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Current Pharmacotherapy and Multi-Target Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121560. [PMID: 36559010 PMCID: PMC9781592 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decreased synaptic transmission and cerebral atrophy with appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Cognitive, functional, and behavioral alterations are commonly associated with the disease. Different pathophysiological pathways of AD have been proposed, some of which interact and influence one another. Current treatment for AD mainly involves the use of therapeutic agents to alleviate the symptoms in AD patients. The conventional single-target treatment approaches do not often cause the desired effect in the disease due to its multifactorial origin. Thus, multi-target strategies have since been undertaken, which aim to simultaneously target multiple targets involved in the development of AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of AD and the current drug therapies for the disease. Additionally, rationales of the multi-target approaches and examples of multi-target drugs with pharmacological actions against AD are also discussed.
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Zhu G, Bai P, Wang K, Mi J, Yang J, Hu J, Ban Y, Xu R, Chen R, Wang C, Tang L, Sang Z. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel O-alkyl ferulamide derivatives as multifunctional ligands for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1375-1388. [PMID: 35549612 PMCID: PMC9116242 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of novel O-alkyl ferulamide derivatives were designed and synthesised through the multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy. The biological activities in vitro showed that compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5h indicated significantly selective MAO-B inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.32, 0.56, 0.54, 0.73, and 0.86 μM, respectively) and moderate antioxidant activity. Moreover, compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5h showed potent anti-inflammatory properties, remarkable effects on self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation, and potent neuroprotective effect on Aβ1-42-induced PC12 cell injury. Furthermore, compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5h presented good blood-brain barrier permeation in vitro and drug-like properties. More interesting, the PET/CT images with [11C]5f demonstrated that [11C]5f could penetrate the BBB with a high brain uptake and exhibited good brain clearance kinetic property. Therefore, compound 5f would be a promising multi-functional agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Bai
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Keren Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jing Mi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yujuan Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhipei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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3
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Deng C, Mi J, Zhou Y, Li X, Liu Z, Sang Z, Li H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-acetylphenol-rivastigmine hybrids as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Sudevan ST, Rangarajan TM, Al-Sehemi AG, Nair AS, Koyiparambath VP, Mathew B. Revealing the role of the benzyloxy pharmacophore in the design of a new class of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200084. [PMID: 35567313 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual layout of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors has been modified to explore their potential biological application in the case of neurological disorders for the time being. The current review article is an effort to display the summation of innovative conceptual prospects of MAO inhibitors and their intriguing chemistry and bioactivity. Based on this scenario, we emphasize the pivotal role of the benzyloxy moiety attached to scaffolds like oxadiazolones, indolalkylamines, safinamide, caffeine, benzofurans, α-tetralones, β-nitrostyrene, benzoquinones, coumarins, indoles, chromones, and chromanone analogs, while acting as an MAO inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachithra T Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - T M Rangarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venketeswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, KingKhalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aathira S Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Vishal P Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
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5
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Jiang X, Guo J, Zhang C, Gu J, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Discovery of benzamide-hydroxypyridinone hybrids as potent multi-targeting agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:2045-2054. [PMID: 34607518 PMCID: PMC8510601 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1978081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel class of benzamide-hydroxypyridinone (HPO) derivatives were innovatively designed, synthesised, and biologically evaluated as potential multitargeting candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through pharmacophores-merged approaches based on lead compounds 18d, benzyloxy phenyl analogs, and deferiprone (DFP). These hybrids possessed potent Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition as well as excellent iron chelation, with pFe3+ values ranging from 18.13 to 19.39. Among all the compounds, 8g exhibited the most potent selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 68.4 nM, SI = 213). Moreover, 8g showed favourable pharmacokinetic properties and had great potential to penetrate the BBB in silico and PAMPA-BBB assay. Molecular modelling showed that 8g could adopt an extended conformation and have more enhanced interactions with MAO-B than 18d. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that 8g remarkably resisted Aβ-induced oxidation and ameliorated cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine. Taken collectively, these results suggest that compound 8g is a potential multifunctional candidate for anti-AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Development of novel 2-acetylphenol-O-alkylhydroxyethylamine derivatives as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of fluorinated indanone derivatives as potential positron emission tomography agents for the imaging of monoamine oxidase B in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128254. [PMID: 34256118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in the metabolism of major monoamine neurotransmitters. In particular, the upregulation of MAO-B in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer augmented the development of selective MAO-B inhibitors for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as the anti-parkinsonian MAO-B irreversible binder l-deprenyl (Selegiline®). Herein we report on the synthesis of novel fluorinated indanone derivatives for PET imaging of MAO-B in the brain. Out of our series, the derivatives 6, 8, 9 and 13 are amongst the most affine and selective ligands for MAO-B reported so far. For the derivative 6-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (6) exhibiting an outstanding affinity (KiMAO-B = 6 nM), an automated copper-mediated radiofluorination starting from the pinacol boronic ester 17 is described. An in vitro screening in different species revealed a MAO-B region-specific accumulation of [18F]6 in rats and piglets in comparison to L-[3H]deprenyl. The pre-clinical in vivo assessment of [18F]6 in mice demonstrated the potential of indanones to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Nonetheless, parallel in vivo metabolism studies indicated the presence of blood-brain barrier metabolites, thus arguing for further structural modifications. With the matching analytical profiles of the radiometabolite analysis from the in vitro liver microsome studies and the in vivo evaluation, the structure's elucidation of the blood-brain barrier penetrant radiometabolites is possible and will serve as basis for the development of new indanone derivatives suitable for the PET imaging of MAO-B.
