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Cai J, Xiao L, Liu J, Wang D, Zhou Y, Liao Z, Chen G. BPIFB1, Serving as a Downstream Effector of EBV-miR-BART4, Blocks Immune Escape of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10719-3. [PMID: 38467887 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors of head and neck in the Southeast Asia. PD-L1-dependent immune escape plays a critical role involved in NPC development. BPIFB1 has previously reported to take tumor-suppressive actions on NPC cell proliferation and migration. Nonetheless, the function of BPIFB1 in immune escape remains largely elusive. Expression pattern on mRNA and protein levels of target genes in NPC patients' samples and cell lines were examined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. The assessment of CD8+ T-cell apoptosis and expression was determined by flow cytometry. Molecular interactions were verified using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay. BPIFB1 was downregulated in NPC tumor tissues, exhibiting a negative correlation of PD-L1. Overexpression of BPIFB1 significantly inhibited the expression of PD-L1, suppressing the apoptosis and enhancing the expression of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, BPIFB1 was found to repress the expression of STAT1, which was identified to be an upstream activator of PD-L1. Furthermore, the EBV-encoded miR-BART4 overexpressed in NPC cells could directly target and inhibit BPIFB1. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism for the upstream and downstream pathway of BPIFB1 related with immune escape, indicating a novel approach for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaodi Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Yang F, Li X, Li Y, Lei H, Du Q, Yu X, Li L, Zhao Y, Xie L, Lin M. Histogram analysis of quantitative parameters from synthetic MRI: correlations with prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5344-5354. [PMID: 37036478 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation between histogram parameters derived from synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) and prognostically relevant factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS Fifty-nine consecutive NPC patients were prospectively enrolled. Quantitative parameters (T1, T2, and proton density (PD)) were obtained by outlining the three-dimensional volume of interest (VOI) of all lesions. Then, histogram analysis of these quantitative parameters was performed and the correlations with prognostically relevant factors were assessed. By choosing appropriate cutoff, we divided the sample into two groups. Independent-samples t test/Mann-Whitney U test was used and ROC curve analysis was further processed. RESULTS Histogram parameters of the T1, T2, and PD maps were positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression levels, and PD_mean was the most representative parameter (AUC: 0.861). The PD map exhibited good performance in differentiating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression levels (AUC: 0.706~0.732) and histological type (AUC: 0.650~0.660). T2_minimum was highest correlated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels (r = - 0.419), and PD_75th percentile exhibited the highest performance in distinguishing positive and negative EBV DNA groups (AUC: 0.721). T1_minimum was statistically correlated with EA-IgA expression (r = - 0.313). Additionally, several histogram parameters were negatively correlated with tumor stage (T stage: r = - 0.259 ~ - 0.301; N stage: r = - 0.348 ~ - 0.456; clinical stage: r = - 0.419). CONCLUSIONS Histogram parameters of SyMRI could reflect tissue intrinsic characteristics and showed potential value in assessing the Ki-67 and EGFR expression levels, histological type, EBV DNA level, EA-IgA, and tumor stage. KEY POINTS • SyMRI combined with histogram analysis may help clinicians to assess different prognostic factor statuses in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. • The PD map exhibited good discriminating performance in the Ki-67 and EGFR expression levels. • Histogram parameters of SyMRI were negatively correlated with EBV-related blood biomarkers and TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huizi Lei
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoduo Yu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lizhi Xie
- MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Wang F, Li X, Li C. Mitochondrial non-coding RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Clinical diagnosis and functional analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1162332. [PMID: 37035732 PMCID: PMC10076541 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1162332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer with high incidence in Southeast Asia. Despite advances in treatment, the diagnosis of NPC remains a challenge due to its non-specific symptoms and high rate of false negatives. In this study, we aimed to identify novel non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as diagnostic biomarkers for NPC. Mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (mtio-ncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in regulating various cellular processes. However, their specific functions and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods: We investigated the expression and biological function of mtio-ncRNAs in the human NPC cell line C666-1. By using high-throughput sequencing, we identified several significantly expressed mtio-ncRNAs in C666-1 cells and analyzed their target genes and enriched pathways using tsRFUN. Results: Our results showed that these significantly expressed mtio-ncRNAs mainly enriched in Cancer Gene Neighborhoods and targeted genes GCM1 and ACTG1. To validate the bioinformatics predictions, we synthesized two mtio-ncRNAs, t00846456 and t00048674, and transfected them into C666-1 cells. Our results showed that the expression of GCM1 was significantly increased by transfection of t00846456, while the expression of ACTG1 was significantly increased by transfection of t0048674. Additionally, the migration ability of the transfected cells was also enhanced. Discussion: Our findings provide novel insights into the biological functions of mtio-ncRNAs and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Chen E, Huang J, Chen M, Wu J, Ouyang P, Wang X, Shi D, Liu Z, Zhu W, Sun H, Yang S, Zhang B, Deng W, Qiu H, Xie F. FLI1 regulates radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through TIE1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:134. [PMID: 36814284 PMCID: PMC9945741 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy resistance is the main cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which leads to poor prognosis. It is urgent to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying radiotherapy resistance. METHODS RNA-seq analysis was applied to five paired progressive disease (PD) and complete response (CR) NPC tissues. Loss-and gain-of-function assays were used for oncogenic function of FLI1 both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analysis, ChIP assays and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the interaction between FLI1 and TIE1. Gene expression with clinical information from tissue microarray of NPC were analyzed for associations between FLI1/TIE1 expression and NPC prognosis. RESULTS FLI1 is a potential radiosensitivity regulator which was dramatically overexpressed in the patients with PD to radiotherapy compared to those with CR. FLI1 induced radiotherapy resistance and enhanced the ability of DNA damage repair in vitro, and promoted radiotherapy resistance in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that FLI1 upregulated the transcription of TIE1 by binding to its promoter, thus activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A decrease in TIE1 expression restored radiosensitivity of NPC cells. Furthermore, NPC patients with high levels of FLI1 and TIE1 were correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our study has revealed that FLI1 regulates radiotherapy resistance of NPC through TIE1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting the FLI1/TIE1 signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Miao Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Puyun Ouyang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Zhiqiao Liu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Wancui Zhu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Haohui Sun
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Baoyu Zhang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Fangyun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Li W, Duan X, Chen X, Zhan M, Peng H, Meng Y, Li X, Li XY, Pang G, Dou X. Immunotherapeutic approaches in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079515. [PMID: 36713430 PMCID: PMC9875085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first tumor virus in humans. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) accounts for approximately 60% of the 200,000 new tumor cases caused by EBV infection worldwide each year. NPC has an insidious onset and is highly malignant, with more than 70% of patients having intermediate to advanced disease at the time of initial diagnosis, and is strongly implicated in epithelial cancers as well as malignant lymphoid and natural killer/T cell lymphomas. Over 90% of patients with confirmed undifferentiated NPC are infected with EBV. In recent decades, much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of NPC and developing therapeutic approaches. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatment options for NPC; however, they have a limited efficacy in patients with locally advanced or distant metastatic tumors. Tumor immunotherapy, including vaccination, adoptive cell therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade, represents a promising therapeutic approach for NPC. Significant breakthroughs have recently been made in the application of immunotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC (RM-NPC), indicating a broad prospect for NPC immunotherapy. Here, we review important research findings regarding immunotherapy for NPC patients and provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaobing Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Haichuan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,Department of R&D, OriCell Therapeutics Co. Ltd, Pudong, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohui Dou, ; Guofu Pang, ; Xian-Yang Li,
| | - Guofu Pang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohui Dou, ; Guofu Pang, ; Xian-Yang Li,
| | - Xiaohui Dou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,Health Management Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohui Dou, ; Guofu Pang, ; Xian-Yang Li,
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Alherabi AZ, Simsim RF, Alsayed SH, Alharthi AS, Marglani O. Shoulder Metastasis: A Rare Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Presentation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2022; 23:e938123. [PMID: 36441668 PMCID: PMC9716237 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.938123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignant tumor that arises from the mucosal lining epithelium of the nasopharynx, most commonly at the lateral nasopharyngeal recess or fossa of Rosenmüller. According to global age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), in 2018 the incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma varied from 2.1 to 0.4 per 100 000 in Asia and Europe, respectively. The number of deaths exceeded 50 000. It is one of the few head and neck tumors prone to distant metastasis, most commonly to bones, lung, and liver. CASE REPORT In this case report, we present a rare case in which a 23-year-old male patient presented to our head and neck clinic. The patient presented initially to the orthopedic clinic with a right humeral mass lesion 10 cm with history of pain for the last 7 months. A Tru-Cut biopsy confirmed metastatic NPC. A nasopharyngeal biopsy further revealed his lesion to be an NPC undifferentiated type III. The patient was diagnosed with a T3 N2b M1 stage tumor and he was treated with chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS NPCs that present with a shoulder/humoral metastasis are very rare clinically. We are presenting this case to increase the awareness of the Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, Orthopedic, and Oncology community of such a rare presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Z. Alherabi
- Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) – Head & Neck Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia,Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) – Head & Neck Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding Author: Ameen Z. Alherabi, e-mail:
| | - Rehab F. Simsim
- Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) – Head & Neck Surgery, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha H. Alsayed
- Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) – Head & Neck Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S. Alharthi
- Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) – Head & Neck Surgery, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Marglani
- Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) – Head & Neck Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia,Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) – Head & Neck Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct from other cancers of the head and neck in biology, epidemiology, histology, natural history, and response to treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of locoregional treatment of non-disseminated disease and the association of chemotherapy improves the rates of survival. In the case of metastatic disease stages, treatment requires platinum/gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and patients may achieve a long survival time.
