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Wang F, Liang L, Yu M, Wang W, Badar IH, Bao Y, Zhu K, Li Y, Shafi S, Li D, Diao Y, Efferth T, Xue Z, Hua X. Advances in antitumor activity and mechanism of natural steroidal saponins: A review of advances, challenges, and future prospects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155432. [PMID: 38518645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide following cardiovascular diseases, presents a formidable challenge in clinical settings due to the extensive toxic side effects associated with primary chemotherapy drugs employed for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the emergence of drug resistance against specific chemotherapeutic agents has further complicated the situation. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative to investigate novel anticancer drugs. Steroidal saponins, a class of natural compounds, have demonstrated notable antitumor efficacy. Nonetheless, their translation into clinical applications has remained unrealized thus far. In light of this, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review elucidating the antitumor activity, underlying mechanisms, and inherent limitations of steroidal saponins. Additionally, we propose a series of strategic approaches and recommendations to augment the antitumor potential of steroidal saponin compounds, thereby offering prospective insights for their eventual clinical implementation. PURPOSE This review summarizes steroidal saponins' antitumor activity, mechanisms, and limitations. METHODS The data included in this review are sourced from authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and others. RESULTS A comprehensive summary of over 40 steroidal saponin compounds with proven antitumor activity, including their applicable tumor types and structural characteristics, has been compiled. These steroidal saponins can be primarily classified into five categories: spirostanol, isospirostanol, furostanol, steroidal alkaloids, and cholestanol. The isospirostanol and cholestanol saponins are found to have more potent antitumor activity. The primary antitumor mechanisms of these saponins include tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy induction, inhibition of tumor migration, overcoming drug resistance, and cell cycle arrest. However, steroidal saponins have limitations, such as higher cytotoxicity and lower bioavailability. Furthermore, strategies to address these drawbacks have been proposed. CONCLUSION In summary, isospirostanol and cholestanol steroidal saponins demonstrate notable antitumor activity and different structural categories of steroidal saponins exhibit variations in their antitumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical application of steroidal saponins in cancer treatment still faces limitations, and further research and development are necessary to advance their potential in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR, PR China
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Badar
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China; Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Saba Shafi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongchao Diao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
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Liu Q, Luo Z, Yang J. Polyphyllin Ⅲ regulates EMT of lung cancer cells through GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1376-1385. [PMID: 38463106 PMCID: PMC10923388 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies have found that the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of lung cancer has achieved satisfying results. Polyphyllin Ⅲ (PP Ⅲ) is a natural steroid saponin from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and its analogs have played a wide role in anticancer research. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PP Ⅲ on the development of lung cancer and its molecular mechanism. Methods A549 and NCI-H1299 cell lines were treated with PP Ⅲ in gradient concentration to detect the IC50 of the cells, and the optimal concentration was selected for subsequent experiments. The effects of PP III treatment on lung cancer were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results In vitro experiments, it was found that the proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation ability of cancer cells were significantly reduced after PP III treatment, while accompanied by a large number of cell apoptosis. Further detection showed that N-cadherin was significantly decreased, E-cadherin was increased, and Snail and Twist were decreased in A549 cells and NCI-H1299 cells, respectively. In addition, GSK-3β expression was increased, while β-catenin expression was reduced with PP III treatment. In the mouse model, it was demonstrated that the volume of transplanted tumors was significantly reduced after PP Ⅲ treatment. Conclusions PP Ⅲ has the capacity to inhibit the progression of lung cancer and regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway to suppress the malignant behavior of cancer cells. The application of PP Ⅲ is expected to be an effective method for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuang Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Hu J, Lu Y, Zheng S, Tian Y, Li T, Tang H, Yang Z, Liu Y. Steroid and triterpenoid saponins from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:789-800. [PMID: 37879796 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Five new saponins, including three steroid saponins, paristenoids A-C (1-3), and two triterpenoid saponins, paristenoids D-E (4-5), along with four known ones (6-9) were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified mainly by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR, MS, as well as chemical methods. Compound 3 is a new cyclocholestanol-type steroidal saponin with a rare 6/6/6/5/5 fused-rings cholestanol skeleton, and this skeleton has been first found from the genus Paris. The cytotoxicities of the isolated compounds against three human three glioma cell lines (U87MG, U251MG and SHG44) were evaluated, and compound 7 displayed certain inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 15.22 ± 1.73, 18.87 ± 1.81 and 17.64 ± 1.69 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Hu
- Department of Chinese Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunyang Lu
- Department of Chinese Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuxian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunyuan Tian