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Liu L, Chen Y, Zeng RF, Liu Y, Xie SS, Lan JS, Ding Y, Yang YT, Yang J, Zhang T. Design and synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydrocoumarins as potent and selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors with the neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104685. [PMID: 33640631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors with neuroprotective effects are better for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, due to the complicated pathogenesis of PD. To develop new hMAO-B inhibitors with neuroprotection, a novel series of 3,4-dihydrocoumarins was designed as selective and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors to treat PD. Most compounds showed potent and selective inhibition for hMAO-B over hMAO-A with IC50 values ranging from nanomolar to sub-nanomolar. Among them, compound 4d was the most potent hMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.37 nM) being about 20783-fold more active than iproniazid, and exhibited the highest selectivity for hMAO-B (SI > 270,270). Kinetic studies revealed that compound 4d was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of hMAO-B. Neuroprotective studies indicated that compound 4d could protect PC12 cells from the damage induced by 6-OHDA and rotenone. Besides, compound 4d did not exhibit acute toxicity at a dose up to 2500 mg/kg (po), and could cross the BBB in parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. More importantly, compound 4d was able to significantly prevent the motor deficits in the MPTP-induced PD model. These results indicate that compound 4d is an effective and promising candidate against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui-Feng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sai-Sai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jin-Shuai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Ting Yang
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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9
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Chowdhury S, Kumar S. Inhibition of BACE1, MAO-B, cholinesterase enzymes, and anti-amyloidogenic potential of selected natural phytoconstituents: Multi-target-directed ligand approach. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13571. [PMID: 33249607 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and multiple factors are involved in disease progression. This is why there is an urgent need to develop novel molecules with multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) potential. The current study explores the active phytoconstituents from traditionally used medicinal spices, namely piperine, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, and alpha-terpinyl acetate for the inhibition of β-secretase, monoamine oxidase, cholinesterase enzymes, anti-aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils, and their protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and Aβ-induced toxicity. Eugenol showed inhibitory activity against MAO-B enzyme, free radical scavenging activity, and anti-aggregation activity against Aβ peptides than other phytoconstituents. It also demonstrated a significant cytoprotective effect against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in pheochromocytoma (PC) 12 cells. A molecular docking study of eugenol showed interactions with active site residue of the target enzymes. The study successfully demonstrated that eugenol could have an MTDLs potential better than synthesized drugs used in the treatment of AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present study demonstrated multi-target-directed ligand potential of eugenol and can be developed to treat complex diseases like Alzheimer's. Eugenol can bind to different Alzheimer's targets such as β-secretase (BACE1), Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), Cholinesterase's, and amyloid β1-42 fibrils and might have a disease-modifying potential. The other natural phytoconstituents such as piperine, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde, and alpha-terpinyl acetate also demonstrated MTDL potential could also be used for developing novel molecules for disease-modifying effect. It also protects against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chowdhury
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
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Hagenow J, Hagenow S, Grau K, Khanfar M, Hefke L, Proschak E, Stark H. Reversible Small Molecule Inhibitors of MAO A and MAO B with Anilide Motifs. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:371-393. [PMID: 32099324 PMCID: PMC6996489 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s236586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligands consisting of two aryl moieties connected via a short spacer were shown to be potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B, which are known as suitable targets in treatment of neurological diseases. Based on this general blueprint, we synthesized a series of 66 small aromatic amide derivatives as novel MAO A/B inhibitors. METHODS The compounds were synthesized, purified and structurally confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Fluorimetric enzymological assays were performed to determine MAO A/B inhibition properties. Mode and reversibility of inhibition was determined for the most potent MAO B inhibitor. Docking poses and pharmacophore models were generated to confirm the in vitro results. RESULTS N-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxamide (55, ST-2043) was found to be a reversible competitive moderately selective MAO B inhibitor (IC50 = 56 nM, Ki = 6.3 nM), while N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)benzamide (7, ST-2023) showed higher preference for MAO A (IC50 = 126 nM). Computational analysis confirmed in vitro binding properties, where the anilides examined possessed high surface complementarity to MAO A/B active sites. CONCLUSION The small molecule anilides with different substitution patterns were identified as potent MAO A/B inhibitors, which were active in nanomolar concentrations ranges. These small and easily accessible molecules are promising motifs, especially for newly designed multitargeted ligands taking advantage of these fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hagenow