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Zhao Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Li Z. CircTMTC1 contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through targeting miR-495-MET-eIF4G1 translational regulation axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:250. [PMID: 35301291 PMCID: PMC8930977 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common primary malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of nasopharynx. CircTMTC1 is upregulated in NPC patients, but its role and molecular mechanism in NPC are unknown. Normal nasopharyngeal epithelium and tumor tissues were collected. The expression of circTMTC1, miR-495, MET/eIF4G1 pathway-related molecules were examined. Colony formation and transwell assays were used to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Gene interaction was examined by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and luciferase activity assays. Subcutaneous and intravenous xenograft mouse models were established to analyze NPC growth and metastasis in vivo. CircTMTC1 was highly expressed and miR-495 was downregulated in NPC, which were associated with poor prognosis of NPC. Both circTMTC1 knockdown and miR-495 overexpression inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted cell apoptosis. CircTMTC1 directly targeted miR-495 to promote the expression of its downstream target gene MET. miR-495 knockdown enhanced the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and survivin and accelerated NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT through targeting MET and activating the MET-eIF4G1 axis. CircTMTC1 silence inhibited NPC growth and lung metastasis by targeting the miR-495-MET-eIF4G1 translational regulation axis in vivo. CircTMTC1 accelerates NPC progression through targeting miR-495 and consequently activating the MET-eIF4G1 translational regulation axis, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhanzhan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
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He H, Lin K, Zou C, Pan J, Fu W, Zhou Y, Lin H, Chen C, Su Y. Knockdown of Annexin A2 Enhances Radiosensitivity by Increasing G2/M-Phase Arrest, Apoptosis and Activating the p38 MAPK-HSP27 Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:769544. [PMID: 35371986 PMCID: PMC8968728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.769544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) has been found to be involved in cancer proliferation, metastasis and prognosis; however, its exact role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radioresistance remains unknown. We found that ANXA2 expression was correlated with prognosis in NPC patients, and longer overall survival in NPC patients with low ANXA2 expression than those with high ANXA2 expression. ANXA2 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity in radioresistant NPC cells, and ANXA2 overexpression decreased the radiosensitivity in NPC cells. Knocking-down ANXA2 expression increased the irradiation-induced apoptosis of radioresistant NPC cells, and ANXA2 overexpression decreased the irradiation-induced apoptosis of NPC cells. ANXA2 knockdown induced G2/M phase arrest in NPC cells post-irradiation, and ANXA2 overexpression abrogated G2/M phase arrest in NPC cells post-irradiation. ANXA2 overexpression resulted in inhibition of the p38 MAPK-HSP27 pathway, while ANXA2 knockdown resulted in activation of the p38 MAPK-HSP27 pathway. In addition, ANXA2 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of the xenografted tumors in nude mice. Our data demonstrate that knockdown of Annexin A2 enhanced radiosensitivity in NPC by increasing G2/M-phase arrest, apoptosis and activating the p38 MAPK-HSP27 pathway. ANXA2 may be a promising target used to overcome radioresistance in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocong He
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Keyu Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyan Zou
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianru Pan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wankai Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huamei Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Su
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Su,
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Wang H, Lin H, Zhang T, Jia H. Matrine Intensifies the Sensitivity of Cisplatin in NPC Cells via mTOR-Mediated Autophagy. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.388.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Li X, Peng X, Zhao S, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ai P. Combined Association of Tumoral PD-L1 Expression and Pretreatment Presence of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA With Risk Stratification and Prognosis of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:791411. [PMID: 35117994 PMCID: PMC8804341 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.791411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about whether the combination of tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and pretreatment EBV DNA status can help stratify nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients by risk of metastasis or predict prognosis. Methods PD-L1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemical staining of 78 non-keratinizing NPC patients with clinical data. Survival outcomes and independent prognostic factors were identified. Results Seventy-eight patients were included, high PD-L1 expression was observed in 25 of 43 patients (58%) with metastasis, while it was observed only in 7 of 35 patients (20%) without metastasis. Multivariate analyses showed that progression-free survival (PFS) was independently predicted by tumoral PD-L1 expression and pretreatment EBV DNA status. When combining, 93.75% patients with high PD-L1 and EBV infection developed distant metastasis, and those patients were associated with worse PFS. Conclusions Both PD-L1 expression and pretreatment EBV DNA are closely related to metastasis and prognosis of NPC patients. Their combination can facilitate risk stratification and prognosis prediction, which may improve disease treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Head & Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Ai
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Head & Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Ai,
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12
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The Role of Genetic Pathways in the Development of Chemoradiation Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111835. [PMID: 34828441 PMCID: PMC8619242 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains elusive despite new developments and advancement that has been made in the current management approaches. A patient’s survival and prognosis remain dismal especially for a late-stage disease. This is highly attribute to the chemoradiation resistance. Arrays of genes and molecular mechanisms underlie the development of chemoradiation resistance in NPC. Imperatively, unravelling the true pathogenesis of chemoradiation resistance is crucial as these significant proteins and genes can be modulated to produce an effective therapeutic target. It is pivotal to identify the chemoradiation resistance at the very beginning in order to combat the chemoradiation resistance efficiently. Intense research in the genetic ecosphere is critical, as the discovery and development of novel therapeutic targets can be used for screening, diagnosis, and treating the chemoradiation resistance aggressively. This will escalate the management trajectory of NPC patients. This article highlights the significance of genetic and molecular factors that play critical roles in the chemoradiation resistance and how these factors may be modified for next-generation targeted therapy products.
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13
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Kumbar VM, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG, Shwetha HR, Kugaji MS, Peram MR, Dindawar S. Cancer Stem Cell Traits in Tumor Spheres Derived from Primary Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:247-254. [PMID: 34759681 PMCID: PMC8525812 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_252_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer stem cells (CSCs) belong to a subpopulation of undifferentiated cells present within tumors that have the potential to regenerate, differentiate, maintenance of pluripotency, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an innate host. These can influence the growth and behavior of these tumors and are used to investigate the initiation, progression, and treatment strategies of laryngeal cancer. Research on CSC science and targeted therapies were hinge on their isolation and/or enrichment procedures. The object of the study is to isolate cancer stem cells from primary laryngeal carcinoma (CSCPLC) by tumor spheres enrichment. We checked the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Materials and Methods We performed tumor sphere formation assay (primary, secondary, and tertiary) chemotherapy resistance by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were performed to evaluate the CSC cells. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+, CD44+) and gene expression of stem cell markers for CD133+, CD44+, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG was done using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results We were able to isolated CSC subpopulations from PLC cell lines by the tumor sphere method. These cells exhibited good primary, secondary, and tertiary tumor sphere formation efficiency and also disclosed a resistant index of more than 2. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+ and CD44+) confirms the presence of CSC. There was significantly higher mRNA expression of stem cell markers in CSC enriched subpopulations compared to the parental cell lines. Conclusion We conclude that tumor spheres enrichment is an efficient, economical, and reliable approach for the isolation and characterization of CSC from PLC cell lines. These cells demonstrated the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mahadev Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Uday M Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India
| | - H R Shwetha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's N. G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Dindawar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maratha Mandal's N. G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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14
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Zhang YJ, Mu ZL, Deng P, Liang YD, Wu LC, Yang LL, Zhou Z, Yu ZP. 8-Formylophiopogonanone B induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1052-1063. [PMID: 34733490 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. It is very important to find drugs with high efficiency, low toxicity, and low side effects for the treatment of cancer. Flavonoids and their derivatives with broad biological functions have been recognized as anti-tumor chemicals. 8-Formylophiopogonanone B (8-FOB), a naturally existed homoisoflavonoids with rarely known biological functions, needs pharmacological evaluation. In order to explore the possible anti-tumor action of 8-FOB, we used six types of tumor cells to evaluate in vitro effects of this agent on cell viability and tested the effects on clone formation ability, scratching wound-healing, and apoptosis. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of pharmacological action, we examined 8-FOB-induced intracellular oxidative stress and -disrupted mitochondrial function. Results suggested that 8-FOB could suppress tumor cell viability, inhibit cell migration and invasion, induce apoptosis, and elicit intracellular ROS production. Among these six types of tumor cells, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells were the most sensitive cancer cells to 8-FOB treatment. Intracellular ROS production played a pivotal role in the anti-tumor action of 8-FOB. Our present study is the first to document that 8-FOB has anti-tumor activity in vitro and increases intracellular ROS production, which might be responsible for its anti-tumor action. The anti-tumor pharmacological effect of 8-FOB is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Zhang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Mu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Dan Liang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Chuan Wu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, and Department of Emergency Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ping Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
