs were used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β) and the activity of caspase-1. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) were also measured. Western blots and qRT-PCRs were used to determine the relative expression levels of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt)-related proteins and mRNAs. Based on the experimental results, treatment with HNK was associated with a decrease in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, downregulated Bax expression levels, elevated Bcl-2 expression levels, and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in the brain tissue of TBI rats. HNK also suppressed neuroinflammation by decreasing IL-1β and IL-18 levels and caspase-1 activity. Additionally, HNK lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels, increased ATP levels, and improved mitochondrial dysfunction in neural cells. Furthermore, in the investigation of the mechanism of HNK on TBI, we observed that HNK could activate UPRmt by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of HSPA9, CLPP, and HSP60 in the brain tissues of TBI rats. Collectively, HNK reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the apoptosis of nerve cells, and attenuated inflammation in the brains of TBI rats. The protective effect of HNK may be achieved through the activation of UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian-Yi Ding
- Department of Imaging, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Long Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Wang J, Liu Z. Research progress on molecular mechanisms of general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the developing brain. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1065976. [PMID: 36504660 PMCID: PMC9729288 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1065976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in developing brains have become one of the current research hotspots in the medical science community. The underlying mechanisms are complex and involve various related molecular signaling pathways, cell mediators, autophagy, and other pathological processes. However, few drugs can be directly used to treat neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment caused by general anesthetics in clinical practice. This article reviews the molecular mechanism of general anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the neonatal brain after surgery in the hope of providing critical references for the treatments of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China,Baotou Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China,*Correspondence: Zhihui Liu
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17
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Zhong L, Ma X, Niu Y, Zhang L, Xue Z, Yan J, Jiang H. Sevoflurane exposure may cause dysplasia of dendritic spines and result in fine motor dysfunction in developing mouse through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006175. [PMID: 36248658 PMCID: PMC9554089 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane has become one of the most widely used volatile anesthetics in pediatric surgery. However, sevoflurane exposure may interfere with dendritic development and synaptogenesis, resulting in brain function impairment. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays an important role in dendritic development and synaptic plasticity. Here we investigated whether sevoflurane exposure would affect the morphological proportions of dendritic spines in developing mouse and explored the role of the change of plasticity of dendritic spines in sevoflurane-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. The related signaling pathway was also examined. C57BL/6 mice at postnatal day (PND) 7 were exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 3 h. The PI3k/AKT/mTOR agonist IGF-1 or the mTOR phosphorylation inhibitor KU0063794 was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before sevoflurane or O2 exposure at PND7. Hippocampi were harvested 6 h after sevoflurane exposure. Western blotting was applied to measure the protein expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway phosphorylation. At PND14, brains from all groups were harvested for Golgi staining, and the morphology of dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons was observed by an oil immersion lens. When the mice grew to adolescence (PND48), fine motor function was measured by the Beam walking test. Here we showed that exposure to 2% sevoflurane for 3 h decreased the proportion of thin dendritic spines and increased the proportion of mushroom dendritic spines, but not changed the density of the dendritic spines. Sevoflurane exposure also suppressed the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in immature mice hippocampi, and eventually led to long-term fine motor dysfunction. Meanwhile, IGF-1 pretreatment could rescue and KU0063794 pretreatment could aggravate the impairment induced by sevoflurane. In conclusion, sevoflurane exposure may cause a change of proportions of the types of dendritic spines through impacting the phosphorylation expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and eventually led to long-term fine motor dysfunction in developing mouse.
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18
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Gao Y, Wang C, Jiang D, An G, Jin F, Zhang J, Han G, Cui C, Jiang P. New insights into the interplay between autophagy and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neuronal cell death and survival. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994037. [PMID: 36187470 PMCID: PMC9524158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process that maintains the normal homeostasis of cells by digesting and degrading aging proteins and damaged organelles. The effect of autophagy on neural tissue is still a matter of debate. Some authors suggest that autophagy has a protective effect on nerve cells, whereas others suggest that autophagy also induces the death of nerve cells and aggravates nerve injury. In mammals, oxidative stress, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) constitute important defense mechanisms to help cells adapt to and survive the stress conditions caused by physiological and pathological stimuli. Under many pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS are integrated and amplified in cells to promote the progress of diseases. Over the past few decades, oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS and their interactions have been a hot topic in biomedical research. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interactions between oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS in neuronal cell death and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Gao
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang An
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Junchen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guangkui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, ; Pei Jiang,
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, ; Pei Jiang,
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19
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Chen Y, Gao X, Pei H. miRNA-384-3p alleviates sevoflurane-induced nerve injury by inhibiting Aak1 kinase in neonatal rats. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2556. [PMID: 35726359 PMCID: PMC9304839 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic and is widely used in pediatric clinical surgery to induce and maintain anesthesia through inhalation. Increasing studies have revealed that sevoflurane has neurotoxic effects on neurons, apoptosis, and memory impairment. miR-384 is involved in the process of neurological diseases. However, the role of miRNA-384-3p in sevoflurane-induced nerve injury is not clear. This study focused on exploring the roles and mechanisms of miRNA-384-3p in sevoflurane-induced nerve injury. METHODS Seven-day-old rats were exposed to 2.3% sevoflurane to induce nerve injury. The morphological changes in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region were detected by HE staining and Nissl staining. