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Su C, Mo J, Dong S, Liao Z, Zhang B, Zhu P. Integrinβ-1 in disorders and cancers: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:71. [PMID: 38279122 PMCID: PMC10811905 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrinβ-1 (ITGB1) is a crucial member of the transmembrane glycoprotein signaling receptor family and is also central to the integrin family. It forms heterodimers with other ligands, participates in intracellular signaling and controls a variety of cellular processes, such as angiogenesis and the growth of neurons; because of its role in bidirectional signaling regulation both inside and outside the membrane, ITGB1 must interact with a multitude of substances, so a variety of interfering factors can affect ITGB1 and lead to changes in its function. Over the past 20 years, many studies have confirmed a clear causal relationship between ITGB1 dysregulation and cancer development and progression in a wide range of benign diseases and solid tumor types, which may imply that ITGB1 is a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cancer treatment that warrants further investigation. This review summarizes the biological roles of ITGB1 in benign diseases and cancers, and compiles the current status of ITGB1 function and therapy in various aspects of tumorigenesis and progression. Finally, future research directions and application prospects of ITGB1 are suggested. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilin Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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He FT, Fu XL, Li MH, Fu CY, Chen JZ. USP14 Regulates ATF2/PIK3CD Axis to Promote Microvascular Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis in Diabetic Retinopathy. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2076-2091. [PMID: 36939972 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in diabetic patients. However, the pathogenesis of DR is complex, and no firm conclusions have been drawn so far. It has become a hot spot in ophthalmology research to deeply study the mechanism of DR pathological changes and find effective treatment options. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were induced by high glucose (HG) to construct DR cell model. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the viability of HRMECs. Transwell assay was used to detect the migration ability of HRMECs. Tube formation assay was used to identify the tube formation ability of HRMECs. The expressions of USP14, ATF2 and PIK3CD were detected by Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR assay. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to ascertain the relationship of USP14 and ATF2. To explore the regulatory relationship between ATF2 and PIK3CD by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. High glucose treatment promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HRMEC, and the expressions of USP14, ATF2 and PIK3CD were significantly up-regulated. USP14 or ATF2 knockdown inhibited HG-induced HRMECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. USP14 regulated the expression of ATF2, and ATF2 promoted PIK3CD expression. PIK3CD overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effectiveness of USP14 knockdown on proliferation, migration and tube formation of DR cell model. Here, we revealed that USP14 regulated the ATF2/PIK3CD axis to promote proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HG-induced HRMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Tao He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan West Central Hospital, No.2 Fubo East Road, Nada Town, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan West Central Hospital, No.2 Fubo East Road, Nada Town, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mo-Han Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan West Central Hospital, No.2 Fubo East Road, Nada Town, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan West Central Hospital, No.2 Fubo East Road, Nada Town, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan West Central Hospital, No.2 Fubo East Road, Nada Town, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
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Xiang ZY, Chen SL, Qin XR, Lin SL, Xu Y, Lu LN, Zou HD. Changes and related factors of blood CCN1 levels in diabetic patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131993. [PMID: 37334311 PMCID: PMC10273100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the differences in blood cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) levels between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals and to explore the relationship between CCN1 and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Plasma CCN1 levels were detected using ELISA in 50 healthy controls, 74 patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM group), and 69 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group). Correlations between CCN1 levels and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and other factors were analyzed. The relationship between CCN1 expression and DR was explored using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis was performed for all subjects, and the molecular changes that may be related to CCN1 were explored. The retinal vasculature of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined using fundus fluorescein angiography; in addition, retinal protein expression was examined using western blotting. Results Plasma CCN1 levels in patients with DR were significantly higher than in the control and DM groups; however, no significant differences were observed between healthy controls and patients with DM. CCN1 levels negatively correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with the duration of diabetes and urea levels. It was observed that high (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 1.10-20.25) and very high (OR 8.54, 95% CI: 2.00-36.51) levels of CCN1 were risk factors for DR. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCN1-related pathways were significantly altered in the DR group. The expression of hypoxia-, oxidative stress-, and dephosphorylation-related proteins were elevated, while that of tight junction proteins were reduced in the retinas of diabetic rats. Conclusion Blood CCN1 levels are significantly elevated in patients with DR. High and very high levels of plasma CCN1 are risk factors for DR. Blood CCN1 level may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of DR. The effects of CCN1 on DR may be related to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ran Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen-Lin Lin