- Department of Chinese Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of Chinese Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chinese Medical and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Chen Y, Song Z, Chang H, Guo Y, Wei Z, Sun Y, Gong L, Zheng Z, Zhang G. Dihydromyricetin inhibits African swine fever virus replication by downregulating toll-like receptor 4-dependent pyroptosis in vitro. Vet Res 2023; 54:58. [PMID: 37438783 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by ASF virus (ASFV) infection, poses a huge threat to the pork industry owing to ineffective preventive and control measures. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop strategies, including antiviral drugs targeting ASFV, for preventing ASFV spread. This study aimed to identify novel compounds with anti-ASFV activity. To this end, we screened a small chemical library of 102 compounds, among which the natural flavonoid dihydromyricetin (DHM) exhibited the most potent anti-ASFV activity. DHM treatment inhibited ASFV replication in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it inhibited porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and swine influenza virus replication, which suggested that DHM exerts broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Mechanistically, DHM treatment inhibited ASFV replication in various ways in the time-to-addition assay, including pre-, co-, and post-treatment. Moreover, DHM treatment reduced the levels of ASFV-induced inflammatory mediators by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, DHM treatment reduced the ASFV-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, further minimizing pyroptosis by inhibiting the ASFV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Interestingly, the effects of DHM on ASFV were partly reversed by treatment with polyphyllin VI (a pyroptosis agonist) and RS 09 TFA (a TLR4 agonist), suggesting that DHM inhibits pyroptosis by regulating TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, targeting TLR4 with resatorvid (a specific inhibitor of TLR4) and small interfering RNA against TLR4 impaired ASFV replication. Taken together, these results reveal the anti-ASFV activity of DHM and the underlying mechanism of action, providing a potential compound for developing antiviral drugs targeting ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebu Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang Q, Li J, Ma M, Lv M, Hu R, Sun J, Zhong X, Sun X, Feng W, Ma W, Zhang W, Zhan B, Han Z, Zhou X. High‑throughput screening identification of a small‑molecule compound that induces ferroptosis and attenuates the invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting the STAT3/GPX4 axis. Int J Oncol 2023; 62:42. [PMID: 36825585 PMCID: PMC9946807 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy. Although considerable efforts have been made in recent years regarding treatments, effective therapeutic drugs for HCC remain insufficient. In the present study, polyphyllin VI was identified as a potential therapeutic drug for HCC by screening natural herbal compounds. The therapeutic effects of polyphyllin VI were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‑8, lactate dehydrogenase release and colony formation assays. The occurrence of ferroptosis was determined by assessing lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde levels, intracellular ferrous iron levels, and the mRNA and protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). The migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells were examined using wound healing and Transwell assays. The results revealed that polyphyllin VI inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells (HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells) by inducing ferroptosis. In addition, through a network pharmacology‑based approach and molecular docking analyses, it was found that polyphyllin VI may target the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). HCC cells were treated with polyphyllin VI or a STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic), both of which exerted similar inhibitory effects on protein expression. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining revealed that polyphyllin VI significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of p‑STAT3 in HCC cells. Mechanistically, by the overexpression of STAT3, it was confirmed that STAT3 binds to GPX4 and promotes its protein expression and transcription, whereas polyphyllin VI induces ferroptosis by inhibiting the STAT3/GPX4 axis. Subsequently, in vivo experiments revealed that polyphyllin VI inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumors. On the whole, findings of the present study suggest that polyphyllin VI inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, which inhibits GPX4 expression and induces the ferroptosis of HCC cells, eventually inhibiting their invasion and metastasis. These data suggest that polyphyllin VI may be a candidate for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macao 999078, P.R. China
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Minling Lv
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Feng
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Bolin Zhan
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xiaozhou Zhou or Dr Zhiyi Han, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China,Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macao 999078, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xiaozhou Zhou or Dr Zhiyi Han, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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Dong L, He J, Luo L, Wang K. Targeting the Interplay of Autophagy and ROS for Cancer Therapy: An Updated Overview on Phytochemicals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010092. [PMID: 36678588 PMCID: PMC9865312 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradation system that recycles cellular components and damaged organelles, which is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are short-lived molecules containing unpaired electrons that are formed by the partial reduction of molecular oxygen. It is widely known that autophagy and ROS can regulate each other to influence the progression of cancer. Recently, due to the wide potent anti-cancer effects with minimal side effects, phytochemicals, especially those that can modulate ROS and autophagy, have attracted great interest of researchers. In this review, we afford an overview of the complex regulatory relationship between autophagy and ROS in cancer, with an emphasis on phytochemicals that regulate ROS and autophagy for cancer therapy. We also discuss the effects of ROS/autophagy inhibitors on the anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals, and the challenges associated with harnessing the regulation potential on ROS and autophagy of phytochemicals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Dong
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (K.W.)