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and Western blot assays. Spatial memory and learning ability were detected by the Morris water maze assay. The target gene of miRNA-384-3p was verified through a luciferase reporter assay. A rescue experiment was used to confirm the miRNA-384-3p pathway in sevoflurane-induced nerve injury. RESULTS Sevoflurane reduced miRNA-384-3p expression in the rat hippocampus. miRNA-384-3p alleviated sevoflurane-induced morphological changes in hippocampal neurons and apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. Meanwhile, miRNA-384-3p attenuated the decline in spatial memory and learning ability induced by sevoflurane. miRNA-384-3p alleviated sevoflurane-induced nerve injury by inhibiting the expression of adaptor-associated kinase 1 (Aak1). CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the role and mechanism of miRNA-384-3p in sevoflurane-induced nerve injury, suggesting that miRNA-384-3p could be a novel and promising strategy for reducing sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Blue Cross Brain Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Yang X, Wang M, Zhou Q, Bai Y, Liu J, Yang J, Li L, Li G, Luo L. Macamide B Pretreatment Attenuates Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage of Mice Induced Apoptosis and Regulates Autophagy via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2776-2798. [PMID: 35190953 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (maca) is an annual or biennial herb from South America that is a member of the genus Lepidium L. in the family Cruciferae. This herb possesses antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities, enhances autophagy functions, prevents cell death, and protects neurons from ischemic damage. Macamide B, an effective active ingredient of maca, exerts a neuroprotective effect on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), but the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effect is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of macamide B on HIBD-induced autophagy and apoptosis and its potential neuroprotective mechanism. The modified Rice-Vannucci method was used to induce HIBD in 7-day-old (P7) macamide B- and vehicle-pretreated pups. TTC staining was performed to evaluate the cerebral infarct volume in pups, the brain water content was measured to evaluate the neurological function of pups, neurobehavioural testing was conducted to assess functional recovery after HIBD, TUNEL and FJC staining was performed to detect cellular autophagy and apoptosis, and Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of proteins in the pro-survival phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins. Macamide B pretreatment significantly decreases brain damage and improves the recovery of neural function after HIBD. At the same time, macamide B pretreatment activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway after HIBD, enhances autophagy, and reduces hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-induced apoptosis. In addition, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, significantly inhibits the increase in autophagy levels, aggravates HI-induced apoptosis, and reverses the neuroprotective effect of macamide B on HIBD. Our data indicate that a macamide B pretreatment might regulate autophagy through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby reducing HIBD-induced apoptosis and exerting neuroprotective effects on neonatal HIBD. Macamide B may become a new drug for the prevention and treatment of HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxian Bai
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Yang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Li
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Li
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Medical Association, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Luo
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Medical Association, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang A, Li J, Wang J, Yuan J, Wei X, Xing F, Zhang W, Xing N. The neuroprotective mechanism of sevoflurane in rats with traumatic brain injury via FGF2. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:51. [PMID: 35177106 PMCID: PMC8855620 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of acquired brain injury, which is caused by external mechanical forces. Moreover, the neuroprotective role of sevoflurane (Sevo) has been identified in TBI. Therefore, this research was conducted to figure out the mechanism of Sevo in TBI via FGF2. Methods The key factors of neuroprotective effects of Sevo in TBI rats were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. A TBI model was induced on rats that then inhaled Sevo for 1 h and grouped via lentivirus injection. Modified Neurological Severity Score was adopted to evaluate neuronal damage in rats, followed by motor function and brain water content measurement. FGF2, EZH2, and HES1 expression in brain tissues was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, and expression of related genes and autophagy factors by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to assess HES1 promoter methylation level, and ChIP assay to detect the enrichment of EZH2 in the HES1 promoter. Neuronal damage was assessed by cell immunofluorescence staining, and neuronal apoptosis by Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry. Results Sevo diminished brain edema, improved neurological scores, and decreased neuronal apoptosis and autophagy in TBI rats. Sevo preconditioning could upregulate FGF2 that elevated EZH2 expression, and EZH2 bound to the HES1 promoter to downregulate HES1 in TBI rats. Also, FGF2 or EZH2 overexpression or HES silencing decreased brain edema, neurological deficits, and neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in Sevo-treated TBI rats. Conclusions Our results provided a novel insight to the neuroprotective mechanism of Sevo in TBI rats by downregulating HES1 via FGF2/EZH2 axis activation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02348-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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22
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MicroRNA-31 inhibits traumatic brain injury-triggered neuronal cell apoptosis by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1A/vascular endothelial growth factor A axis. Neuroreport 2022; 33:1-12. [PMID: 34874324 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are dysregulated in traumatic brain injury and are involved in neuronal cell behaviors. Previous studies identified miR-31 as a spinal cord injury-related microRNA, while its role in traumatic brain injury remains indistinct. Herein, we explored the participation of miR-31 in traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury model was established after traumatic neuron injury. Neurocytes were transfected with miR-31 mimic or inhibitor. Cell counting kit-8, lactate dehydrogenase assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, and western blot were applied to examine cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase releasing, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related protein. The binding between miR-31 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1A was verified by luciferase assay. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to detect the regulation of traumatic neuron injury or hypoxia-inducible factor-1A overexpression on vascular endothelial growth factor A level. The effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1A or vascular endothelial growth factor A on neuronal cell injury were examined. Additionally, phosphatidylinositol 3kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway was also examined using western blot. Downregulation of miR-31 promoted traumatic neuron injury-induced neuronal cell injury, and its overexpression did the opposite. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1A acted as a downstream mRNA of miR-31 and its downregulation was involved in miR-31-regulated neuronal cell injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor A level was elevated by traumatic neuron injury or hypoxia-inducible factor-1A overexpression. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1A enhanced neuronal cell injury via promoting vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. Furthermore, miR-31/hypoxia-inducible factor-1A/vascular endothelial growth factor A regulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in neuronal cells. Our study demonstrated miR-31 inhibited neuronal cell apoptosis via regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1A/vascular endothelial growth factor A axis.