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15
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Chen X, Liang R, Lai L, Chen K, Zhu X. Prognostic Role of EGFR/p-EGFR in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697369. [PMID: 34490092 PMCID: PMC8417403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate prognostic significance of EGFR/p-EGFR expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Literatures published before November 2020 were systematically searched in relevant databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan fang databases. STATA 13 statistical software was used to analyze the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by I2. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. The potential publication bias was assessed using both Egger's and Begg's tests. Results A total of 20 literatures with 1545 patients were included for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results suggested that high expression of EGFR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24-3.15, P = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.87-3.56, P = 0.000). However, it was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.90-3.82, P = 0.09) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.73-2.67, P = 0.319). The subgroup analysis indicated that patients with EGFR high expression in studies of higher TNM stage (III-IV) ratio had significantly poor OS (HR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.09-4.73, P = 0.03), but heterogeneity existed in studies (I2 = 95.1%, P = 0.000). Sensitivity analyses revealed that EGFR expression did not significantly affect OS by an individual study solely, indicating there was inherent heterogeneity in OS cohorts. There was no significant heterogeneity among eight studies in the DFS cohorts (I2 = 0%, P = 0.606). There was significant heterogeneity between EGFR expression and DMFS (I2 = 82.8%, P = 0.000). Sub-group analysis in differentiated carcinoma demonstrated a smaller heterogeneity (I2 = 33.2%). In addition, p-EGFR high expression had no significant correlation with OS (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.88-1.14, P = 0.982) and DMFS (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.96-1.52, P = 0.112). The heterogeneity among p-EGFR and OS studies was small (I2 = 21%, P = 0.26). There was no significant heterogeneity in the DMFS cohorts (I2 = 0%, P = 0.497). Conclusion EGFR high-expression was significantly associated with poor OS and DFS, which may serve as a prognostic predictor for nasopharyngeal cancer. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [number CRD42021258457].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Renba Liang
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Lai
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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16
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Yi C, Lai SL, Tsang CM, Artemenko M, Shuen Tang MK, Pang SW, Lo KW, Tsao SW, Wong AST. A three-dimensional spheroid-specific role for Wnt-β-catenin and Eph-ephrin signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271163. [PMID: 34338780 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest unmet needs hindering the successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) is for representative physiological and cost-effective models. Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is consistently present in NPCs, most studies have focused on EBV-negative NPCs. For the first time, we established and analyzed three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models of EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC cells and compared these to classical two-dimensional (2D) cultures in various aspects of tumor phenotype and drug responses. Compared to 2D monolayers, the 3D spheroids showed significant increases in migration capacity, stemness characteristics, hypoxia and drug resistance. Co-culture with endothelial cells, which mimics essential interactions in the tumor microenvironment, effectively enhanced spheroid dissemination. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed significant changes at the transcriptional level in 3D spheroids compared to expression in 2D monolayers. In particular, we identified known (VEGF, AKT and mTOR) and novel (Wnt-β-catenin and Eph-ephrin) cell signaling pathways that are activated in NPC spheroids. Targeting these pathways in 3D spheroids using FDA-approved drugs was effective in monoculture and co-culture. These findings provide the first demonstration of the establishment of EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC 3D spheroids with features that resemble advanced and metastatic NPCs. Furthermore, we show that NPC spheroids have potential use in identifying new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhui Yi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sook Ling Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Margarita Artemenko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Maggie Kei Shuen Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Stella W Pang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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17
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Zhang YM, Kang YF, Zeng JJ, Li L, Gao JM, Liu LZ, Shi LR, Liao WH. Surface-Based Falff: A Potential Novel Biomarker for Prediction of Radiation Encephalopathy in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:692575. [PMID: 34349618 PMCID: PMC8326829 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.692575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation encephalopathy (RE) is an important potential complication in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who undergo radiotherapy (RT) that can affect the quality of life. However, a functional imaging biomarker of pre-symptomatic RE has not yet been established. This study aimed to assess radiation-induced gray matter functional alterations and explore fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) as an imaging biomarker for predicting or diagnosing RE in patients with NPC. A total of 60 patients with NPC were examined, 21 in the pre-RT cohort and 39 in the post-RT cohort. Patients in the post-RT cohort were further divided into two subgroups according to the occurrence of RE in follow-up: post-RT non-RE (n = 21) and post-RT REproved infollow-up (n = 18). Surface-based and volume-based fALFF were used to detect radiation-induced functional alterations. Functional derived features were then adopted to construct a predictive model for the diagnosis of RE. We observed that surface-based fALFF could sensitively detect radiation-induced functional alterations in the intratemporal brain regions (such as the hippocampus and superior temporal gyrus), as well as the extratemporal regions (such as the insula and prefrontal lobe); however, no significant intergroup differences were observed using volume-based fALFF. No significant correlation between fALFF and radiation dose to the ipsilateral temporal lobe was observed. Support vector machine (SVM) analysis revealed that surface-based fALFF in the bilateral superior temporal gyri and left insula exhibited impressive performance (accuracy = 80.49%) in identifying patients likely to develop RE. We conclude that surface-based fALFF may serve as a sensitive imaging biomarker in the prediction of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Fei Kang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhi Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Rong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Hua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Li M, Peng F, Wang G, Liang X, Shao M, Chen Z, Chen Y. Coupling of Cell Surface Biotinylation and SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomics Identified Myoferlin as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621810. [PMID: 34178975 PMCID: PMC8219959 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is a major cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Cell surface proteins represent attractive targets for cancer diagnosis or therapy. However, the cell surface proteins associated with NPC metastasis are poorly understood. To identify potential therapeutic targets for NPC metastasis, we isolated cell surface proteins from two isogenic NPC cell lines, 6-10B (low metastatic) and 5-8F (highly metastatic), through cell surface biotinylation. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) based proteomics was applied to comprehensively characterize the cell surface proteins related with the metastatic phenotype. We identified 294 differentially expressed cell surface proteins, including the most upregulated protein myoferlin (MYOF), two receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) and several integrin family molecules. These differentially expressed proteins are enriched in multiple biological pathways such as the FAK-PI3K-mTOR pathway, focal adhesions, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. The knockdown of MYOF effectively suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that MYOF is associated with NPC metastasis. We experimentally confirmed, for the first time, that MYOF can interact with EGFR and EPHA2. Moreover, MYOF knockdown could influence not only EGFR activity and its downstream epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), but also EPHA2 ligand-independent activity. These findings suggest that MYOF might be an attractive potential therapeutic target that has double effects of simultaneously influencing EGFR and EPHA2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this is the first study to profile the cell surface proteins associated with NPC metastasis and provide valuable resource for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and College of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Li C, Duan J. Effect of high-quality nursing intervention on psychological emotion, life quality and nursing satisfaction of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4928-4938. [PMID: 34150077 PMCID: PMC8205684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effect of high-quality nursing (HQN) intervention on psychological emotion, quality of life (QOL) and nursing satisfaction of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS Fifty-eight NPC patients receiving radiotherapy in our hospital between August 2017 and February 2019 were selected and divided into two groups according to different nursing intervention models. Among them, the control group (CG; 28 cases) was given routine nursing intervention, while the research group (RG; 30 cases) was treated with HQN intervention. The efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions of the two groups were evaluated. Health knowledge awareness rate, psychological mood, QOL, sleep quality and nursing satisfaction were compared between CG and RG. RESULTS RG presented significantly higher efficacy and notably lower incidence of adverse reactions than CG after 3 months of nursing intervention. Patients in RG acquired evidently higher knowledge awareness rate regarding radiotherapy, dietary, adverse reaction prevention, self-care and functional exercise than those in RG (P < 0.05). In comparison with CG, the scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) as well as Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in RG were evidently lower, while the Short-Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36) scores and nursing satisfaction were statistically higher. CONCLUSIONS HQN intervention is high-performing in NPC patients undergoing radiotherapy, which can effectively improve the curative effect, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, enhance patients' health knowledge awareness rate while relieving their bad emotions and improving their QOL, sleep quality and nursing satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianyu Duan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Liaocheng People's Hospital Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
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20