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Li J, Jia J, Zhu W, Chen J, Zheng Q, Li D. Therapeutic effects on cancer of the active ingredients in rhizoma paridis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1095786. [PMID: 36895945 PMCID: PMC9989034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1095786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health, with high mortality and a low cure rate, continuously challenging public health worldwide. Extensive clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for patients with poor outcomes of radiotherapy and chemotherapy provides a new direction in anticancer therapy. Anticancer mechanisms of the active ingredients in TCM have also been extensively studied in the medical field. As a type of TCM against cancer, Rhizoma Paridis (Chinese name: Chonglou) has important antitumor effects in clinical application. The main active ingredients of Rhizoma Paridis (e.g., total saponins, polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI, and polyphyllin VII) have shown strong antitumor activities in various cancers, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and gastric cancer. Rhizoma Paridis also has low concentrations of certain other active ingredients with antitumor effects, such as saponins polyphyllin E, polyphyllin H, Paris polyphylla-22, gracillin, and formosanin-C. Many researchers have studied the anticancer mechanism of Rhizoma Paridis and its active ingredients. This review article describes research progress regarding the molecular mechanism and antitumor effects of the active ingredients in Rhizoma Paridis, suggesting that various active ingredients in Rhizoma Paridis may be potentially therapeutic against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhao Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Clinical Trial Agency, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Defang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Rhizoma Paridis saponins suppresses vasculogenic mimicry formation and metastasis in osteosarcoma through regulating miR-520d-3p/MIG-7 axis. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:180-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Huang X, Xian B, Jiang H, Zhou T, Chen S, Wen F, Pei J. Machine learning and bioinformatics-based insights into the potential targets of saponins in Paris polyphylla smith against non-small cell lung cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:1005896. [PMID: 36386821 PMCID: PMC9649596 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1005896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among cancers worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major lethal factor. Saponins in Paris polyphylla smith exhibit antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer, but their targets are not fully understood. Methods: In this study, we used differential gene analysis, lasso regression analysis and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) to screen potential key genes for NSCLC by using relevant datasets from the GEO database. The accuracy of the signature genes was verified by using ROC curves and gene expression values. Screening of potential active ingredients for the treatment of NSCLC by molecular docking of the reported active ingredients of saponins in Paris polyphylla Smith with the screened signature genes. The activity of the screened components and their effects on key genes expression were further validated by CCK-8, flow cytometry (apoptosis and cycling) and qPCR. Results: 204 differential genes and two key genes (RHEBL1, RNPC3) stood out in the bioinformatics analysis. Overall survival (OS), First-progression survival (FP) and post-progression survival (PPS) analysis revealed that low expression of RHEBL1 and high expression of RNPC3 indicated good prognosis. In addition, Polyphyllin VI(PPVI) and Protodioscin (Prot) effectively inhibited the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cell line with IC50 of 4.46 μM ± 0.69 μM and 8.09 μM ± 0.67μM, respectively. The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with increasing concentrations of PPVI and Prot. Prot induces G1/G0 phase cell cycle arrest and PPVI induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. After PPVI and Prot acted on this cell line for 48 h, the expression of RHEBL1 and RNPC3 was found to be consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: This study identified two potential key genes (RHEBL1 and RNPC3) in NSCLC. Additionally, PPVI and Prot may act on RHEBL1 and RNPC3 to affect NSCLC. Our findings provide a reference for clinical treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Pei
- *Correspondence: Feiyan Wen, ; Jin Pei,
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10
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Kim NY, Jung YY, Yang MH, Chinnathambi A, Govindasamy C, Narula AS, Namjoshi OA, Blough BE, Ahn KS. Tanshinone IIA exerts autophagic cell death through down-regulation of β-catenin in renal cell carcinoma cells. Biochimie 2022; 200:119-130. [PMID: 35654241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), also called kidney cancer, is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, including the United States and China. Because of the characteristics of RCC that are both insidious and largely insensitive to chemo-radiation, the incidence and mortality of RCC are increasing every year. However, there are few studies describing anti-cancer effects of the natural compounds on RCC as compared to other cancers. Here, we analyzed the anti-neoplastic impact of Tanshinone IIA (TSN) on RCC cells. We noted that TSN increased the expression of LC3 proteins while having little effect on PARP and Alix protein expression. We found that TSN up-regulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins such as Atg7 and Beclin-1. Moreover, TSN promoted the formation of autophagic vacuoles such as autophagosomes and autolysosomes. However, treatment with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) or Chloroquine (CQ), slightly decreased the ability of TSN to induce autophagy, but still autophagy occurred. In addition, TSN inhibited translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus, and β-catenin deletion and TSN treatment in RCC increased the expression of LC3 protein. Overall our findings indicate that TSN can exert significant anti-tumor effects through down-regulation of β-catenin to induce autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Yang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ojas A Namjoshi