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23
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Yu X, Xia L, Zhang S, Zhou G, Li Y, Liu H, Hou C, Zhao Q, Dong L, Cui Y, Zeng Q, Wang A, Liu L. Fluoride exposure and children's intelligence: Gene-environment interaction based on SNP-set, gene and pathway analysis, using a case-control design based on a cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106681. [PMID: 34098334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive fluoride exposure has been associated with intelligence loss, but little is known about gene-fluoride interactions on intelligence at SNP-set, gene and pathway level. OBJECTIVES Here we conducted a population-based study in Chinese school-aged children to estimate the associations of fluoride from internal and external exposures with intelligence as well as to explore the gene-fluoride interactions on intelligence at SNP-set, gene and neurodevelopmental pathway level. METHODS A total of 952 resident children aged 7 to 13 were included in the current study. The fluoride contents in drinking water, urine, hair and nail were measured using the ion-selective electrode method. LASSO Binomial regression was conducted to screen the intelligence-related SNP-set. The gene-fluoride interactions at gene and pathway levels were detected by the Adaptive Rank Truncated Product method. RESULTS The probability of high intelligence was inversely correlated with fluoride contents in water, urine, hair and nail (all P < 0.001). The SNP-set based on rs3788319, rs1879417, rs57377675, rs11556505 and rs7187776 was related to high intelligence (P = 0.001) alone and by interaction with water, urinary and hair fluoride (P = 0.030, 0.040, 0.010), separately. In gene level, CLU and TOMM40 interacted with hair fluoride (both P = 0.017) on intelligence. In pathway level, Alzheimer disease pathway, metabolic pathway, signal transduction pathway, sphingolipid signaling pathway and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway interacted with fluoride on intelligence in men. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that fluoride is inversely associated with intelligence. Moreover, the interactions of fluoride with mitochondrial function-related SNP-set, genes and pathways may also be involved in high intelligence loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Tianjin Baodi District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yushan Cui
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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24
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Wang Z, Li J, Wang A, Wang Z, Wang J, Yuan J, Wei X, Xing F, Zhang W, Xing N. Sevoflurane Inhibits Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuron Apoptosis via EZH2-Downregulated KLF4/p38 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658720. [PMID: 34422795 PMCID: PMC8371463 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by physical damage to the brain tissues, ensuing transitory or permanent neurological dysfunction featured with neuronal loss and subsequent brain damage. Sevoflurane, a widely used halogenated anesthetic in clinical settings, has been reported to alleviate neuron apoptosis in TBI. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism behind this alleviation remains unknown, and thus was the focus of the current study. First, Feeney models were established to induce TBI in rats. Subsequently, evaluation of the modified neurological severity scores, measurement of brain water content, Nissl staining, and TUNEL assay were employed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were further applied to detect the expression patterns of apoptosis-related proteins as well as the activation of the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway within the lesioned cortex. Additionally, a stretch injury model comprising cultured neurons was established, followed by neuron-specific enolase staining and Sholl analysis. Mechanistic analyses were performed using dual-luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The results demonstrated sevoflurane treatment brought about a decrease blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain water content, brain injury and neuron apoptosis, to improve neurological function. The neuroprotective action of sevoflurane could be attenuated by inactivation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Mechanistically, sevoflurane exerted an inhibitory effect on neuron apoptosis by up-regulating enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which targeted Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and inhibited KLF4 transcription. Collectively, our findings indicate that sevoflurane suppresses neuron apoptosis induced by TBI through activation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway via the EZH2/KLF4 axis, providing a novel mechanistic explanation for neuroprotection of sevoflurane in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insight on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1725-1742. [PMID: 33956297 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes brain damage, which involves primary and secondary injury mechanisms. Primary injury causes local brain damage, while secondary damage begins with inflammatory activity followed by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), peripheral blood cells infiltration, brain edema, and the discharge of numerous immune mediators including chemotactic factors and interleukins. TBI alters molecular signaling, cell structures, and functions. Besides tissue damage such as axonal damage, contusions, and hemorrhage, TBI in general interrupts brain physiology including cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, and speech capability. Regardless of the deep understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms still need to be assessed with a desired therapeutic agent to control the consequences of TBI. The current review gives a brief outline of the pathophysiological mechanism of TBI and various biochemical pathways involved in brain injury, pharmacological treatment approaches, and novel targets for therapy.