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Rasoulinejad SA, Kiyamehr P. The Determinative Role of Cytokines in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:36-43. [PMID: 35078395 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220117114920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a neonatal disease corresponding to vision impairment and blindness. Utilizing the pathogenesis of ROP and the risk factors affecting its progression can help prevent and reduce its incidence and lead to the emergence and development of new treatment strategies. Factors influencing retinopathy include growth and inflammatory factors that play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the ROP. This review summarizes the most critical factors in the pathogenesis of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Pegah Kiyamehr
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li J, Peng L, Chen Q, Ye Z, Zhao T, Hou S, Gu J, Hang Q. Integrin β1 in Pancreatic Cancer: Expressions, Functions, and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143377. [PMID: 35884437 PMCID: PMC9318555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving the survival rate of PC patients. Emerging studies show that integrins might contribute to the pathogenesis of PC. This review presents the various signaling pathways that are mediated by integrins in PC and emphasizes the multiple functions of integrin β1 in malignant behaviors of PC. It also discusses the clinical significance of integrin β1 as well as integrin β1-based therapy in PC patients. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by rapid progression and a high mortality rate. The current treatment is still based on surgical treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and new methods of combining immune and molecular biological treatments are being explored. Despite this, the survival rate of PC patients is still very disappointing. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanism of PC pathogenesis and developing precisely targeted drugs are key to improving PC prognosis. As the most common β subunit of the integrin family, integrin β1 has been proved to be closely related to the vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and survival of PC patients, and treatment targeting integrin β1 in PC has gained initial success in animal models. In this review, we summarize the various signaling pathways by which integrins are involved in PC, focusing on the roles of integrin β1 in the malignant behaviors of PC. Additionally, recent studies regarding the feasibility of integrin β1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PC are also discussed. Finally, we present the progress of several integrin β1-based clinical trials to highlight the potential of integrin β1 as a target for personalized therapy in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Liyao Peng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Qun Chen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Li Z, Di Y. LncRNA TUG1 Promotes Apoptosis, Invasion, and Angiogenesis of Retinal Endothelial Cells in Retinopathy of Prematurity via MiR-145-5p. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:803214. [PMID: 35445044 PMCID: PMC9014803 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.803214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common retinal vascular disease in premature neonates. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that the long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) plays a regulatory role in vascular diseases, suggesting a potential role for TUG1 in vascular endothelial cells. We hypothesized that TUG1 may be associated with ROP. Our aim, therefore, was to explore the biological functions of TUG1 in aberrant retinal development. Methods We used the mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model to simulate the pathological changes of retinal in ROP. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of TUG1, miR-145-5p and cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1). Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were treated with CoCl2 to mimic hypoxia conditions. Cellular functional changes were observed after transfection with RNA interference (RNAi)-TUG1 and miR-145-5p mimics. The apoptosis of HRECs was detected by flow cytometry, the migration ability was detected by wound healing and transwell migration assays, and the ability of angiogenesis was detected by tube formation assay. The potential binding sites between TUG1, miR-145-5p, and CCN1 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The degree of retinopathy was evaluated by staining retinal sections with hematoxylin and eosin, and the expression of CCN1, HIF-1α, VEGF, caspase-3, Bcl-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results In the retina tissue of OIR mice, TUG1, miR-145-5p, and CCN1 were differentially expressed. Knocking down TUG1 attenuated apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis induced by hypoxia on HRECs, as did miR-145-5p overexpression. Results from reporter assays indicate direct interactions between TUG1, miR-145-5p, and CCN1. Intravitreal injection of miR-145-5p mimics reduced the degree of retinopathy. Conclusion TUG1 acts as a molecular sponge of miR-145-5p to regulate CCN1 expression and thus regulate the development of retinal neovascularization. This regulatory mechanism may provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaojin Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Di