- Engine Biosciences, 733 Industrial Rd, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Bruce E Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27616, USA
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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11
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Xin M, Gao Q, Xiang X, Xu J, Jiao Y, Li X, Zhang X, Jia X. Autophagy Inhibition Enhances the Anti-Tumor Activity of Methylseleninic Acid in Cisplatin-Resistance Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890974. [PMID: 35592418 PMCID: PMC9110759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP)-based chemotherapy remains one of the standard treatment options for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and cisplatin resistance is the biggest challenge to this therapy. Autophagy is also closely associated with chemoresistance in LUAD. Desperately need to find a way to improve the treatment efficiency of cisplatin-resistant LUAD in clinical practice. Previous studies reported that methylseleninic acid (MSA) has good anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic activities in tumor cells. However, the effectiveness of MSA on cisplatin-resistant LUAD and its effect on the induction of autophagy is still unclear. In the current study, we found that MSA effectively inhibited the proliferation of LUAD cell lines and triggered mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. This effect was more pronounced in cisplatin-resistant LUAD cells with high MDR1 expression. In contrast, the mitochondrial damage caused by MSA treatment can be degraded by inducing selective autophagy in LUAD cells, thereby exerting a self-protective effect on tumor cells. Mechanistically, MSA inhibits proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy in LUAD cells by inhibiting of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Combination with autophagy inhibitors reduces the effect of this selective autophagy-induced resistance, and thus enhancing even more the anti-tumor effect of MSA on cisplatin-resistant LUAD cells. Finally, We speculate that MSA in combination with autophagy inhibitors may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qi Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xindong Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yuhan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xianzhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiuqin Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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12
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Pang H, Wu T, Peng Z, Tan Q, Peng X, Zhan Z, Song L, Wei B. Baicalin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human osteosarcoma cells by increasing ROS to inhibit PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK1/2 and β-catenin signaling pathways. J Bone Oncol 2022; 33:100415. [PMID: 35573641 PMCID: PMC9091934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin causes apoptosis and autophagy through accumulating ROS to suppress PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK1/2 and β-catenin pathways in OS cells. Baicalin-induced autophagosome further triggers apoptosis. Baicalin-induced ROS and Ca2+ interactions induce apoptosis. Baicalin molecule targets PI3Kγ, inhibiting downstream effectors AKT and mTOR.
Baicalin, a flavonoid derivative, exerts antitumor activity in a variety of neoplasms. However, whether baicalin exerts antitumor effects on osteosarcoma cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, treatment with baicalin reduced the proliferation and invasive potential of osteosarcoma cells and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, which eventually caused mitochondrial apoptosis. In addition, baicalin increased intercellular Ca2+ and ROS concentrations. Baicalin-induced apoptosis was confirmed by enhanced Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP levels and decreased Bcl-2 levels. The increase in LC3-II and p62 suggested that baicalin induced autophagosome formation but ultimately inhibited downstream autophagy. Moreover, apoptosis induced by baicalin was attenuated by the addition of 3-MA. Furthermore, we found that baicalin inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK1/2 and β-catenin signaling pathways. Chelation of free Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM also inhibited both apoptosis induction and ROS concentration changes. Finally, NAC pretreatment reversed baicalin treatment outcomes, including the increase in Ca2+ concentration, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of the pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that baicalin might interact with the structural domain of PI3Kγ. Thus, baicalin may be considered a potential candidate for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Pang
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhonghua Peng
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Qichao Tan
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zeyu Zhan
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Corresponding authors.