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26
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Wang Y, Cai X, Wu Z, Tang L, Lu L, Xu Y, Bao X. Tetrandrine attenuates ischemia/reperfusion‑induced neuronal damage in the subacute phase. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:297. [PMID: 33649825 PMCID: PMC7930946 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, the third leading cause of disability globally, imposes a notable economic burden. Tetrandrine (Tet), which has been widely used clinically, exhibits potential protective effects against stroke. However, there has been little pre‑clinical research to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Tet on stroke. The present study investigated the beneficial effect of Tet on ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanism in rats. Rats were subjected to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, then treated with Tet (30 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) in the subacute phase for 7 days. In order to detect the effects of Tet on the behavior of rats, modified neurological severity score and longa behavior, grasping capability and inclined plane tests were conducted on days 1, 3 and 7 following cerebral ischemia. In addition, neuronal apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus following ischemia was assessed by Nissl staining and TUNEL assay. Finally, oxidative stress was evaluated by measurement of free radicals and immunofluorescence staining of LC3 was used to assess autophagy. Tet improved neurological function and decreased infarct volume in I/R injury rats. Tet also prevented neuronal apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus region. In addition, Tet protected against oxidative damage following ischemia, which was reflected by decreased levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde and increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase. In addition, the expression levels of the autophagy marker LC3 decreased in the Tet treatment group. In conclusion, Tet attenuated I/R‑induced neuronal damage in the subacute phase by decreasing oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xinjun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medicial College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Lingqun Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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27
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Li C, Yu TY, Gong LR, Mu R, Zhang Y, Yu JB. Involvement of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in sevoflurane-induced cognitive improvement in rats with traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113200. [PMID: 33636237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly common emergency disease that usually leads to prolonged physical and cognitive impairments. In this study, we investigated if sevoflurane could induce cognitive improvement in TBI rats. Rats were subjected to head trauma induced by a fluid percussion device. A two-hour exposure to 3% sevoflurane was performed in a chamber immediately after TBI. Sevoflurane inhalation reduced the neurological and cognitive deficits induced by TBI with ameliorated synaptic injuries in the hippocampus. Moreover, after sevoflurane treatment, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the hippocampus was enhanced 1 d after TBI and maintained at high levels 14 days later, and oxidative stress induced by TBI was inhibited. However, the HO-1 inhibitor, Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), used to demonstrate the involvement of HO-1, suppressed the protective effect of sevoflurane. These results indicate that sevoflurane administered immediately after TBI may protect against TBI-induced synaptic and cognitive impairments by promoting the antioxidant Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Sevoflurane may be a promising anesthetic for patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Tian-Yu Yu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li-Rong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Rui Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China.
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28
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Baumgartner JE, Baumgartner LS, Baumgartner ME, Moore EJ, Messina SA, Seidman MD, Shook DR. Progenitor cell therapy for acquired pediatric nervous system injury: Traumatic brain injury and acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:164-180. [PMID: 33034162 PMCID: PMC7848325 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While cell therapies hold remarkable promise for replacing injured cells and repairing damaged tissues, cell replacement is not the only means by which these therapies can achieve therapeutic effect. For example, recent publications show that treatment with varieties of adult, multipotent stem cells can improve outcomes in patients with neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and hearing loss without directly replacing damaged or lost cells. As the immune system plays a central role in injury response and tissue repair, we here suggest that multipotent stem cell therapies achieve therapeutic effect by altering the immune response to injury, thereby limiting damage due to inflammation and possibly promoting repair. These findings argue for a broader understanding of the mechanisms by which cell therapies can benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Baumgartner
- Advent Health for ChildrenOrlandoFloridaUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Ernest J. Moore
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language PathologyUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | | | - Michael D. Seidman
- Advent Health CelebrationCelebrationFloridaUSA
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
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29
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Neag MA, Mitre AO, Catinean A, Mitre CI. An Overview on the Mechanisms of Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in Experimental Studies. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:281-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sharma HS, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Muresanu DF, Nozari A, Castellani RJ, Lafuente JV, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Protein kinase inhibitors in traumatic brain injury and repair: New roles of nanomedicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:233-283. [PMID: 33223036 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes physical injury to the cell membranes of neurons, glial and axons causing the release of several neurochemicals including glutamate and cytokines altering cell-signaling pathways. Upregulation of mitogen associated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) occurs that is largely responsible for cell death. The pharmacological blockade of these pathways results in cell survival. In this review role of several protein kinase inhibitors on TBI induced oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain edema formation, and resulting brain pathology is discussed in the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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RiPerC Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia Injury through Regulation of miR-98/PIK3IP1/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6454281. [PMID: 33082912 PMCID: PMC7559836 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6454281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemic stroke is a refractory disease which seriously endangers human health. Remote ischemic perconditioning (RiPerC) by which the sublethal ischemic stimulus is administered during the ischemic event is beneficial after an acute stroke. However, the regulatory mechanism of RiPerC that relieves cerebral ischemic injury is still not completely clear. Methods In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of RiPerC in a rat model of ischemia induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with miR-98 agomir, miR-98 antagomir, or their negative controls (agomir-NC, antagomir-NC) 2 h before MCAO or MCAO+RiPerC followed by animal behavior tests and infraction volume measurement at 24 h after MCAO. The expression of miR-98, PIK3IP1, and tight junction proteins in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex tissues was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot (WB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the rat serum. Results The results showed that in MCAO group, the expression of PIK3IP1 was upregulated, but decreased after RiPerC treatment. Then, we found that PIK3IP1 was a potential target of miR-98. Treatment with miR-98 agomir decreased the infraction volume, reduced brain edema, and improved neurological functions compared to control rats. But treating with miR-98 antagomir in RiPerC group, the protective effect on cerebral ischemia injury was canceled. Conclusion Our finding indicated that RiPerC inhibited the MCAO-induced expression of PIK3IP1 through upregulated miR-98, thereby reducing the apoptosis induced by PIK3IP1 through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus reducing the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Autophagic Network Analysis of the Dual Effect of Sevoflurane on Neurons Associated with GABARAPL1 and 2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1587214. [PMID: 32685442 PMCID: PMC7335402 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1587214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane is commonly used as a general anesthetic in neonates to aged patients. Preconditioning or postconditioning with sevoflurane protects neurons from excitotoxic injury. Conversely, sevoflurane exposure induces neurotoxicity during early or late life. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of the dual effect of sevoflurane on neurons. Autophagy is believed to control neuronal homeostasis. We hypothesized that autophagy determined the dual effect of sevoflurane on neurons. Methods DTome was used to identify the direct protein target (DPT) of sevoflurane. The STRING database was employed to investigate the proteins associated with the DPTs. Protein-protein interaction was assessed using Cytoscape. WebGestalt was used to analyze gene set enrichment. The linkage between candidate genes and autophagy was identified using GeneCards. Results This study found that 23 essential DPTs of sevoflurane interacted with 77 proteins from the STRING database. GABARAPL1 and 2, both of which are DPT- and autophagy-associated proteins, were significantly expressed in the brain and enriched in GABAergic synapses. Conclusions Taken together, our findings showed that the network of sevoflurane-DPT-GABARAPL1 and 2 is related to the dual effect of sevoflurane on neurons.