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Di Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Nie QZ. Effects of long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript on retinal neovascularization in a newborn mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1877-1881. [PMID: 33510096 PMCID: PMC8328761 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript is involved in oxygen-induced retinopathy remains poorly understood. To validate this hypothesis, we established a newborn mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy by feeding in an oxygen concentration of 75 ± 2% from postnatal day 8 to postnatal day 12, followed by in normal air. On postnatal day 11, the mice were injected with the myocardial infarction-associated transcript siRNA plasmid via the vitreous cavity to knockdown long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript. Myocardial infarction-associated transcript siRNA transcription significantly inhibited myocardial infarction-associated transcript mRNA expression, reduced the phosphatidylinosital-3-kinase, phosphorylated Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor immunopositivities, protein and mRNA expression, and alleviated the pathological damage to the retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. These findings suggest that myocardial infarction-associated transcript is likely involved in the retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity and that inhibition of myocardial infarction-associated transcript can downregulate phosphatidylinosital-3-kinase, phosphorylated Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels and inhibit neovascularization. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China (approval No. 2016PS074K) on February 25, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Quan JH, Ismail HAHA, Cha GH, Jo YJ, Gao FF, Choi IW, Chu JQ, Yuk JM, Lee YH. VEGF Production Is Regulated by the AKT/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway and Controls the Proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in ARPE-19 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:184. [PMID: 32432052 PMCID: PMC7216739 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is the primary site of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the eye, and choroidal neovascularization in ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most important causes of visual impairment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key regulators of blood vessel development, however, little is known about the mechanisms of T. gondii-induced VEGF production in ocular toxoplasmosis. Here, we investigate the effect of T. gondii on VEGF production regulation in human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells and attempted to unveil the underlying mechanism of this event by focusing on the interaction between parasite and the selected host intracellular signaling pathways. T. gondii infection increased the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in ARPE-19 cells in parasite burden- and infection time-dependent manner. The proportional increase of VEGF upstream regulators, HIF-1α and HO-1, was also observed. T. gondii induced the activation of host p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, and p-p38 MAPK in ARPE-19 cells in a parasite-burden dependent manner. However, VEGF expression decreased after the pre-treatment with PI3K inhibitors (LY294002 and GDC-0941), ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD098059), and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), but not JNK inhibitor (SP600125), in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-VEGF agent bevacizumab or VEGF siRNA transfection prominently inhibited the activation of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, but not p-p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 in T. gondii-infected ARPE-19 cells. Bevacizumab treatment or VEGF siRNA transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation of T. gondii tachyzoites in the host cell, dose-dependently, but not invasion of parasites. VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) antagonist, SU5416, attenuated VEGF production and tachyzoite proliferation in T. gondii-infected ARPE-19 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, T. gondii prominently induces VEGF production in ARPE-19 cells, and VEGF and AKT/ERK1/2 signaling pathways mutually regulate each other in T. gondii-infected ARPE-19 cells, but not p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 signaling pathways. VEGF and VEGF-R2 control the parasite proliferation in T. gondii-infected ARPE-19 cells. From this study, we revealed the putative mechanisms for VEGF induction as well as the existence of positive feedback between VEGF and PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways in T. gondii-infected retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Hua Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Infection Biology and Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Fei Fei Gao
- Department of Infection Biology and Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In-Wook Choi
- Department of Infection Biology and Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jia-Qi Chu
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Infection Biology and Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Infection Biology and Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Ramaswamy AK, Vorp DA, Weinbaum JS. Functional Vascular Tissue Engineering Inspired by Matricellular Proteins. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:74. [PMID: 31214600 PMCID: PMC6554335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering specifically, has benefited from a greater appreciation of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin, collagen, and elastin have entered the tissue engineer's toolkit; however, as fully decellularized biomaterials have come to the forefront in vascular engineering it has become apparent that the ECM is comprised of more than just fibronectin, collagen, and elastin, and that cell-instructive molecules known as matricellular proteins are critical for desired outcomes. In brief, matricellular proteins are ECM constituents that contrast with the canonical structural proteins of the ECM in that their primary role is to interact with the cell. Of late, matricellular genes have been linked to diseases including connective tissue disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Despite the range of biological activities, this class of biomolecules has not been actively used in the field of regenerative medicine. The intent of this review is to bring matricellular proteins into wider use in the context of vascular tissue engineering. Matricellular proteins orchestrate the formation of new collagen and elastin fibers that have proper mechanical properties-these will be essential components for a fully biological small diameter tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG). Matricellular proteins also regulate the initiation of thrombosis via fibrin deposition and platelet activation, and the clearance of thrombus when it is no longer needed-proper regulation of thrombosis will be critical for maintaining patency of a TEVG after implantation. Matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells-all are biological functions that will be critical for formation of a thrombus-resistant endothelium within a TEVG. Lastly, matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and activation of smooth muscle cells-proper control of these biological activities will be critical for a TEVG that recellularizes and resists neointimal formation/stenosis. We review all of these functions for matricellular proteins here, in addition to reviewing the few studies that have been performed at the intersection of matricellular protein biology and vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Zhang W, Chen L, Geng J, Liu L, Xu L. β‑elemene inhibits oxygen‑induced retinal neovascularization via promoting miR‑27a and reducing VEGF expression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2307-2316. [PMID: 30664207 PMCID: PMC6392088 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the significant role of β-elemene in mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). C57BL/6J neonatal mice were used to establish OIR models. They were divided into four groups: Normoxia, OIR, OIR control and OIR‑treated. Mice in the OIR group were exposed to 75±5% oxygen for 5 days and returned to a normal oxygen environment on postnatal day 12 (P12). The OIR treated group was intravitreally injected with 1 µl β‑elemene on P12 and subsequently returned to a normal oxygen environment for 5 days (P12‑P17). Retinas were obtained on P17. Retinal neovascularization (RNV) was detected using adenosine diphosphatase staining and analyzed by counting the nuclei of neovascular endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) microarrays were used to screen out differentially expressed miRNAs between the OIR and β‑elemene‑treated groups. Binding the 3'‑untranslated region (UTR) of VEGF and miR‑27a was confirmed using luciferase assays. It was found that high oxygen concentrations accelerated RNV and increased the number of preretinal neovascular cells; β‑elemene treatment reduced these effects. VEGF mRNA and protein expression was higher in the OIR and OIR control groups, compared with the normoxia and OIR‑treated groups. Further, it was shown that miR‑22, miR‑181a‑1, miR‑335‑5p, miR‑669n, miR‑190b, miR‑27a and miR‑93 were upregulated in the OIR‑treated group, and downregulated in the OIR group. The prediction websites TargetScan and miRanda revealed that VEGF contained a potential miR‑27a binding site in its 3'‑untranslated region (UTR). Luciferase assays demonstrated that miR‑27a directly bound to the 3'‑UTR of VEGF. In vitro experiments demonstrated that miR‑27a inhibited VEGF expression. In addition, β‑elemene treatment upregulate miR‑27a expression in vivo and in vitro. When miR‑27a expression was depleted by miR‑27a inhibitor, the protective effect of β‑elemene on RNV was eliminated. The present study demonstrated that β‑elemene reduced RNV in mouse OIR models via miR‑27a upregulation, leading to reduced VEGF expression. This finding may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for human retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110031, P.R. China
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Shukla SK, Sikder K, Sarkar A, Addya S, Rafiq K. Molecular network, pathway, and functional analysis of time-dependent gene changes related to cathepsin G exposure in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Gene 2018; 671:58-66. [PMID: 29859287 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathways activated in response to acute cathepsin G (CG) exposure, as well as the mechanisms involved in activation of signaling pathways that culminate in myocyte detachment and apoptosis remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the changes in gene expression patterns associated with time dependent CG exposure to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Microarray analysis revealed a total of 451, 572 and 1127 differentially expressed genes after CG exposure at 1, 4 and 8 h respectively. A total of 54 overlapped genes at each time point were mapped by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The top up-regulated genes included Hamp, SMAD6, NR4A1, FOSL2, ID3 and SLAMF7, and down-regulated genes included CYR61, GDF6, Olr640, Vom2r36, DUSP6 and MMP20. Our data suggest that there are multiple deregulated pathways associated with cardiomyocyte death after CG exposure, including JAK/Stat signaling, IL-9 signaling and Nur77 signaling. In addition, we also generated the molecular network of expressed gene and found most of the molecules were connected to ERK1/2, caspase, BCR (complex) and Cyclins. Our study reveals the ability to assess time-dependent changes in gene expression patterns in NRCMs associated with CG exposure. The global gene expression profiles may provide insight into the cellular mechanism that regulates CG dependent myocyte apoptosis. In future, the pathways important in CG response, as well as the genes found to be differentially expressed might represent the therapeutic targets for myocyte survival in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA-19107, USA
| | - Kunal Sikder
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA-19107, USA
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA-19107, USA
| | - Sankar Addya
- Kimmel Cancer Centre, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA-19107, USA
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA-19107, USA.