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13
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Jiang A, Zou C, Xu X, Ke Z, Hou J, Jiang G, Fan C, Gong J, Wei J. Complete genome sequence of biocontrol strain Paenibacillus peoriae HJ-2 and further analysis of its biocontrol mechanism. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:161. [PMID: 35209846 PMCID: PMC8876185 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paris polyphylla is a herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. Stem rot diseases seriously affected the yield of P. polyphylla in subtropical areas of China. Therefore, cost-effective, chemical-free, eco-friendly strategies to control stem rot on P. polyphylla are valuable and urgently needed. Results In this paper, we reported the biocontrol efficiency of Paenibacillus peoriae HJ-2 and its complete genome sequence. Strain HJ-2 could serve as a potential biocontrol agent against stem rot on P. polyphylla in the greenhouse and field. The genome of HJ-2 consists of a single 6,001,192 bp chromosome with an average GC content of 45% and 5,237 predicted protein coding genes, 39 rRNAs and 108 tRNAs. The phylogenetic tree indicated that HJ-2 is most closely related to P. peoriae IBSD35. Functional analysis of genome revealed numerous genes/gene clusters involved in plant colonization, biofilm formation, plant growth promotion, antibiotic and resistance inducers synthesis. Moreover, metabolic pathways that potentially contribute to biocontrol mechanisms were identified. Conclusions This study revealed that P. peoriae HJ-2 could serve as a potential BCA against stem rot on P. polyphylla. Based on genome analysis, the genome of HJ-2 contains more than 70 genes and 12 putative gene clusters related to secondary metabolites, which have previously been described as being involved in chemotaxis motility, biofilm formation, growth promotion, antifungal activity and resistance inducers biosynthesis. Compared with other strains, variation in the genes/gene clusters may lead to different antimicrobial spectra and biocontrol efficacies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08330-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Chengwu Zou
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Zunwei Ke
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jiangan Hou
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Guihe Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chunli Fan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jiguang Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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14
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Yan S, Zhang B, Feng J, Wu H, Duan N, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Shen S, Zhang K, Wu W, Liu N. FGFC1 Selectively Inhibits Erlotinib-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Elevation of ROS Mediated by the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:764699. [PMID: 35126111 PMCID: PMC8807551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been used as a first-line treatment for patients harboring with EGFR mutations in advanced NSCLC. Nevertheless, the drug resistance after continuous and long-term chemotherapies considerably limits its clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop new chemotherapeutic agents and treatment strategies to conquer the drug resistance. FGFC1 (Fungi fibrinolytic compound 1), a type of bisindole alkaloid from a metabolite of the rare marine fungi Starchbotrys longispora. FG216, has exhibited excellent fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the potent efficacy of FGFC1 in human cancer therapy requires further study. Herein, we demonstrated that FGFC1 selectively suppressed the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation. Mechanistically, FGFC1 treatment significantly induced the apoptosis of erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells H1975 in a dose-dependent manner, which was proved to be mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Scavenging ROS not only alleviated FGFC1-induced apoptosis but also relieved the decrease of phospho-Akt. We further confirmed that FGFC1 significantly decreased the phosphorylation of protein EGFR, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in H1975 cells. Notably, PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) could promote the accumulation of ROS and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins induced by FGFC1. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that FGFC1 can inhibit EGFR and its downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through directly binding to EGFR, which displayed a much higher binding affinity to EGFRT790M/L858R than EGFRWT. Additionally, FGFC1 treatment also inhibited the migration and invasion of H1975 cells. Finally, FGFC1 effectively inhibited tumor growth in the nude mice xenograft model of NSCLC. Taken together, our results indicate that FGFC1 may be a potential candidate for erlotinib-resistant NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Yan
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Feng
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Namin Duan
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Zhu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueliang Zhao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
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15
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Lim HM, Park SH. Regulation of reactive oxygen species by phytochemicals for the management of cancer and diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5911-5936. [PMID: 34996316 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2025574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and diabetes mellitus are served as typical life-threatening diseases with common risk factors. Developing therapeutic measures in cancers and diabetes have aroused attention for a long time. However, the problems with conventional treatments are in challenge, including side effects, economic burdens, and patient compliance. It is essential to secure safe and efficient therapeutic methods to overcome these issues. As an alternative method, antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of phytochemicals from edible plants have come to the fore. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds, considered promising agent applicable in treatment of various diseases with beneficial effects. Either antioxidative or pro-oxidative activity of various phytochemicals were found to contribute to regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, which can exert preventive and therapeutic effects against cancer and diabetes. In this article, the antioxidant or pro-oxidant effects and underlying mechanisms of flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins in cancer or diabetic models demonstrated by the recent studies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Min Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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16