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He H, Zhang L, Lin K, Huang Z, Zhou Y, Lin S, Su Y, Pan J. The Prognosis Value of PSPC1 Expression in Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3281-3291. [PMID: 33883941 PMCID: PMC8053714 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1) is overexpressed in various cancer and correlated with poor survival in the patients. However, little is known about its expression and role in the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). The purpose of this study is to examine PSPC1 expression in NPC and explore its role in clinical prognosis of radiation therapy. Methods The association of PSPC1 expression with clinicopathological features of 109 NPC patients was examined using partial correlation analysis. Cancer tissues were obtained prior to clinical treatment. All cases were diagnosed and pathologically confirmed to be poorly differentiated or undifferentiated NPC without distant metastasis. The patients were then treated with radiation and followed-up. Survival analysis was performed. Results Partial correlation analysis revealed that the PSPC1 expression in NPC was correlated with N classification, recurrence, prognosis and radiosensitivity in NPC patients, but not with the gender, age, pathohistological pattern, clinical stage, and T classification. The overexpression of PSPC1 was detected in 64 samples (58.72%). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the overall survival (OS) was longer in NPC patients with PSPC1 low expression than that in those with PSPC1 high expression. Moreover, patients with the overexpression of PSPC1 had a low progression-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rate, compared to those who had a low expression of PSPC1. Although not statistically significant, patients with high expression of PSPC1 had a lower locoregional recurrence-free survival rate than those with low expression, and the curves between the two groups was well separated. Conclusion PSPC1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis for NPC, which might be a novel useful biomarker to predict the response of NPC to radiation therapy and its clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocong He
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyu Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Su
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianru Pan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
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Looi CK, Hii LW, Chung FFL, Mai CW, Lim WM, Leong CO. Roles of Inflammasomes in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1786. [PMID: 33918087 PMCID: PMC8069343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is recognised as one of the causative agents in most nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases. Expression of EBV viral antigens can induce host's antiviral immune response by activating the inflammasomes to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. These cytokines are known to be detrimental to a wide range of virus-infected cells, in which they can activate an inflammatory cell death program, called pyroptosis. However, aberrant inflammasome activation and production of its downstream cytokines lead to chronic inflammation that may contribute to various diseases, including NPC. In this review, we summarise the roles of inflammasomes during viral infection, how EBV evades inflammasome-mediated immune response, and progress into tumourigenesis. The contrasting roles of inflammasomes in cancer, as well as the current therapeutic approaches used in targeting inflammasomes, are also discussed in this review. While the inflammasomes appear to have dual roles in carcinogenesis, there are still many questions that remain unanswered. In particular, the exact molecular mechanism responsible for the regulation of the inflammasomes during carcinogenesis of EBV-associated NPC has not been explored thoroughly. Furthermore, the current practical application of inflammasome inhibitors is limited to specific tumour types, hence, further studies are warranted to discover the potential of targeting the inflammasomes for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin King Looi
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE), International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organisation, CEDEX 08 Lyon, France;
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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22
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Wu W, Jiang G, Xu Z, Wang R, Pan A, Gao M, Yu T, Huang L, Quan Q, Li J. Three-dimensional pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlations with Ki-67 proliferation status. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:1394-1405. [PMID: 33816177 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Recurrence and distant metastasis are still the main problems affecting the long-term prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, and may be related to the Ki-67 proliferation status. We therefore explored the potential correlation between Ki-67 proliferation status in NPC with the parameters derived from two imaging techniques: three-dimensional pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (3D pCASL) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). Methods Thirty-six patients with pathologically confirmed NPC were included, and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was measured by immunohistochemistry. All patients underwent plain and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), IVIM, and 3D pCASL examination. The mean, maximum, and minimum of blood flow (BF), minimum of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) parameters were all measured, and Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between these parameters and the Ki-67 LI. According to the Ki-67 values, the patients were divided into two groups: high (>50%) and low (≤50%). The rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U test) was then used to compare the differences in quantitative parameters between the high and low Ki-67 groups. Results Ki-67 LI was positively correlated with BFmean and BFmax (r=0.415 and 0.425). D*mean and D*min did have positive correlation with Ki-67, but this was not significant (P=0.082 and 0.072). BFmax was significantly different between the high and low Ki-67 groups (P=0.028). Conclusions 3D pCASL and IVIM are noninvasive functional MR perfusion imaging techniques that can evaluate perfusion information and perfusion parameters. Our study suggests that 3D pCASL is more effective than IVIM for assessing the proliferation status of NPC, which is beneficial for evaluating the prognosis of patients. Furthermore, BFmax is the best biomarker for distinguishing high from low Ki-67 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Minimally Invasive Center, Tumor hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aizhen Pan
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Mingyong Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Linwen Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Qiang Quan
- Nasopharyngeal Radiotherapy Department 2, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Pathology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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23
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A practical method to screen and identify functioning biomarkers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7294. [PMID: 33790390 PMCID: PMC8012388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy, with the unique geographical and ethnically characteristics of distribution. Gene chip and bioinformatics have been employed to reveal regulatory mechanisms in current functional genomics. However, a practical solution addressing the unresolved aspects of microarray data processing and analysis have been long pursuit. This study developed a new method to improve the accuracy of identifying key biomarkers, namely Unit Gamma Measurement (UGM), accounting for multiple hypotheses test statistics distribution, which could reduce the dependency problem. Three mRNA expression profile of NPC were selected to feed UGM. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with UGM and hub genes were derived from them to explore their association with NPC using functional enrichment and pathway analysis. 47 potential DEGs were identified by UGM from the 3 selected datasets, and affluent in cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, cilium movement, extracellular exosome etc. also participate in ECM-receptor interaction, chemical carcinogenesis, TNF signaling pathway, small cell lung cancer and mismatch repair pathway. Down-regulation of CAPS and WFDC2 can prolongation of the overall survival periods in the patients. ARMC4, SERPINB3, MUC4 etc. have a close relationship with NPC. The UGM is a practical method to identify NPC-associated genes and biomarkers.
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24
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Gong L, Kwong DLW, Dai W, Wu P, Li S, Yan Q, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Fang X, Liu L, Luo M, Liu B, Chow LKY, Chen Q, Huang J, Lee VHF, Lam KO, Lo AWI, Chen Z, Wang Y, Lee AWM, Guan XY. Comprehensive single-cell sequencing reveals the stromal dynamics and tumor-specific characteristics in the microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1540. [PMID: 33750785 PMCID: PMC7943808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) harbors a heterogeneous and dynamic stromal population. A comprehensive understanding of this tumor-specific ecosystem is necessary to enhance cancer diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis. However, recent advances based on bulk RNA sequencing remain insufficient to construct an in-depth landscape of infiltrating stromal cells in NPC. Here we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to 66,627 cells from 14 patients, integrated with clonotype identification on T and B cells. We identify and characterize five major stromal clusters and 36 distinct subpopulations based on genetic profiling. By comparing with the infiltrating cells in the non-malignant microenvironment, we report highly representative features in the TME, including phenotypic abundance, genetic alternations, immune dynamics, clonal expansion, developmental trajectory, and molecular interactions that profoundly influence patient prognosis and therapeutic outcome. The key findings are further independently validated in two single-cell RNA sequencing cohorts and two bulk RNA-sequencing cohorts. In the present study, we reveal the correlation between NPC-specific characteristics and progression-free survival. Together, these data facilitate the understanding of the stromal landscape and immune dynamics in NPC patients and provides deeper insights into the development of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingan Wu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaona Fang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beilei Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Larry Ka-Yue Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Wing-Ip Lo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Nurhidayat AA, Afiati A, Usman HA, Hernowo BS. The Role of Cyclin D1 and VEGF in Radiotherapy Response of Advance Stage Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i4.24554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence and mortality rate in Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Radioresistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. DNA repair in the cell cycle and angiogenesis factors affects the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy. Cyclin D1 that functions in the cell cycle process and VEGF as an angiogenesis factor are considered to play a role in the occurrence of radioresistance. The objective of this study is to find the association between immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF with radiotherapy response in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study used a retrospective case control analysis design, secondary data from medical records of patients diagnosed as undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received complete radiotherapy at the Radiation Oncology Department Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung were taken. There were 44 samples divided into radiosensitive (22 samples) and radioresistant (22 samples) groups. Immunohistochemical examination of Cyclin D1 and VEGF was performed on paraffin blocks of patients' biopsy. Data analysis using Chi-Square test (p ≤0.05) , OR 95% CI. Cyclin D1 expressed strongly in 86.4% of the radioresistant group and 59.1% in the radiosensitive group (p<0.05) and the OR 4,385 (0.993-19.356), VEGF was strongly expressed in 77.3% of the radioresistant group and 54.5% in the radiosensitive group (p>0.05). As conclusion, there were significant association between Cyclin D1 with radiotherapy respons in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The stronger immunoexpression of Cyclin D1, the higher likelihood of radioresistancy. VEGF immunoexpression showed no significant association with radiotherapy response.