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hagenow
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
| | - Kathrin Grau
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khanfar
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman11942, Jordan
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lena Hefke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Frankfurt60438, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Frankfurt60438, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Duesseldorf40225, Germany
- Correspondence: Holger Stark Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf40225, GermanyTel +49 211 81-10478Fax +49 211 81-13359 Email
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Synthesis and AChE Inhibitory Activity of Novel Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132392. [PMID: 31261693 PMCID: PMC6651548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common of the degenerative brain diseases and is described together with the impairment of cognitive function. Patients with AD lose the capability to code new memories, and life conditions are extremely difficult. The development of new drugs in this area continues at a great pace. A novel series of thiazole-piperazine hybrids, aimed against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have been synthesized. The structure identification of synthesized compounds was elucidated by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, and LCMSMS spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory potential of the synthesized compounds on cholinesterase enzymes was investigated. The compounds 3a, 3c and 3i showed significant inhibitory activity on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. On the other hand, none of the compounds showed significant inhibitory activity on the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme. In addition to enzyme inhibition studies, enzyme kinetic studies were performed to observe the effects of the most active inhibitor compounds on the substrate–enzyme relationship. In addition to in vitro tests, docking studies also indicated that compound 3c potentially acts as a dual binding site AChE inhibitor.
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12
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new pyrazolone Schiff bases as monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 84:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1603-1706. [PMID: 30604512 DOI: 10.1002/med.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO-A/MAO-B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO-B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical-mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015-2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO-BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO-BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision-making process in the MAOIs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sang Z, Wang K, Wang H, Wang H, Ma Q, Han X, Ye M, Yu L, Liu W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-acetyl-5-O-(amino-alkyl)phenol derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5046-5052. [PMID: 29033233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-acetyl-5-O-(amino-alkyl)phenol derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-function inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results revealed that compound TM-3 indicated selective AChE inhibitory potency (eeAChE, IC50 = 0.69 μM, selective index (SI) = 32.7). Both kinetic analysis of AChE inhibition and molecular modeling study suggested that TM-3 could simultaneously bind to the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE. And TM-3 was also a highly selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 6.8 μM). Moreover, TM-3 could act as antioxidant (ORAC value was 1.5eq) and neuroprotectant, as well as a selective metal chelating agent. More interestingly, compound TM-3 could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro and abided by Lipinski's rule of five. Therefore, compound TM-3, a promising multi-targeted active molecule, offers an attractive starting point for further lead optimization in the drug-discovery process against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
| | - Keren Wang
- Nanyang Normal University Hospital, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Nanyang Normal University Library, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Qianwen Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Mengyao Ye
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Lintao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
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Wang Z, Wu J, Yang X, Cai P, Liu Q, Wang KD, Kong L, Wang X. Neuroprotective effects of benzyloxy substituted small molecule monoamine oxidase B inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5929-5940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kaya B, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis of some novel 2-substituted benzothiazole derivatives containing benzylamine moiety as monoamine oxidase inhibitory agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1654-61. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1161621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betül Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey and
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey and
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey and
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey and
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey and
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