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Sun L, Huang T, Xu W, Sun J, Lv Y, Wang Y. Advanced glycation end products promote VEGF expression and thus choroidal neovascularization via Cyr61-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14925. [PMID: 29097668 PMCID: PMC5668426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) causes severe vision loss among old patients, especially those with diabetes. Previously, Cyr61 has been found to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both AMD and diabetes. In the present study, we found that increased CNV severity together with higher expression of Cyr61 and VEGF in diabetes mice compared with control mice. Moreover, knockdown of Cyr61 decreased CNV severity. In vitro mechanism study revealed that the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) significantly increased the expression of Cyr61 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, mimicking the effects of diabetes. In turn, the increased Cyr61 enhanced VEGF expression through FAK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Chemically blocking the above pathway significantly inhibited CNV formation, providing a new strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of CNV in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tonglie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wenqin Xu
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Jiang S, Chen X. HMGB1 siRNA can reduce damage to retinal cells induced by high glucose in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:783-795. [PMID: 28352154 PMCID: PMC5359008 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s129913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of late-phase diabetes, is associated with many risk factors, among which continuous low-grade inflammation is one of the principal ones. As such, lowering inflammation levels and maintain the viability of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) are critical for DR therapy. HMGB1 is a well-known proinflammatory cytokine. However, whether HMGB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) can protect retina cells under a high-glucose environment from morphological changes and functional abnormalities remain undetermined. We aimed to investigate the effect of HMGB1 siRNA on retinal cells in DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 each): normal control, diabetes mellitus (DM), scrambled (Scr) siRNA, and HMGB1 siRNA. Rats in the DM, Scr siRNA, and siRNA groups were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. At 16 weeks after injection, rats in the siRNA and Scr-siRNA groups were intravitreally injected with 2 μL HMGB1 siRNA and 2 μL Scr-siRNA, while rats in the control and DM groups were intravitreally injected with the same dose of sterile saline. At 1 week after injections, we performed the following experiments. Immunohistochemical staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to test HMGB1 protein and messenger RNA expression in retinas. We performed TUNEL assays to detect retinal cell apoptosis and electroretinography to detect retinal function. In HRECs treated with high glucose, proliferation, morphology, apoptosis, super-oxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species production were detected. Western blot was applied to determine the expressions of HMGB1 and its related protein and apoptosis protein. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of HMGB1 siRNA reduced protein and messenger RNA expression of HMGB1 (both P<0.05). Intravitreal injection of HMGB1 siRNA reduced apoptosis of retinal cells (P<0.05), protected morphological changes in the retina, and improved the function of the retina (P<0.05). In HRECs treated with high glucose, HMGB1 siRNA pretreatment increased cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, and reduced oxidative damage to cells (all P<0.05). Western blot detection found that HMGB1 siRNA pretreatment can inhibit the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and improve the expression of BCL2 (P<0.05). HMGB1 and NFκB expression increased in a time-dependent manner in the high-glucose environment and IKKβ and NFκB protein expression decreased significantly after HMGB1 silencing. CONCLUSION As a therapeutic target, HMGB1 siRNA can reduce retinal cell damage induced by high glucose in vitro and in vivo and delay DR progress through the HMGB1-IKKβ-NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen XK, Ouyang LJ, Yin ZQ, Xia YY, Chen XR, Shi H, Xiong Y, Pi LH. Effects of microRNA-29a on retinopathy of prematurity by targeting AGT in a mouse model. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:791-801. [PMID: 28337307 PMCID: PMC5340714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the effects of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by targeting angiotensinogen (AGT) expression in a mouse model. METHODS Ninety-six C57BL/6J mice were selected and divided into the normal control group (n = 12) and the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) group (n = 84). All the mice in the OIR group were assigned to the following seven groups (12 mice in each group): the blank, miR-29a mimics, miR-29a inhibitors, empty plasmid, miR-29a mimics + si-AGT, miR-29a inhibitors + si-AGT and si-AGT groups. ADPase histochemical staining was conducted to detect the morphology of retinal neovascularization. H&E staining was performed to quantify retinal neovascularization. The qRT-PCR assay was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-29a and the AGT mRNA. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of AGT, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), angiotensin (ANG) and angiotensin II (AngII). RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, miR-29a expression decreased, while the AGT mRNA expression and the protein expression levels of AGT, VEGF, HGF, ANG and AngII increased, and retinal vascular density and neovascularization also increased in the OIR group. In the OIR group, compared with the blank, empty plasmid, miR-29a inhibitors and miR-29a inhibitors + si-AGT groups, miR-29a expression increased, while the AGT mRNA expression and protein expression levels of AGT, VEGF, HGF, ANG and AngII decreased, and retinal vascular density and neovascularization also decreased in the miR-29a mimics, miR-29a mimics + si-AGT and si-AGT groups. CONCLUSION MiR-29a could inhibit retinal neovascularization to prevent the development and progression of ROP by down-regulating AGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ke Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Qin Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-You Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Rong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Hong Pi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, P. R. China
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Di Y, Nie QZ, Chen XL. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression change in experimental retinal neovascularization. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:804-8. [PMID: 27366678 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.06.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the signal transduction mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mediated- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and retinal neovascularization (RNV) in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: control group, OIR group, OIR control group (phosphate-buffered saline by intravitreal injection) and treated group [tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) by intravitreal injection]. OIR model was established in C57BL/6J mice exposed to 75%±2% oxygen for 5d. mRNA level and protein expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and VEGF were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, and located by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Levels of MMP-9 and VEGF in retina were significantly increased in animals with OIR and OIR control group. Levels of TIMP-1 in retina was significantly reduced in animals with OIR and OIR control group. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between MMP-9 and VEGF. Intravitreal injection of TIMP-1 significantly reduced MMP-9 and VEGF expression of the OIR mouse model (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that MMP-9-mediated up-regulation of VEGF promotes RNV in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). TIMP-1 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Fu M, Song Y, Wen Z, Lu X, Cui L. Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol Inhibit Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to the Liver in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050286. [PMID: 27187454 PMCID: PMC4882699 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and inositol (Ins), naturally occurring carbohydrates present in most mammals and plants, inhibit the growth of numerous cancers both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we first examined the anti-metastatic effects of IP6 and Ins using a liver metastasis model of colorectal cancer (CRC) in BALB/c mice. CT-26 cells were injected into the splenic capsule of 48 BALB/c mice. The mice were then randomly divided into four groups: IP6, Ins, IP6 + Ins and normal saline control (n = 12 per group). IP6 and/or Ins (80 mg/kg each, 0.2 mL/day) were injected into the gastrointestinal tracts of the mice on the second day after surgery. All mice were sacrificed after 20 days, and the tumor inhibition rates were determined. The results demonstrated that the tumor weights of liver metastases and the tumor inhibition rates were reduced in the experimental groups compared to the control group and that treatment with the combination of IP6 and Ins resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth than treatment with either compound alone. These findings suggest that IP6 and Ins prevent the development and metastatic progression of colorectal cancer to the liver in mice by altering expression of the extracellular matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin and laminin; the adhesion factor receptor integrin-β1; the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9; and the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta in the tumor metastasis microenvironment. In conclusion, IP6 and Ins inhibited the development and metastatic progression of colorectal cancer to the liver in BALB/c mice, and the effect of their combined application was significantly greater than the effect of either compound alone. This evidence supports further testing of the combined application of IP6 and Ins for the prevention of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wen
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xingyi Lu
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
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