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26
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Lin L, Liu X, Lv B. Long non-coding RNA MEG3 promotes autophagy and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via PTEN up-regulation by binding to microRNA-21. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:61-72. [PMID: 33332708 PMCID: PMC7810935 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been highlighted as attractive markers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as new therapeutic targets in multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we attempted to investigate the underlying regulatory role of the lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in NPC development. As determined by RT-qPCR, MEG3 expression was down-regulated in NPC cells. Online RNA crosstalk analysis predicted the binding of miR-21 to MEG3 and PTEN, respectively. MEG3 was validated to bind to miR-21 while PTEN was identified as a target of miR-21 by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Exogenous transfection was done to change the levels of MEG3, miR-21 and PTEN in HK-1 cells to investigate their effects on the autophagy and apoptosis of NPC cells. The results suggested that MEG3 overexpression in HK-1 cells up-regulated PTEN and down-regulated miR-21, by which MEG3 further inhibited autophagy and apoptosis ability of NPC cells. The tumour formation ability was tested after injecting the HK-1 cells into nude, mice and tumour growth was monitored. Consistently, MEG3 overexpression inhibited the tumour formation in vivo. Collectively, MEG3 promotes the autophagy and apoptosis of NPC cells via enhancing PTEN expression by binding to miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Lin
- Otolaryngological DepartmentLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiPR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Psychology DepartmentLinyi Rongjun HospitalLinyiPR China
| | - Baotao Lv
- Radiology DepartmentLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiPR China
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27
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Liu F, Chen B, Chen W, Chen S, Ma D, Xie M. Preparation of FA-targeted magnetic nanocomposites co-loading TFPI-2 plasmid and cis-platinum and its targeted therapy effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2355-2365. [PMID: 33967612 PMCID: PMC8100641 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) present with advanced-stage disease. The main treatment for these patients is concurrent chemoradiotherapy, which has various side effects. To improve the therapeutic effects and reduce the side effects of NPC chemoradiotherapy, we constructed a multifunctional folic acid (FA)-targeted magnetic nanocomposite codelivering tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) and cisplatin (CDDP). This novel nanocomposite (FA-MNP/CDDP/TFPI-2) was obtained by amidation and electrostatic adsorption between FA-methoxypolyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine (FA-MPEG-PEI) containing the TFPI-2 plasmid and magnetic nanoparticles modified by aldehyde sodium alginate loaded with CDDP. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the size of the individual magnetite particle core was approximately 11.5 nm. The structure and composition of the nanocomposites were identified and examined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. The fluorescence analysis, Prussian blue iron staining, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and whole-body fluorescence imaging results demonstrated that FA-MNP/CDDP/TFPI-2 showed high gene transfection efficiency and could target tumor cells via folate receptor (FR)-mediated delivery. The codelivery analysis showed that the obtained FA-MNP/CDDP/TFPI-2 composite could cause significantly more apoptosis than treatment with CDDP or TFPI-2 alone. The results showed that the FA-MNP/CDDP/TFPI-2 composites were successfully synthesized and indicated to be a specific molecular target for the FR with significant inhibitory effects on the growth of HNE-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bojie Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Shuaijun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering,Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Minqiang Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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28
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Figen M, Çolpan Öksüz D, Duman E, Prestwich R, Dyker K, Cardale K, Ramasamy S, Murray P, Şen M. Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Evaluation of Triggered Adaptive Replanning in Routine Practice. Front Oncol 2020; 10:579917. [PMID: 33282734 PMCID: PMC7690320 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.579917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose and Objective A proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) require ad hoc treatment re-planning. The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the patients who required ad hoc re-planning and to identify factors, which may predict need for re-planning. Materials and Methods A single center evaluation of all patients receiving radical or adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (CRT) for HNSCC between January and December 2016 was undertaken. Patients who underwent ad hoc re-planning during the treatment were identified in electronic records. Reasons for re-planning were categorized as: weight loss, tumor shrinkage, changes in patient position and immobilization-related factors. Potential trigger factors for adaptive radiotherapy such as patient characteristics, primary tumor site, stage, concomitant chemotherapy, weight loss ratios, radical/adjuvant treatment, and nutritional interventions were investigated. Results 31/290 (10.6%) HNSCC patients who underwent radical/adjuvant radiotherapy required re-planning. The adaptive radiotherapy (ART) was performed at a mean fraction of 15. The most common documented reasons for re-planning were tumor shrinkage (35.5%) and weight loss (35.5%). Among the patient/tumor/treatment factors, nasopharyngeal primary site (p = 0.013) and use of concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy (p = 0.034) were found to be significantly correlated with the need for re-planning. Conclusion Effective on-treatment verification schedules and close follow up of patients especially with NPC primary and/or treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy are crucial to identify patients requiring ART. We suggest an individualized triggered approach to ART rather than scheduled strategies as it is likely to be more feasible in terms of utilization of workload and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Figen
- Department of Radiation Oncology Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Çolpan Öksüz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Duman
- Department of Radiation Oncology Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Robin Prestwich
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Center, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Dyker
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Center, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Cardale
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Center, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Satiavani Ramasamy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Center, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Murray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Center, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mehmet Şen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Center, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Lin FJ, Lin XD, Xu LY, Zhu SQ. Long Noncoding RNA HOXA11-AS Modulates the Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells to Cisplatin via miR-454-3p/c-Met. Mol Cells 2020; 43:856-869. [PMID: 33115978 PMCID: PMC7604026 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of action of HOXA11-AS in modulating the cisplatin resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. HOXA11-AS and miR-454-3p expression in NPC tissue and cisplatin-resistant NPC cells were measured via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. NPC parental cells (C666-1 and HNE1) and cisplatin-resistant cells (C666-1/DDP and HNE1/DDP) were transfected and divided into different groups, after which the MTT method was used to determine the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of cells treated with different concentrations of cisplatin. Additionally, a clone formation assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to detect DDP-induced changes. Thereafter, xenograft mouse models were constructed to verify the in vitro results. Obviously elevated HOXA11-AS and reduced miR-454-3p were found in NPC tissue and cisplatin-resistant NPC cells. Compared to the control cells, cells in the si-HOXA11-AS group showed sharp decreases in cell viability and IC50, and these results were reversed in the miR-454-3p inhibitor group. Furthermore, HOXA11-AS targeted miR-454-3p, which further targeted c-Met. In comparison with cells in the control group, HNE1/DDP and C666-1/DDP cells in the si-HOXA11-AS group demonstrated fewer colonies, with an increase in the apoptotic rate, while the expression levels of c-Met, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR decreased. Moreover, the si-HOXA11-AS-induced enhancement in sensitivity to cisplatin was abolished by miR-454-3p inhibitor transfection. The in vivo experiment showed that DDP in combination with si-HOXA11-AS treatment could inhibit the growth of xenograft tumors. Silencing HOXA11-AS can inhibit the c-Met/AKT/mTOR pathway by specifically upregulating miR-454-3p, thus promoting cell apoptosis and enhancing the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant NPC cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Lin
- Department of Head & Neck Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xian-Dong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Lu-Ying Xu
- Department of Head & Neck Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Shi-Quan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
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Al-Rajhi N, Soudy H, Ahmed SA, Elhassan T, Mohammed SF, Khoja HA, Ghebeh H. CD3+T-lymphocyte infiltration is an independent prognostic factor for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:240. [PMID: 32199452 PMCID: PMC7227256 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) is a relatively rare disease in the west but more common in East Asia and areas of the Middle East like Saudi Arabia. Despite the advances in radiation therapy techniques, some patients relapse after treatment. In the coming era of cancer immunotherapy, prognostic factors for LA-NPC need to be further defined using immune-relevant markers. Several markers are available; however, the most robust and accessible/affordable marker is not well-defined. Methods Retrospectively, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), their subsets as well as tumoral PD-L1 expression were analyzed in tumor tissues from 63 LA-NPC patients treated with platinum-based concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in addition to 20 cases with metastatic (MET) disease. Immunostaining was done using a validated and fully automated system. Scoring was done by two independent pathologists and results were compared. Results There was no statistical difference between LA-NPC and MET disease in terms of CD3+, CD8+ TIL infiltration, or tumoral PD-L1 expression. In LA-NPC, low CD3+ TIL infiltration highly correlated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 8.5, p = < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, HR = 13, p = 0.015) with substantial agreement between scoring pathologists. A similar correlation was found between low CD8+ TIL and survival. Correlation of total TIL was significant with DFS (HR = 4.0, p = 0.008), borderline with OS and the correlation was dependent on the scoring pathologist. Having histological WHO type I&II correlated significantly with shorter DFS (HR 4.03, p = 0.008) and low CD3+ TIL (p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis of LA-NPC that included undifferentiated type (WHO type III) cases only (n = 58), showed a strong correlation between low CD3+ TIL and shorter DFS (HR = 7.2, p = < 0.001) and OS (HR = 17.3, p = 0.008). PD-L1 was expressed in 72% of type III LA-NPC cases while lacking PD-L1 expression correlated with shorter OS (HR = 6.1, p = 0.031). Patients with a combination of low CD3+ TIL and lack of PD-L1 expression had the worst OS (p < 0.001). Conclusions CD3+ TIL is promising as a robust and independent prognostic marker for DFS and OS of LA-NPC patients treated with platinum-based CCRT. We would suggest the use of CD3 + TIL as a stratifying factor for LA-NPC, which warrants further validation in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al-Rajhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Soudy
- Department of Medical Oncology at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Oncology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,St. George/Sutherland cancer Center, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shoaib A Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Leicester University Hospital UK, Leicester, UK
| | - Tusneem Elhassan
- Research Unit, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamayel F Mohammed
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim A Khoja
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Ghebeh
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO, Box 3354; Riyadh 11211; (MBC 03), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Rab25-Mediated EGFR Recycling Causes Tumor Acquired Radioresistance. iScience 2020; 23:100997. [PMID: 32252020 PMCID: PMC7132159 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor acquired radioresistance remains as the major limit in cancer radiotherapy (RT). Rab25, a receptor recycling protein, has been reported to be enhanced in tumors with aggressive phenotype and chemotherapy resistance. In this study, elevated Rab25 expression was identified in an array of radioresistant human cancer cell lines, in vivo radioresistant xenograft tumors. Clinical investigation confirmed that Rab25 expression was also associated with a worse prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Enhanced activities of EGFR were observed in both NPC and LUAD radioresistant cells. Rab25 interacts with EGFR to enhance EGFR recycling to cell surface and to decrease degradation in cytoplasm. Inhibition of Rab25 showed synergized radiosensitivity with reduced aggressive phenotype. This study provides the clinical and experimental evidence that Rab25 is a potential therapeutic target to alleviate the hyperactive EGFR signaling and to prevent RT-acquired tumor resistance in patients with LUAD and NPC.