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Zhou J, Li S, Gao J, Hu Y, Chen S, Luo X, Zhang H, Luo Z, Huang J. Epothilone B Facilitates Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Promoting Autophagy and Migration in Schwann Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:143. [PMID: 32528253 PMCID: PMC7264101 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for drugs that can facilitate axonal regeneration and elongation following peripheral nerve injury has been an area of increasing interest in recent years. Epothilone B (EpoB) is an FDA-approved antineoplastic agent, which shows the capacity to induce α-tubulin polymerization and to improve the stability of microtubules. Recently, it has been increasingly recognized that EpoB has a regenerative effect in the central nervous system. However, the information currently available regarding the potential therapeutic effect of EpoB on peripheral nerve regeneration is limited. Here, we used a rat sciatic crush injury model system to determine that EpoB strikingly improved axonal regeneration and recovery of function. Also, EpoB (1 nM) did not result in significant apoptosis in Schwann cells (SCs) and showed little effect on their viability either. Interestingly, EpoB (1 nM) significantly enhanced migration in SCs, which was inhibited by autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Since PI3K/Akt signaling has been implicated in regulating autophagy, we further examined the involvement of PI3K/Akt in the process of EpoB-induced SC migration. We found that EpoB (1 nM) significantly inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt in SCs. Further studies showed that both EpoB-enhanced migration and autophagy were increased/inhibited by inhibition/activation of PI3K/Akt signaling with LY294002 or IGF-1. In conclusion, EpoB can promote axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury by enhancing the migration of SCs, with this activity being controlled by PI3K/Akt signaling-mediated autophagy in SCs. This underscores the potential therapeutic value of EpoB in enhancing regeneration and functional recovery in cases of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yawei Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaochu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinle Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Qin J, Ma Q, Ma D. Low-dose Sevoflurane Attenuates Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)- induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) by Regulating Hippocampus Apoptosis via PI3K/AKT Pathway. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 17:232-240. [PMID: 32400333 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200513085403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) caused postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was characterized by hippocampus apoptosis, which seriously limited the therapeutic efficacy and utilization of CPB in clinic. Recent data indicated that sevoflurane anesthesia might alleviate CPB-induced POCD, however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS In the present study, the in vivo CPB-POCD models were established by using aged Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats and the in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were inducted by using the primary hippocampus neuron (PHN) cells. RESULTS The results showed that CPB impaired cognitive functions and induced hippocampus apoptosis in rat models, which were alleviated by pre-treating rats with low-dose sevoflurane. In addition, the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signal pathway was inactivated in the hippocampus tissues of CPB-POCD rats, which were rescued by low-dose sevoflurane treatment. Of note, the PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) abrogated the protective effects of low-dose sevoflurane on CPB-POCD rats. Consistently, the in vitro results showed that H/R treatment induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell viability in PHN cells, which were attenuated by low-dose sevoflurane. Similarly, LY294002 abrogated the inhibiting effects of low-dose sevoflurane on H/R-induced PHN cell death. CONCLUSION Taken together, low-dose sevoflurane attenuated CPB-induced POCD by inhibiting hippocampus apoptosis through activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tianchi Road 91, Urumchi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingjun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tianchi Road 91, Urumchi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shangcheng Road N1, Yiwu 322000, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Lin B, Gao Y, Li Z, Zhang Z, Lin X, Gao J. Cannabidiol alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced neural apoptosis in rats by inducing autophagy through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:640-649. [PMID: 32215966 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have reported that the pharmacological effects exerted by cannabidiol (CBD) are partially related to the regulation of autophagy. Increasing evidence indicates that autophagy provides protection against ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the protective effect of CBD against mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced brain injury has not been studied. In the present study, we observed the protective effects of CBD against neural mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in a rat model of HS. In addition, CBD increased Beclin-1 and LC3II expression and reduced P62 expression, which were indicative of autophagy. CBD treatment attenuated the neural apoptosis induced by HS, as reflected by restoring mitochondrial dysfunction, downregulation of BAX, neuro-apoptosis ratio and NF-κB signaling activation, and upregulation of BCL2 in the cerebral cortex. Such protective effects were reversed by 3-Methyladenine, a specific autophagy inhibitor, indicating that the protective effects of CBD treatment involved autophagy. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, significantly inhibited CBD-induced autophagy, demonstrating that PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in the CBD's regulation of autophagy. Furthermore, we found that CBD treatment upregulated PI3K/AKT signaling via cannabinoid receptor 1. Therefore, these findings suggested that CBD treatment protects against cerebral injury induced by HS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to reinforce autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Youguang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zhiwang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Xianzhong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jinpeng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
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Yang A, Liu B. May sevoflurane prevent the development of neurogenic pulmonary edema and improve the outcome? Or as a new sedation method for severe brain injury patients. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109538. [PMID: 31911369 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication that develops rapidly and dramatically after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Severe primary brain injury and subsequent secondary brain injury cascade events are thought to be involved in the development of NPE. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of vasoactive substances are also essential prerequisites for NPE. We hypothesize that sevoflurane may be an effective treatment for preventing the development of NPE. Sevoflurane may play a role in protecting brain and lung tissue after acute brain injury through its sympatholytic, antioxidative, ion channel stabilizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pulmonary protection effects. It has the potential to be used as a sedative in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU), which can help maintain nervous system and cardiopulmonary function in patients with acute brain injury to improve prognosis. Sevoflurane also has the advantages of fast induction of anesthesia, rapid drug metabolism, little interference to the cardiovascular system, and controllable depth of anesthesia. If our hypothesis is supported by further experiments, use of sevoflurane may open a new door for the treatment of acute brain injury and NPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China.