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Hu X, Chen T, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Li C, Wang X. Antitumour effect of odoroside A and its derivative on human leukaemia cells through the ROS/JNK pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:56-69. [PMID: 34634178 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oleandrigenin-3-O-β-D-diginoside (a derivative of odoroside A), isolated and purified by our group, has seldom been explored for its pharmacological activity. This study aimed at clarifying the mechanisms towards the leukaemia-suppressive role of odoroside A (compound #1) and its derivative, oleandrigenin-3-O-β-D-diginoside (compound #2) isolated from Nerium oleander. Viability and nuclear morphology change were assessed by CCK-8 assay and fluorescence microscope, respectively. Then, the cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by the compounds were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Xenograft model of nude mice was also applied to measure the leukaemia-suppressive effects of compound #2 in vivo. The result displayed that compound #1 and compound #2 inhibited the proliferation of HL60 and K562 cells and stronger effects were found in HL60 than K562 cells. Both of the compounds induced a dose-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HL60 cells, where compound #2 was more potent than compound #1. Compound #2 also demonstrated a time-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HL60 cells. Furthermore, ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation occurred in a dose-dependent manner in the cells treated with compound #2. Mitochondria also played critical role, proved by the decrease of Bcl-2, the release of cyto c to cytosol and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Moreover, the antitumour effects of compound #2 were validated in the nude mouse xenograft model in vivo. Odoroside A and its derivative inhibited the growth of leukaemia by inducing apoptosis and autophagy through the activation of ROS/JNK pathway. These results suggest that the compounds can serve as potential antitumour agents against leukaemia, especially acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuquan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Chen C, Gao H, Su X. Autophagy-related signaling pathways are involved in cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:710. [PMID: 34007319 PMCID: PMC8120650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestion process in cells that can maintain energy homeostasis under normal circumstances. However, misfolded proteins, damaged mitochondria and other unwanted components in cells can be decomposed and reused via autophagy in some specific cases (including hypoxic stress, low energy states or nutrient deprivation). Therefore, autophagy serves a positive role in cell survival and growth. However, excessive autophagy may lead to apoptosis. Furthermore, abnormal autophagy may lead to carcinogenesis and promote tumorigenesis in normal cells. In tumor cells, autophagy may provide the energy required for excessive proliferation, promote the growth of cancer cells, and evade apoptosis caused by certain treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, resulting in increased treatment resistance and drug resistance. On the other hand, autophagy leads to an insufficient nutrient supply in cancer cells and the destruction of energy homeostasis, thereby inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the double-edged sword of autophagy is crucial for the treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes the signaling pathways and key factors involved in autophagy and cancer to provide possible strategies for treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Chen
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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18
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You LJ, Geng H, Yang XF, Wei GL, Zhu YD, Ge GB, Lei M, Wang DD. The comparison analysis of polyphyllin I and its analogues induced apoptosis of colon and lung cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:15-25. [PMID: 33915023 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyphyllin I (PPI) and its analogues, including polyphyllin II (PPII), polyphyllin VI (PPVI) and polyphyllin VII (PPVII), are major bioactive compounds isolated from the Chinese herb Chonglou. However, the susceptibilities of PPI and its analogues towards the different cell lines are diversified and the mechanisms are not fully clarified. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of PPI and its analogues on two different cell lines, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms of these agents via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The results showed that PPI and its analogues were cytotoxic agents towards both A549 and HT-29 cells, with IC50 values ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 μmol/L. Further investigations demonstrated that they decreased the mitochondrial membrane potentials of both A549 and HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among all tested compounds, PPVI and PPI induced the most obvious changes in Ca2+ haemostasis in these two cell lines. In addition, they could induce the accumulation of ROS in cells and down-regulated the Bcl-2 expression, up-regulated the Bax expression and induced the activity of cleaved caspase-3 in cells. Collectively, our findings clearly demonstrated the cytotoxic differences and mechanisms of PPI and its analogues induced cell apoptosis and could partially explain the anticancer effects of these natural constituents in Chonglou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiao You
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Geng
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Lin Wei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Di Zhu
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Han B, He C. Targeting autophagy using saponins as a therapeutic and preventive strategy against human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105428. [PMID: 33540047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation of long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates, and superfluous or damaged organelles. Dysfunctional autophagy is observed in a variety of human diseases. With advanced research into the role that autophagy plays in physiological and pathological conditions, targeting autophagy is becoming a novel tactic for disease management. Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides containing triterpenoids or steroidal sapogenins as aglycones, and some saponins are reported to modulate autophagy. Research suggests that saponins may have therapeutic and preventive efficacy against many autophagy-related diseases. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the reported saponins that exhibit autophagy regulating activities. In addition, the relevant signaling pathways that the mechanisms involved in regulating autophagy and the targeted diseases were also discussed. By regulating autophagy and related pathways, saponins exhibit bioactivities against cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis and other cardiac diseases, kidney diseases, liver diseases, acute pancreatitis, and osteoporosis. This review provides an overview of the autophagy-regulating activity of saponins, the underlying mechanisms and potential applications for managing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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Liu L, Xing Y, Cao M, Xu J, Chen J. Exogenous NO induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via positive p38/JNK signaling pathway and negative ERK signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1651-1661. [PMID: 33420899 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