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Xue K, Cao J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Yu D, Jin C, Xu C. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Gene Markers in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 13:265-274. [PMID: 31863646 PMCID: PMC7070980 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer found in the nasopharynx with high metastatic and invasive nature. Increasing evidences have identified the critical role of gene therapy in NPC treatment. Hence, this study was designed to identify specific gene markers that affected NPC progression through gene expression profile analysis. NPC‐related gene expression data set gene set enrichment (GSE)53819 were retrieved and analyzed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by determination of their expression in noncancerous tissues and NPC specimens. Next, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on DEGs to obtain tumor‐associated gene modules. Genes in those modules were intersected with DEGs for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analysis. Then protein‐protein interaction network of tumor‐associated genes was constructed to select genes most closely linked to NPC. Afterward, expression of chromosome 9 open reading frame 24 (c9orf24), primary ciliary dyskinesia protein 1 (PCDP1), and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing protein 46 (LRRC46) was detected in GSE53819 and further verified in GSE12452 and GSE64634. Differential analysis on GSE53819 found that 2,173 genes were aberrantly expressed in NPC, among which 917 genes are upregulated and 1,256 genes are downregulated. WGCNA showed that genes were enriched in 17 modules and 727 genes exhibited ectopic expression in NPC and enriched in cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, cytochrome P450, and chemical carcinogenesis signaling pathways, among which c9orf24, PCDP1, and LRRC46 were poorly expressed in NPC. Therefore, c9orf24, PCDP1, and LRRC46 might serve as prominent diagnostic markers for NPC, which presents new insights for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunshun Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengbi Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yao X, Gong G, Zuo G, Ren J, Su M, Yin Y. Study of the dose-volume parameters variation in tumor target volumes and organs at risk during nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy applying deformation registration. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2886-2892. [PMID: 35117046 PMCID: PMC8798161 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background During intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the volume of the target volume and the organs at risk (OARs) will change constantly, which may lead to differences between the actual dose received and the initial planned dose. In this study, the cumulative dose of the two plans was obtained by deformable registration. This study provides an approach to evaluate the dose volume of IMRT for the NPC objective. Methods From July 2014 to May 2018, eighteen NPC patients who accepted simultaneous integrated boost IMRT were enrolled. All patients underwent simulation CT (CT1) and replanning CT (CT2) scans after 20–25 fractions of radiation therapy. The treatment plans were designed on CT1 and CT2 with the name of Plan1 and Plan2, respectively. The Planreg and Plandef were obtained after registering from CT2 to CT1 using rigidity and deformation technology by Velocity. Then the dose-volume indices of the tumor target volumes and OARs at Plan1, Plan2, Planrig and Plandef were compared. Results The gross tumor volume (GTV) and the left and right parotid gland volumes decreased by 20.8% (P<0.001), 36.8% (P<0.001) and 37.5% (P<0.001), respectively, from CT1 to CT2. There was no significant difference in the dose-volume index on the GTV and plan gross tumor volume (PGTV) between Plan1 and Plan2. The V30 of the left and right parotid gland and the Dmax of the brainstem, left and right eyeballs, left and right lens, and left and right optic nerves were all lower in Plan2 than in Plan1 (the average decrease was 17.0% to 60.1%). The differences in some dose-volume parameters (including Dmean, D99 of the GTV and PGTV, Dmean of the parotid glands, Dmax of the lens and optic nerves) between Plandef and Plan1 were less than 5%. The differences in some dose-volume parameters (including Dmean, D95 of the GTV and PGTV, Dmean, D50 and V30 of the parotid glands, Dmax of lens and optic nerves) between Planrig and Plan1 were less than 10%. The Dyce Similarity Coefficient of the target volume and OARs after deformation registration were higher than that after rigid registration. Conclusions The volume of the GTV and parotid glands were decreased during the IMRT for NPC. The dose-volume indices of the GTV and the OARs in Plandef were similar to those in Plan1. Therefore, the dose-volume indices of Plan1 can be used to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy and to predict radioactive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsen Yao
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250117, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Guanzhong Gong
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250117, China
| | - Guoping Zuo
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jianxin Ren
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250117, China
| | - Ming Su
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250117, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250117, China
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Targeting Immune-Related Biological Processes in Solid Tumors: We do Need Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215452. [PMID: 31683784 PMCID: PMC6862285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become the standard-of-care in many solid tumors. Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, several issues related to patients’ selection for immunotherapy remain unsolved. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that, in this setting, the vision of a single biomarker is somewhat naïve and imprecise, given that immunotherapy does not follow the rules that we have experienced in the past for targeted therapies. On the other hand, additional immune-related biomarkers that are reliable in real-life clinical practice remain to be identified. Recently, the immune-checkpoint blockade has been approved in the US irrespective of the tumor site of origin. Further histology-agnostic approvals, coupled with with tumor-specific companion diagnostics and guidelines, are expected in this field. In addition, immune-related biomarkers can also have a significant prognostic value. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of these biomarkers and their characterization in the management of lung cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial cancers, and breast cancer.
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35
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Wang W, Cheng H, Gu X, Yin X. The natural flavonoid glycoside vitexin displays preclinical antitumor activity by suppressing NF-κB signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4461-4468. [PMID: 31239714 PMCID: PMC6556475 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Vitexin is a natural flavonoid glycoside mainly extracted from the leaves of vitex, which has a variety of physiological activities. For example, vitexin has antitumor and anti-inflammation activities, and it can also promote blood circulation in the body. However, the function and mechanism of vitexin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still unclear. Materials and methods: Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to examine cell survival in response to vitexin. Immunoblotting was used to analyze relative proteins’ expression. NPC xenograft models were established to assess the effect of vitexin in vivo. The luciferase activity of pNFκB-Luc was analyzed by using Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect relative genes’ expression. Kinase activity of IKKβ was analyzed in a cell-free system. Results: In this study, vitexin was found to display significant antitumor activity in NPC in vitro and in vivo. In NPC cells, vitexin inhibited cell cycle progression in NPC cells and induced the cleavages of PARP and inhibited antiapoptotic proteins’ expression, including Bcl-2 and Mcl1. Further studies indicated that vitexin significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of pNF-κB-Luc and inhibited the activation of NF-κB key regulators, including p65, IκBα and IKKs in NPC cells. Moreover, the kinase activity of IKKβ could be suppressed by vitexin in a cell-free system, and overexpression of CA-IKKβ could attenuate the inhibitory effect of vitexin on p65 phosphorylation. Conclusion: These results indicated that vitexin displayed antitumor activity by suppressing NF-κB signaling in NPC, which suggested that vitexin could be as a potential drug for the treatment of NPC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilan Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
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36
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Wen W, Mai SJ, Lin HX, Zhang MY, Huang JL, Hua X, Lin C, Long ZQ, Lu ZJ, Sun XQ, Liu SL, Yang Q, Zhu Q, Wang HY, Guo L. Identification of two microRNA signatures in whole blood as novel biomarkers for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 17:186. [PMID: 31159814 PMCID: PMC6547589 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis is critical to reduce the mortality caused by nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated and play important roles in carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to identify diagnostically relevant circulating miRNA signatures in patients with NPC. Methods Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples obtained from 120 patients with NPC, 30 patients with head-neck tumors (HNT), and 30 healthy subjects (HSs), and examined by using a custom microarray. The expression levels of four miRNAs identified by using the microarray were validated with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The 120 patients with NPC and 30 HSs were randomly assigned to training group-1 and validation group-1, respectively. By using significance analysis of microarray (SAM), the specific miRNA expression profiles in whole blood from patients with NPC are obtained. By using lasso regression and adaptive boosting, a diagnostic signature was identified in training group-1, and its accuracy was verified in validation group-1. By using the same methods, another signature to distinguish patients with NPC from those with HNT and HSs was identified in training group-2 and confirmed in validation group-2. Results There were 117 differentially expressed miRNAs (upregulated and downregulated fold change ≥ 1.5) between the patients with NPC and HSs, among which an 8-miRNA signature was identified with 96.43% sensitivity and 100% specificity [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.995] to diagnose NPC in training group-1 and 86.11% sensitivity and 88.89% specificity (AUC = 0.941) in validation group-1. Compared with traditional Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) seromarkers, this signature was more specific for NPC. Furthermore, a 16-miRNA signature to differentiate NPC from HNT and HS (HNT-HS) was established from 164 differentially expressed miRNAs, which diagnosed NPC and HNT-HS with 100% accuracy (AUC = 1.000) in training group-2 and 87.04% (AUC = 0.924) in validation group-2. Conclusions The present study identified two miRNA signatures for the highly accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of patients with NPC from HSs and patients with HNT. The identified miRNAs might represent novel serological biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for NPC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1923-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Juan Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ling Huang
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Q, Hu W, Xiong H, Ying S, Ruan Y, Wu B, Lu H. Changes in plasma EBV-DNA and immune status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after treatment with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:23. [PMID: 30871579 PMCID: PMC6417170 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported the early diagnostic values of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the concentration of plasma EBV-DNA and the number of CD8+PD-1+(programmed cell death-1,PD-1) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS This study included 37 patients treated with IMRT. Peripheral blood samples were collected two times for each patient, before radiation therapy and 1 week after the treatment. Further, the numbers of CD4+, Treg, CD8+, and CD8+PD1+ cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The changes after IMRT were determined by comparing the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4+, Treg, CD8+, CD8+PD1+ cells, and the concentration of plasma EBV-DNA between pretreatment and post-treatment groups. IMRT could reduce the expression level of PD-1 and the number of Treg cells. The concentration of plasma EBV-DNA and the expression level of CD8+PD-1+ were closely associated with the occurrence and development of NPC. Thus, EBV-DNA can be used as an important marker for early diagnosis, and IMRT can strongly reduce the copies of EBV-DNA. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that IMRT could reverse T-cell exhaustion and reduce the copies of EBV-DNA. In clinical practice, plasma EBV-DNA is a sensitive biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huacai Xiong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenpeng Ying
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Ruan
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Current Role of Chemotherapy in Nonmetastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:3725837. [PMID: 30364069 PMCID: PMC6188855 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3725837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly radio- and chemosensitive tumor with its unique clinical and biological behavior. Treatment of stage I disease is radical radiotherapy alone. For stage II disease treatment is radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The standard of care for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (stages III-IVB) is concurrent chemoradiation. Optimum timing and sequence of chemotherapy are not yet well-defined. The role of adjuvant and induction chemotherapy is debatable. Here we are going to highlight the role of chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, its benefit, and controversies regarding timing and sequences.