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Guo K, Yao X, Wu W, Yu Z, Li Z, Ma Z, Liu D. HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis reduces neuronal apoptosis via enhancing the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell migration in rats with traumatic brain injury. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104416. [PMID: 32165091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal injection is a promising therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis on neuron repair in TBI rats through improving the bone marrow-derived mesenchymalstromal cells (BMSCs) migration. TBI rat models were established. The rats were treated with exogenous SDF-1, and then the neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats was measured. BMSCs from rats were collected, and the roles of NF-κB p65 expression in nuclei, overexpression of SDF-1 and HIF-1α, as well as downregulation of CXCR4 in BMSC migration were identified. HIF-1α- and SDF-1- treated BMSCs were transplanted into TBI rats, after which the neuronal apoptosis and activity of the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis were detected. Consequently, we found SDF-1 elevated the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 activity and presented protective roles in TBI rat hippocampal neurons with reduced neuronal apoptosis. SDF-1 promoted BMSC migration in vitro, and co-effects of SDF-1 and HIF-1α showed strong promotion, while CXCR4 inhibition suppressed BMSC migration. BMSC transplantation activated the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and reduced neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats. To conclude, our study demonstrated that the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis could enhance BMSC migration and alleviate neuronal damage and apoptosis in TBI rats. This study provided novel options for TBI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit,Tangshan Worker Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zenglu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Dengxiang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China.
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Song H, Xun S, He H, Duan C, Li Q. Compound Porcine Cerebroside and Ganglioside Injection (CPCGI) Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Nerve Cell Injury by Regulating the Phosphorylation of p38 MAP Kinase (p38MAPK)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919600. [PMID: 32114591 PMCID: PMC7065510 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) has been widely applied in clinical practice in China to treat functional confusion caused by brain diseases. Sevoflurane, a frequently-used inhalational anesthetic, was discovered to have neurotoxicity that can cause neurological damage in patients. The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of CPCGI on sevoflurane-induced nerve damage and to reveal the neuroprotective mechanisms of CPCGI. Material/Methods Firstly, the hippocampal neurons were separated from Sprague-Dawley embryonic rats, and were stimulated by 3% sevoflurane for different times (0, 2, 4, and 6 h). Then, cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine the apoptosis-related protein expression levels. Results The results demonstrated that 3% sevoflurane significantly inhibited cell viability but induced cell apoptosis in neurons in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 3% sevoflurane also promoted the Bax [B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)-associated X protein] and cleaved caspase3 protein expressions, and suppressed Bcl-2 and pro-caspase3 expressions in hippocampal neurons. In addition, phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-p65 expression and the ratio of p-p38/p38 and p-p65/p65 were upregulated in a time-dependent manner after 3% sevoflurane treatment. Further analysis indicated that all the effects of 3% sevoflurane on hippocampal neurons were reversed by CPCGI pre-treatment. Conclusions We demonstrated the neuroprotective role of CPCGI in sevoflurane-stimulated neuronal cell damage via regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shining Xun
- Department of First Anesthesiology and Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Huali He
- Department of First Anesthesiology and Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chongzhen Duan
- Department of First Anesthesiology and Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Song JY, Wang XG, Zhang ZY, Che L, Fan B, Li GY. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the protein degradation system in ophthalmic diseases. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8638. [PMID: 32117642 PMCID: PMC7036270 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various ophthalmic diseases, and ER stress-mediated degradation systems play an important role in maintaining ER homeostasis during ER stress. The purpose of this review is to explore the potential relationship between them and to find their equilibrium sites. Design This review illustrates the important role of reasonable regulation of the protein degradation system in ER stress-mediated ophthalmic diseases. There were 128 articles chosen for review in this study, and the keywords used for article research are ER stress, autophagy, UPS, ophthalmic disease, and ocular. Data sources The data are from Web of Science, PubMed, with no language restrictions from inception until 2019 Jul. Results The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are important degradation systems in ER stress. They can restore ER homeostasis, but if ER stress cannot be relieved in time, cell death may occur. However, they are not independent of each other, and the relationship between them is complementary. Therefore, we propose that ER stability can be achieved by adjusting the balance between them. Conclusion The degradation system of ER stress, UPS and autophagy are interrelated. Because an imbalance between the UPS and autophagy can cause cell death, regulating that balance may suppress ER stress and protect cells against pathological stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Xue-Guang Wang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Third People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
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Li J, Lv H, Che YQ. Long non-coding RNA Gas5 potentiates the effects of microRNA-21 downregulation in response to ischaemic brain injury. Neuroscience 2020; 437:87-97. [PMID: 31982471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischaemia, which can cause severe nerve injury, is a global health challenge. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth-arrest specific 5 (Gas5) has been documented to exert tumour suppressive effects in several cancers. However, its role in cerebrovascular disease still requires further investigation. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the role of lncRNA regulatory signalling related to lncRNA Gas5 in ischaemic brain injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed as a model of ischaemic brain injury in rats. The expression of lncRNA Gas5 and microRNA-21 (miR-21) was altered in neurons to elucidate their effects in ischaemic brain injury and to identify the interactions among lncRNA Gas5, miR-21 and Pten. The neuronal survival rate, apoptosis and the expression of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway-related genes were also evaluated in vitro to determine the effects of lncRNA Gas5. In the brains of rats subjected to MCAO, the expression of lncRNA Gas5 and Pten was upregulated, while miR-21 was downregulated. LncRNA Gas5 inhibited miR-21 expression, leading to elevated levels of Pten. In vitro experiments revealed that lncRNA Gas5 depletion and miR-21 elevation resulted in the suppression of neuronal apoptosis, thus promoting neuronal survival via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. These findings demonstrate that lncRNA Gas5 increases miR-21 and activates Pten, contributing to the development of ischaemic brain injury, supporting the silencing of lncRNA Gas5 as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of ischaemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Yu-Qin Che
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China.