JS-K as an exogenous NO donor could release NO after activation by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The present study explores the effects of JS-K on MAPK pathway in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells. JS-K significantly prompted apoptosis and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) prior to JS-K could partly reverse apoptosis and activation of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. However, U0126 (a MEK inhibitor) strengthened the cell apoptosis and the expressions of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. JS-K caused phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK but attenuated phosphorylation of ERK, which were reversed by Carboxy-PTIO (a NO scavenger). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of HSP27, c-JUN and ATF-2 were activated in JS-K-treated cells. SB203580 and SP600125 could attenuate phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, respectively. The phosphorylation in downstream substrates of p38 MAPK and JNK was also abolished by SB203580 and SP600125 in JS-K-treated cells. Additionally, JS-K decreased phosphorylation of c-Raf, which subsequently caused a decrease of MEK1/2 phosphorylation. Several downstream targets of ERK1/2 including p90RSK and transcription factors (e.g., Elk-1, c-Myc and c-Fos) were inhibited. U0126 potentiated JS-K-induced inhibitory effect of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. The same results were also observed in the downstream substrates of ERK1/2 including p90RSK, Elk-1, c-Myc and c-Fos. Moreover, Carboxy-PTIO abolished the inhibitory effect of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway triggered by JS-K. Finally, JS-K significantly suppressed the growth of rat primary hepatic carcinoma via MAPK pathway in vivo. Taken together, JS-K can induce hepatocellular carcinoma cells apoptosis through its activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and inactivation of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Yihao Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jinglei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
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21
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Peng P, Nie Z, Sun F, Peng H. Glucocorticoids induce femoral head necrosis in rats through the ROS/JNK/c-Jun pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:312-321. [PMID: 33190410 PMCID: PMC7780117 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common clinical disease with a high disability rate. Apoptosis of osteoblasts caused by high‐dose short‐term or low‐dose long‐term glucocorticoid (GC) administration is the biological basis of steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). The pathogenesis of SANFH has not yet been fully elucidated, and there is currently a lack of effective clinical treatments. Here, we investigated the role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway in SANFH. Dexamethasone (Dex) was used to induce apoptosis in osteoblasts, and this resulted in a significant increase in levels of p‐JNK, p‐c‐Jun, Bax, caspase‐3, caspase‐9, cytochrome C, Beclin‐1, and LC3, and a decrease in levels of P62 and Bcl‐2. In addition, intracellular ROS levels were increased and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased. Administration of 3‐MA, an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated Dex‐mediated changes in autophagy and apoptosis. A rat model of ONFH exhibited severe bone trabecular hollow bone pits along with a significant increase in femoral head cell apoptosis compared with the control group. Additionally, micro‐CT analysis showed that both bone tissue content and femoral head integrity were significantly reduced in the ONFH group. Furthermore, 3‐MA treatment decreased the effect of Dex on GC‐induced ONFH and osteoblast apoptosis in rats and could counteract microstructure destruction due to femoral head necrosis. In summary, our data suggest that GC can induce osteoblast apoptosis and autophagy through the ROS/JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway, which contributes to ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puji Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Zhigang Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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Wang S, Lin B, Liu W, Wei G, Li Z, Yu N, Xue X, Ji G. Acacetin Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Modulation of ROS/JNK Activation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5077-5085. [PMID: 33239866 PMCID: PMC7680676 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s275148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The long-term survival rate of osteosarcoma, which is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, has stagnated in past decades. Acacetin is a natural flavonoid compound that has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and exhibits extensive therapeutic effects on various cancers. In this study, the anticancer potential of acacetin and the underlying molecular mechanisms were examined in human osteosarcoma cells (SJSA and HOS). Materials and Methods HOS and SJSA cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of acacetin. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by CCK-8 and colony-formation assays. Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining was employed to detect apoptosis. Cell apoptosis was measured by an annexin V-FITC/PI assay by flow cytometry. The alteration in the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by a JC-1 Assay Kit. Apoptosis-related protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Subsequently, the activation of the ROS/JNK signaling pathway was investigated. Results Acacetin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in SJSA and HOS cells. The acacetin treatment resulted in the activation of caspase-3, −8, and −9 and cleaved PARP. Further studies showed that acacetin-induced apoptosis was attributed to ROS. In addition, we found that acacetin induced the activation of the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Subsequently, after treatment with the ROS scavenger GSH and the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the apoptosis-inducing effect triggered by acacetin was significantly attenuated. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that acacetin may induce apoptosis to inhibit cell growth by activating the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in SJSA and HOS cells, suggesting that acacetin may be a promising candidate for the management of osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Binhui Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongguang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Naichun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrong Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Pan X, Liu W, Chai Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. Genetic and Clinical Characterization of HOXB2 in Glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10465-10473. [PMID: 33116626 PMCID: PMC7569082 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s268635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous cancer with poor survival rates. Homeobox (HOX) genes are transcription factors that play pivotal roles in many aspects of cellular physiology, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. Mutations in HOX genes can lead to increased cancer predisposition. Abnormal expression of HOXB2 may result in the development and progression of tumors. However, its prognostic value and mechanism of dysregulation remain unclear. Methods The present study included 1001 glioma patients. The correlations between the expression of HOXB2 and subgroups of glioma were investigated by t-test analyses. The prognostic value of HOXB2 was explored by Kaplan–Meier analysis as well as univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were employed to detect the biological function of HOXB2 in glioma. CCK-8 and transwell assays were performed to determine the role of HOXB2 in cell proliferation and invasion. Results HOXB2 was positively correlated with tumor grade and enriched in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 wild-type and age >41 years. HOXB2 was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker in glioma patients. HOXB2 was associated with cell invasion and promoted the proliferation of glioma cells in vitro. Conclusion HOXB2 is an independent prognostic factor and contributes to tumor invasion in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Qin H, Zhou Z, Li Y, Wang J, Lin M, Dong X, Yang M, Li L. Cellular evaluation of the metal-organic framework PCN-224 associated with inflammation and autophagy. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105019. [PMID: 33058999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are innovative porous structures consisting of metal ions and organic ligands, which have been verified for extraordinary applications in nanomedicine and pharmaceuticals. PCN-224 is a type of Zr-based MOFs, which has recently emerged as one of the most attractive nanomaterials for various applications, such as drug delivery, bioimaging and cancer therapy due to its favorable and fascinating physical-chemical properties. However, the safety evaluation and the potential toxicological properties remain unclear. In this study, the general cytotoxicity of PCN-224 were examined in both human hepatocytes L-02 cells and mouse macrophages RAW264.7. Furthermore, the effect of inflammation and autophagy were measured in L-02 cells. The results indicated that PCN-224 was engulfed in L-02 cells and subsequently resulted in morphological changes, cell membrane destruction, and oxidative stress in L-02 cells. PCN-224 might trigger inflammation by promoting the secretion of inflammatory factors such as Tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL-6). PCN-224 might induce autophagosome accumulation and subsequently autophagic dysfunction. Additionally, PCN-224 induced cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells and increased the protein levels of the inflammasome component NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) molecular, which indicated its cellular effects in different cell types. All of these results will support the reasonable use of PCN-224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qin
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zehao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Lin
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemeng Dong
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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An K, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yan S, Hou Z, Cao M, Liu G, Dong C, Gao J, Liu G. Neferine induces apoptosis by modulating the ROS‑mediated JNK pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1116-1126. [PMID: 32705225 PMCID: PMC7388582 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have limited efficacy. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic targets to effectively manage the disease and boost survival rates is imperative Neferine, a natural product extracted from Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) leaves, has been revealed to inhibit the growth of hepatocarcinoma, breast cancer and lung cancer cells. However, its effect on ESCC is unknown. In the present study, it was revealed that neferine exerted anti‑proliferative effects in ESCC. It was also revealed that it triggered arrest of the G2/M phase and enhanced apoptosis of ESCC cell lines. Moreover, its ability to trigger accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate the c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was demonstrated. Further study revealed how N‑acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, attenuated these effects, demonstrating that ROS and JNK inhibitors mediated a marked reversal of neferine‑triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Finally, it was revealed that neferine was involved in the inhibition of Nrf2, an antioxidant factor. Collectively, these findings demonstrated the antitumor effect of neferine in ESCC, through the ROS‑mediated JNK pathway and inhibition of Nrf2, indicating its potential as a target for development of novel and effective therapeutic agents against ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yuehan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yingjiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Shengxi Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Guangkuo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Juncha Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Gaifang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Liu W, Chai Y, Hu L, Wang J, Pan X, Yuan H, Zhao Z, Song Y, Zhang Y. Polyphyllin VI Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy via Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated JNK and P38 Activation in Glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2275-2288. [PMID: 32214827 PMCID: PMC7078907 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s243953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyphyllin VI (PPVI), a bioactive component derived from a traditional Chinese herb Paris polyphylla, exhibits potential antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as breast and lung cancers. However, its effect on glioma remains unknown. Methods Five glioma cell lines (U251, U343, LN229, U87 and HEB) and an animal model were employed in the study. Anti-proliferation effects of PPVI were first determined using CCK-8 cell proliferation and clone formation assays, then reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle progression and apoptosis effects measured by flow cytometry. The effect of PPVI on protein expression was quantified by Western blot analysis. Results Data showed that PPVI inhibited the proliferation of glioma cell lines by modulating the G2/M phase. Additionally, incubation of cells with PPVI promoted apoptosis, autophagy, increased accumulation of ROS and activated ROS-modulated JNK and p38 pathways. On the other hand, N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS inhibitor, attenuated PPVI-triggered effects. Furthermore, JNK and p38 inhibitors ameliorated PPVI-triggered autophagy and apoptosis in glioma cells. In vivo assays showed that PPVI inhibited tumor growth of U87 cell line in nude mice. Conclusion Overall, these data suggested that PPVI might be an effective therapeutic agent for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
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