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40
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Giambattista J, McVicar N, Hamilton S, Martin M, Maas B, Ho C, Wu J, Tran E, Hay J, Berthelet E. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumetry of Primary Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Patients Treated with Induction Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Followed by Concurrent Cisplatin and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. Cureus 2018; 10:e3296. [PMID: 30443466 PMCID: PMC6235650 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The addition of induction chemotherapy (IC) to the standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is under consideration in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). To-date, no studies have reported primary gross tumour volume (GTVp) changes using gemcitabine and cisplatin as the IC phase in LANPC. We investigated the timing and magnitude of GTVp response throughout sequential gemcitabine and cisplatin IC and CCRT for LANPC. Toxicity and tumour control probability (TCP) analyses are also presented Methods Ten patients with LANPC underwent sequential IC and CCRT between 2011 and 2015. All patients had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at three time points: before IC (MRI0), after IC (MRI1), and three months after CCRT (MRI3). Five of the 10 patients had an additional MRI four to five weeks into CCRT (MRI2). GTVp contours were delineated retrospectively using contrast-enhanced MRIs, and each GTVp underwent secondary review by a neuroradiologist. Acute toxicities were graded retrospectively via chart review based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology for Adverse Events version 4.0 (NCI CTCAE v4.0). Results Mean GTVp reduction between MRI0 - MRI1 was from 68 cc to 47 cc and from 47 cc to 9 cc between MRI1 - MRI3. In patients with MRI2, the mean GTVp reduction between MRI1 - MRI2 was from 57 cc to 32 cc. Tumour control probability estimates increased by 0.11 after IC. Patients tolerated the treatment well with one Grade IV toxicity event. Conclusion The observed GTVp response and improved tumor control probability support further investigation into the use of IC in LANPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Giambattista
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Nevin McVicar
- Medical Physics, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Sarah Hamilton
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Montgomery Martin
- Radiology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Benjamin Maas
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Cheryl Ho
- Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Jonn Wu
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Eric Tran
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - John Hay
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Eric Berthelet
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CAN
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Zhao L, Chen H, Hu B, Zhang H, Lin Q. Prognostic significance of Ki67 expression and the derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1919-1926. [PMID: 30013398 PMCID: PMC6038857 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s167626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association of pretreatment Ki67 expression and the derived neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) with clinical outcomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients and methods For the study, 46 patients diagnosed with NPC at our hospital were recruited between April 2013 and December 2015. All patients were histologically confirmed to have non-keratinizing undifferentiated NPC. The expression of Ki67 proteins in NPC tissue was analyzed immunohistochemically, and the dNLR was assessed in the peripheral blood, both before treatment. Stage I and II disease was treated with radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy, and stage III and IV disease was treated with cisplatin-based radiochemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Results Forty-five of the 46 patients met the criteria, and the median follow-up period was 41 months (15–56 months). The cutoff values for Ki67 and dNLR were 77.5% and 2.01%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival rates in the high versus low Ki67 expression groups were 62.5% vs. 93.1% (P = 0.009) and 56.3% vs. 93.1% (P = 0.003), respectively. The 3-year OS rate of patients with high dNLR vs. low dNLR was 64.3% vs. 90.3% (P = 0.023). In the Cox risk ratio model, Ki67 expression and dNLR were independent prognostic factors for OS. Patients were then divided into three groups based on Ki67 expression and dNLR (high risk, both factors were high; intermediate risk, one factor was high; and low risk, neither factor was high). The 3-year OS rates were 20%, 85%, and 95% for the high, intermediate, and low risk groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion Pretreatment Ki67 and dNLR levels can be used as independent prognostic markers in NPC, and elevated values are associated with poor prognosis. Concurrently, high Ki67 expression and dNLR predict a significantly adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China,
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China,
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China,
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42
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Qin Y, Yu X, Hou J, Hu Y, Li F, Wen L, Lu Q, Fu Y, Liu S. Predicting chemoradiotherapy response of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using texture features based on intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11676. [PMID: 30045324 PMCID: PMC6078652 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigative the utility of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture analysis based on intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for predicting the early response to chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Baseline IVIM-DWI was performed on 81 patients with NPC receiving chemoradiotherapy in a prospective nested case-control study. The patients were categorized into the residue (n = 11) and nonresidue (n = 70) groups, according to whether there was local residual lesion or not at the end of chemoradiotherapy. The pretreatment tumor volume and the values of IVIM-DWI parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], D, D, and f) and GLCM features based on IVIM-DWI were compared between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were generated to determine significant indicator of treatment response.The nonresidue group had lower tumor volume, ADC, D, CorrelatADC, CorrelatD, InvDfMomADC, InvDfMomD and InvDfMomD values, together with higher ContrastD, Contrastf, SumAvergADC, SumAvergD, and SumAvergD values, than the residue group (all P < .05). Based on ROC curve in univariate analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) values for individual GLCM features in the prediction of the treatment response ranged from 0.635 to 0.879, with sensitivities from 54.55% to 100.00% and specificities from 52.86% to 85.71%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated D (P = .026), InvDfMomADC (P = .033) and SumAvergD (P = .015) as the independent predictors for identifying NPC without residue, with an AUC value of 0.977, a sensitivity of 90.91% and a specificity of 95.71%.Pretreatment GLCM features based on IVIM-DWI, especially on the diffusion-related maps, may have the potential to predict the early response to chemoradiotherapy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Hou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology
| | | | | | - Lu Wen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Medical Service, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siye Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology
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43
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Ji Y, Li H, Wang F, Gu L. PPARβ/δ Agonist GW501516 Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in C666-1 Cells by Promoting Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 30002625 PMCID: PMC6031703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) had been linked to inhibition on the proliferation and apoptosis in a few cancer cell lines. However, limited data exists regarding the role of PPARβ/δ in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was undertaken to determine the effect of PPARβ/δ on cell proliferation, anchorage-dependent clonogenicity, and ectopic xenografts in the human NPC cell lines. Gene and protein expression of PPARβ/δ were reduced specifically in the poor- and un-differentiated NPC cell lines as compared with the control NP-69 cells. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ by GW501516, a specific PPARβ/δ selective agonist, inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation strikingly, and induced a G2/M phase arrest in the EBV positive undifferentiated NPC C666-1 cells relative to the control cells. Moreover, GW501516 induced C666-1 cell apoptosis in a caspase and BAX dependent manner. In accordance with the in vitro result, GW501516 significantly suppressed the ectopic NPC xenograft tumorigenicity that derived from the C666-1 NPC cells in BALB/c nu/nu mice. This effect is greatly associated with its inhibition on the gene and protein expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) through activation of the AMPKα-dependent signaling pathways. Collectively, we showed that PPARβ/δ expression is in reverse correlation with the degree of differentiation in the NPC cell lines, and revealed the anti-tumorigenic effects of GW501516 in NPC cells by activation of AMPKα. This study suggested that PPARβ/δ targeting molecules may be useful for the poor-, and particularly un-differentiated NPC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ji
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Linglan Gu
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
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Annexin A2-mediated cancer progression and therapeutic resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:30. [PMID: 29598816 PMCID: PMC5877395 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck cancer with poor clinical outcomes and insufficient treatments in Southeast Asian populations. Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy has improved recovery rates of patients, poor overall survival and low efficacy are still critical problems. To improve the therapeutic efficacy, we focused on a tumor-associated protein called Annexin A2 (ANXA2). This review summarizes the mechanisms by which ANXA2 promotes cancer progression (e.g., proliferation, migration, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and cancer stem cell formation) and therapeutic resistance (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy). These mechanisms gave us a deeper understanding of the molecular aspects of cancer progression, and further provided us with a great opportunity to overcome therapeutic resistance of NPC and other cancers with high ANXA2 expression by developing this prospective ANXA2-targeted therapy.