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Fu D, Shen J, Shi H. Sevoflurane suppresses oxidation-induced stress and inflammatory responses, via promotion of Nrf2-induced antioxidant signaling. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1729868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jufang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Shi CX, Jin J, Wang XQ, Song T, Li GH, Li KZ, Ma JH. Sevoflurane attenuates brain damage through inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:123-130. [PMID: 31746402 PMCID: PMC6896401 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane post-conditioning in a rat brain cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model and examine its possible mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham control group (Sham), I/R group, sevoflurane group (Se), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) inhibitor group (Tak-242), nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor group (QNZ) and Sevoflurane post-conditioning combined with TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor group (Se + Tak-242). Morris water maze test and tetrazolium chloride staining were used to investigate the I/R injury. The nerve cell apoptosis and autophagy in cortical tissue were detected by TUNEL and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The expression of TLR4 protein in cortical tissue was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of autophagy and apoptotic associated proteins in cortical tissues and the activity of TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway were assayed by western blot analysis. Sevoflurane post-conditioning improved the learning and memory dysfunction caused by cerebral I/R injury. The cerebral infarction area, nerve cell apoptosis and formation of autophagic vacuoles were reduced after sevoflurane administration. The expression of light chain 3II/I, Beclin-1, Bad and Cleaved-Caspase-3 proteins were inhibited and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was upregulated after sevoflurane administration. Sevoflurane post-conditioning also inhibited the TLR4 protein and NF-κB phosphorylation, and increased inhibitor of kBα phosphorylation. The treatment effect of Tak-242 and QNZ groups were not significantly different compared with the Se group (P>0.05), and the Se + Tak-242 group had the best results. The present study demonstrated that sevoflurane post-conditioning could protect middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain injury rats by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis, and that its mechanism is related to the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Xian Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Teng Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Zhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hai Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Jiang W, He L, Qu H. Modulation of autophagy in traumatic brain injury. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1973-1985. [PMID: 31512236 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a traumatically induced structural injury or physiological disruption of brain function as a result of external forces, leading to adult disability and death. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in autophagy-related proteins exist extensively in both experimentally and clinically after TBI. Of note, the autophagy pathway plays an essential role in pathophysiological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, thus contributing to neurological properties of TBI. With this in mind, this review summarizes a comprehensive overview on the beneficial and detrimental effects of autophagy in pathophysiological conditions and how these activities are linked to the pathogenesis of TBI. Moreover, the relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy occur TBI. Ultimately, multiple compounds and various drugs targeting the autophagy pathway are well described in TBI. Therefore, autophagy flux represents a potential clinical therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Rashno M, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y, Rashno M, Khorsandi L, Naseri MKG, Dianat M. Therapeutic effects of chrysin in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study. Life Sci 2019; 228:285-294. [PMID: 31063733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress and apoptosis have major roles in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated motor and cognitive deficits. The present study was aimed to elucidate the putative effects of chrysin, a natural flavonoid compound, against TBI-induced motor and cognitive dysfunctions and possible involved mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Chrysin (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats starting immediately following TBI induction by Marmarou's weight-drop technique and continuously for 3 or 14 days. Neurological functions, motor coordination, learning and memory performances, histological changes, cell apoptosis, expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and oxidative status were assayed at scheduled time points after experimental TBI. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated that treatment with chrysin improved learning and memory disabilities in passive avoidance task, and ameliorated motor coordination impairment in rotarod test after TBI. These beneficial effects were accompanied by increased the concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, prevented neuronal loss, diminished apoptotic index, elevated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that both anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties of chrysin (especially in the dose of 100 mg/kg) are possible mechanisms that improve cognitive/motor deficits and prevent neuronal cell death after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masome Rashno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Gharib Naseri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yu D, Zhu Y, Cui C, Long R, Ma J. Midazolam prevents sevoflurane-induced death in hippocampal neurons. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang MM, Feng YS, Yang SD, Xing Y, Zhang J, Dong F, Zhang F. The Relationship Between Autophagy and Brain Plasticity in Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:228. [PMID: 31244604 PMCID: PMC6542992 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a catabolic degradation system, is utilized for destroying and recycling the damaged or unnecessary cellular components. Brain plasticity refers to the remarkable characteristics of brain neurons that change their structure and function according to previous experience. This review was performed by searching the relevant articles in databases of SCIENCEDIRECT, PUBMED, and Web of Science, from respective inception to January 2019. Here, we review the neuroprotective effect of autophagy in neurological diseases and the mechanism of autophagy in brain plasticity. Moreover, the mechanism of autophagy in the process of brain plasticity can provide the possibility for the development of new treatment methods in the future, thus benefiting patients with neurological diseases. In summary, autophagy and brain plasticity play important roles in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Si-Dong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ko J, Hemphill M, Yang Z, Beard K, Sewell E, Shallcross J, Schweizer M, Sandsmark DK, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kim J, Meaney D, Issadore D. Multi-Dimensional Mapping of Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnostics. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:2424-2434. [PMID: 30950328 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is complicated by variability in the type and severity of injuries and the multiple endophenotypes that describe each patient's response and recovery to the injury. It has been challenging to capture the multiple dimensions that describe an injury and its recovery to provide clinically useful information. To address this challenge, we have performed an open-ended search for panels of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers, packaged inside of brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), that can be combined algorithmically to accurately classify various states of injury. We mapped GluR2+ EV miRNA across a variety of injury types, injury intensities, history of injuries, and time elapsed after injury, and sham controls in a pre-clinical murine model (n = 116), as well as in clinical samples (n = 36). We combined next-generation sequencing with a technology recently developed by our lab, Track Etched Magnetic Nanopore (TENPO) sorting, to enrich for GluR2+ EVs and profile their miRNA. By mapping and comparing brain-derived EV miRNA between various injuries, we have identified signaling pathways in the packaged miRNA that connect these biomarkers to underlying mechanisms of TBI. Many of these pathways are shared between the pre-clinical model and the clinical samples, and present distinct signatures across different injury models and times elapsed after injury. Using this map of EV miRNA, we applied machine learning to define a panel of biomarkers to successfully classify specific states of injury, paving the way for a prognostic blood test for TBI. We generated a panel of eight miRNAs (miR-150-5p, miR-669c-5p, miR-488-3p, miR-22-5p, miR-9-5p, miR-6236, miR-219a.2-3p, miR-351-3p) for injured mice versus sham mice and four miRNAs (miR-203b-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-206, miR-185-5p) for TBI patients versus healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Hemphill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kryshawna Beard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Sewell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie Shallcross
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa Schweizer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle K Sandsmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ma J, Ni H, Rui Q, Liu H, Jiang F, Gao R, Gao Y, Li D, Chen G. Potential Roles of NIX/BNIP3L Pathway in Rat Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:585-595. [PMID: 30961359 PMCID: PMC7103607 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719840353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NIX/BNIP3L is known as a proapoptotic protein that is also related to mitophagy. Previous
reports have shown that NIX could be involved in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral
hemorrhage, but it also plays a protective role in mitophagy in ischemic brain injury. How
NIX works in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear. Thus, this study was designed to
observe the expression of NIX and perform a preliminary exploration of the possible
effects of NIX in a rat TBI model. The results showed that NIX expression decreased after
damage, and colocalized with neuronal cells in cortical areas. Moreover, when we induced
upregulation of NIX, autophagy was increased, while neuronal apoptosis and brain water
content decreased along with neurological deficits. These findings remind us that NIX
probably plays a neuroprotective role in TBI through autophagy and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Ma
- 1 Department of Anesthesia, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ni
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Rui
- 3 Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Gao
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- 1 Department of Anesthesia, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery and Translational Medicine Center, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SuZhou, China
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Liu G, Guo Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu R, Huang P, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Chen Z. A standardized rat burr hole defect model to study maxillofacial bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:450-464. [PMID: 30605772 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With high incidence rate and unique regeneration features, maxillofacial burr hole bone defects require a specially designed bone defect animal model for the evaluation of related bone regenerative approaches. Although some burr hole defect models have been developed in long bones or calvarial bones, the mandible has unique tissue development origins and regenerative environments. This suggests that the defect model should be prepared in the maxillofacial bone area. After dissecting the anatomic structures of rat mandibles, we found that creating defects in the anterior tooth area avoided damaging important organs and improved animal welfare. Furthermore, the available bone volume at the anterior tooth area was superior to that of the posterior tooth and ascending ramus areas. We then managed to standardize the model by controlling the age, weight and gender of the animal, creating standardized measurement instruments and reducing the variations derived from various operators. We also succeeded in deterring the self-rehabilitation of the proposed model by increasing the defect size. The 6 × 2 mm and 8 × 2 mm defects were found to meet the requirements of bone regenerative studies. This study provided a step-by-step standardized burr hole bone defect model with minimal tissue damage in small animals. The evaluations resulting from this model testify to the in vitro outcomes of the proposed regenerative approaches and provide preliminary screening data for further large animal and clinical trials. Therefore, the inclusion of this model may optimize the evaluation systems for maxillofacial burr hole bone defect regenerative approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Unremitting effort has been devoted to the development of bone regenerative materials to restore maxillofacial burr hole bone defects because of their high clinical incidence rate. In the development of these biomaterials, in vivo testing in small animals is necessary to evaluate the effects of candidate biomaterials. However, little has been done to develop such defect models in small animals. In this study, we developed a standardized rat mandible burr hole bone defect model with minimal injury to the animals. A detailed description and supplementary video were provided to guide the preparation. The development of this model optimizes the maxillofacial bone regenerative approach evaluation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqi Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yuanlong Guo
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Runheng Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Peina Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & the Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Zetao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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Yu S, Liu H, Li K, Qin Z, Qin X, Zhu P, Li Z. Rapid characterization of the absorbed constituents in rat serum after oral administration and action mechanism of Naozhenning granule using LC–MS and network pharmacology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:281-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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