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45
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Lu ZW, Du MY, Qian LX, Zhang N, Gu JJ, Ding K, Wu J, Zhu HM, He X, Yin L. MiR-152 functioning as a tumor suppressor that interacts with DNMT1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1733-1741. [PMID: 29628766 PMCID: PMC5877490 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, miR-152 has been dysregulated in a variety of tumors and used as a tumor suppressor. Nevertheless, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unidentified. Materials and methods Real-time quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was performed to analyze the expression of miR-152 in NPC cell lines. MiR-152 expression profiles in NPC tissues were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO GSE36682). The effect of miR-152 on the invasion and proliferation of NPC cells was determined through cell invasion, wound healing, and cell viability assays. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, and Western blot was performed to measure expression of the target gene. Pyrosequencing was used to detect the methylation level of NPC cells. Results In this study, miR-152 was downregulated in the NPC tissues and cell lines. When miR-152 was enhanced, the invasion and migration of NPC cells were inhibited. However, miR-152 had no effect on the proliferation of NPC cells. Luciferase reporter gene analysis was performed, and the results showed that DNMT1 (DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1) is a direct target of miR-152 in NPC cells. DNMT1 downregulation and miR-152 overexpression both reversed the effects of miR-152 inhibition on the NPC cells. In addition, miR-152 expression increased as a result of the inhibition of the methylation level of miR-152 when DNMT1 expression was downregulated. Conclusion The overexpression of miR-152 inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells by targeting DNMT1. Furthermore, DNMT1 regulated miR-152 expression through DNA methylation. Overall, the novel miR-152-DNMT1 regulatory circuit may provide better understanding of the pathogenesis of NPC and new epigenetic therapeutic target in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Lu
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming-Yu Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Xi Qian
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Jia Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Ming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia He
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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46
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Zhang HJ, Yuan GL, Liang QL, Peng XX, Cheng SA, Jiang L. Addition of bevacizumab to systemic therapy for locally advanced and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7799-7805. [PMID: 29740494 PMCID: PMC5934720 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a vital treatment option for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Concurrent cisplatin-based radiochemotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy had acquired good clinical effects with good local control rates. However, a number of patients present with metastasis following systemic regimens or initial diagnosis of locally advanced NPC, which cause difficulty for subsequent therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to discover novel targeted therapies. The present report describes one case of a patient with NPC and multiple metastases. The patient was treated with systemic therapy in combination with bevacizumab, palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy following treatment with cetuximab and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 2015. Following the addition of bevacizumab, metastases were reduced or disappeared after >2 months, and the duration of progression-free survival was 7 months. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF, and it is associated with angiogenesis, which causes the growth, invasion and progression of tumors. In previous studies, bevacizumab has been approved for the treatment of several types of malignant cancer and it has been able to effectively improve prognosis. In the present review, the effect of adding bevacizumab to systemic therapy for the treatment of NPC was analyzed, with a particular focus on advanced and metastatic diseases. A growing number of phase I/II clinical trials involving bevacizumab for NPC have been conducted with clinical outcomes showing improved rates of overall survival and progression-free survival as well as improvements in the quality of life of patients. However, severe or deadly toxicities can also result from combination treatment with bevacizumab. In the future, bevacizumab may become a common addition to systemic therapy for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Zhang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Le Yuan
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Lian Liang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xia Peng
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ang Cheng
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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47
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Upregulation of SOX2-activated lncRNA ANRIL promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3333. [PMID: 29463902 PMCID: PMC5820328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent molecularly targeted approaches have gained advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment. However, the estimated five-year survival rate has not met the desired degree of improvement. Here, we report that upregulation of the expression of the SOX2-activated lncRNA ANRIL is involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ANRIL has been found to be upregulated in clinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Using genetic approaches targeting ANRIL in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, we found that the knockdown of ANRIL inhibits cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SOX2 binds with ANRIL and increases its RNA level, which upregulates β-catenin signalling, resulting in enhanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumourigenesis. Expression levels of ANRIL are positively correlated with SOX2 and β-catenin in clinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples. Our findings demonstrate that the SOX2-ANRIL-β-catenin axis plays a critical role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation and provide a potential therapeutic approach for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
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48
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Yee-Lin V, Pooi-Fong W, Soo-Beng AK. Nutlin-3, A p53-Mdm2 Antagonist for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 18:173-183. [PMID: 28714398 PMCID: PMC5769085 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170717125821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a form of head and neck cancer of multifactorial etiolo-gies that is highly prevalent among men in the population of Southern China and Southeast Asia. NPC has claimed many thousands of lives worldwide; but the low awareness of NPC remains a hindrance in early diagnosis and prevention of the disease. NPC is highly responsive to radiotherapy and chemothera-py, but radiocurable NPC is still dependent on concurrent treatment of megavoltage radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Despite a significant reduction in loco-regional and distant metastases, radiotherapy alone has failed to provide a significant improvement in the overall survival rate of NPC, compared to chemo-therapy. In addition, chemo-resistance persists as the major challenge in the management of metastatic NPC although the survival rate of advanced metastatic NPC has significantly improved with the admin-istration of chemotherapy adjunctive to radiotherapy. In this regard, targeted molecular therapy could be explored for the discovery of alternative NPC therapies. Nutlin-3, a small molecule inhibitor that specifi-cally targets p53-Mdm2 interaction offers new therapeutic opportunities by enhancing cancer cell growth arrest and apoptosis through the restoration of the p53-mediated tumor suppression pathway while pro-ducing minimal cytotoxicity and side effects. This review discusses the potential use of Nutlin-3 as a p53-activating drug and the future directions of its clinical research for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voon Yee-Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Wong Pooi-Fong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Alan Khoo Soo-Beng
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
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49
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Guo SS, Tang LQ, Chen QY, Zhang L, Liu LT, Guo L, Mo HY, Luo DH, Huang PY, Xiang YQ, Sun R, Chen MY, Wang L, Lv X, Zhao C, Guo X, Cao KJ, Qian CN, Zeng MS, Bei JX, Hong MH, Shao JY, Sun Y, Ma J, Mai HQ. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in stage III-IVb nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with Epstein-Barr virus DNA ≥4000 copies/ml: a matched study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29739-48. [PMID: 27105538 PMCID: PMC5045429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in high-risk (stage III-IVb with EBV DNA≥4000 copies/ml) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients are unclear. METHODS A total of 325 high-risk NPC patients treated with IC+CCRT or CCRT alone who were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) between March 2007 and March 2013 were included. For each patient in the IC+CCRT group, a matched pair in the CCRT group was matching for: gender, age, T stage, N stage, clinical stage and WHO (World Health Organization) type. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS). RESULTS There were no significant differences in OS, PFS, DMFS, and LRFS between the IC+CCRT (148 patients) and CCRT (177 patients) groups. After matching, 103 paired patients were analyzed, and there were no differences between the IC+CCRT and CCRT groups regarding clinical outcomes. Based on the subgroup analysis of 156 very-high-risk patients (stage N2-3 with EBV DNA ≥4000 copies/ml), the 5-year OS of the IC+CCRT and CCRT groups was 84.3% and 67.5% (P =0.033), respectively. Based on our multivariate analysis, the treatment group was significantly associated with OS (P=0.034; HR0.451, 95%CI 0.216-0.941). CONCLUSIONS IC+CCRT did not improve the clinical outcomes of high-risk NPC patients compared to CCRT alone. However, in very-high-risk patients, IC+CCRT treatment led to increased OS compared to patients received CCRT treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li-Ting Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Mo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dong-Hua Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ka-Jia Cao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mu-Shen Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ming-Huang Hong
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Good Clinical Practice Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jian-Yong Shao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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50
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Wang MY, Lin ZR, Cao Y, Zheng LS, Peng LX, Sun R, Meng DF, Xie P, Yang JP, Cao L, Xu L, Huang BJ, Qian CN. PDZ binding kinase (PBK) is a theranostic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: driving tumor growth via ROS signaling and correlating with patient survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26604-16. [PMID: 27049917 PMCID: PMC5042002 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is well known as one of the most common malignancies in southern China and Southeast Asia. However, the mechanisms underlying NPC progression remain poorly understood. Herein, through overlapping the differentially expressed genes from 3 microarray data sets with the human kinome, we identified PBK, a serine-threonine kinase, is highly upregulated and has not been intensively investigated in NPC. PBK was required for malignant phenotypes of NPC, as PBK depletion by RNAi and inhibition by specific inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 obviously reduced cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth in mice. Moreover, we determined that targeting PBK could accelerate apoptosis by inducing ROS that activates JNK/p38 signaling pathway. In NPC patients, elevated PBK expression in primary tumor positively correlated to clinical severity such as advanced T stage, high death risk and disease progression, and it could serve as an unfavorable independent indicator of overall survival and disease-free survival. Altogether, our results indicate that PBK is a novel significant regulator of NPC progression and a potential therapeutic target for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Fang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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