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Gammoh Y, Alasir R, Qanawati L. Exploring awareness of hearing loss and ear health in Jordanian adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0316622. [PMID: 39739660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the awareness about hearing loss and ear health among adults in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted where a questionnaire was filled from the month of November to the month of December of the year 2023, to assess the level of awareness about hearing loss and ear health. The participants included were Jordanian adults (age ≥ 18 years) residing in the North, Middle and South of Jordan. RESULTS Data from 333 participants (54.1% men) were analyzed. Participants between 18 and 28 years of age comprised 29.7% of the sample population. More than half of the participants (52.6%) held a university degree. Overall percentage of correct responses was 83%. Women, postgraduate degree holders, and participants diagnosed with hearing loss had an average of 11.96±1.47, 12.65±1.59 and 11.70±1.69 correct answers, respectively. The highest correct response received (97.6%) was for: hearing aids need to fit accurately to provide the maximum benefit. Furthermore, 97% of the sample correctly acknowledged that sudden hearing loss is an emergency and requires an immediate audiological assessment. The main misconception was that a deaf-mute cannot speak because of defects in the vocal tract, with only 39.3% of the sample providing a correct response. The other two misconceptions were: cotton buds are necessary for ear cleaning and are the safest means, and that ear drops are sufficient to treat earache, with 78.1% correct responses for each statement. Participants with higher level of education had higher odds of answering the questions correctly, with limited role observed for gender, prior diagnosis of hearing loss and a family history of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Majority of the adults surveyed provided a correct answer to the hearing loss and ear health survey. While most of the sample population were aware that a sudden loss of hearing is considered an emergency, only one third knew that defects in vocal cords do not play a role in deafness/muteness. The study highlights the need of public education on causes of hearing loss and measures needed to prevent the onset of hearing loss, with emphasis on methods for caring of ear health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Gammoh
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry Science, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rama Alasir
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Laila Qanawati
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
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Albadrani MS, Alrehaili AM, Alahmadi SH, Aljazaeri AA, Almaghthawi OF, Alanazi SN, Alrehaili OA. Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Healthcare Centers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49718. [PMID: 38033448 PMCID: PMC10688576 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Saudi Arabia is among the highest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. Various complications of DM can cause problems in the long term. One of the most prevalent microvascular problems and the primary cause of blindness is diabetic retinopathy (DR), and a significant proportion of the population with diabetes eventually develop diabetes retinopathy. Recognizing and understanding DR may be crucial for patients in identifying and averting this complication. Objectives The objective of this atudy is to assess the awareness of DR among patients with type 2 DM at primary healthcare centers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study involved a survey of patients with diabetes who attended Madinah primary care clinics between August and September 2023. The study was conducted in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from May to November 2023. Results A total of 240 patients participated with a median age of 49.7 years and a gender distribution of 121 (50.4%) men. Overall, less than half of patients had a fair level of knowledge (47.1%) and a good level of knowledge (42.1%) about DR, whereas 10.8% had poor knowledge. Physicians were the primary source of information for patients, followed by the internet, family, and friends. Higher levels of education, diabetes that had been present for a longer period, and regular eye exams were associated with better understanding. This study emphasizes the importance of improving patient knowledge and awareness of DR. Conclusions We observed a high level of awareness of DR among participants. Furthermore, higher awareness was associated with longer disease duration and compliance with diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muayad S Albadrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, SAU
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Elafros MA, Callaghan BC, Skolarus LE, Vileikyte L, Lawrenson JG, Feldman EL. Patient and health care provider knowledge of diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications: a comprehensive literature review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:221-239. [PMID: 36322296 PMCID: PMC10202021 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy occur in more than 50% of people with diabetes, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Patient understanding of these microvascular complications is essential to ensure early recognition and treatment of these sequalae as well as associated symptoms, yet little is known about patient knowledge of microvascular sequalae. In this comprehensive literature review, we provide an overview of existing knowledge regarding patient knowledge of diabetes, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. We also discuss health care provider's knowledge of these sequalae given that patients and providers must work together to achieve optimal care. We evaluated 281 articles on patient and provider knowledge of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy as well as predictors of improved knowledge and screening practices. Results demonstrated that patient and provider knowledge of microvascular sequalae varied widely between studies, which may reflect sociocultural or methodologic differences. Knowledge assessment instruments varied between studies with limited validation data and few studies controlled for confounding. Generally, improved patient knowledge was associated with greater formal education, longer diabetes duration, and higher socioeconomic status. Fewer studies examined provider knowledge of sequalae, yet these studies identified multiple misconceptions regarding appropriate screening practices for microvascular complications and the need to screen patients who are asymptomatic. Further investigations are needed that use well validated measures, control for confounding, and include diverse populations. Such studies will allow identification of patients and providers who would benefit from interventions to improve knowledge of microvascular complications and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lesli E Skolarus
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Loretta Vileikyte
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Dermatology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John G Lawrenson
- School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Alali NM, Albazei A, Alotaibi HM, Almohammadi AM, Alsirhani EK, Alanazi TS, Alshammri BJ, Alqahtani MQ, Magliyah M, Alreshidi S, Albalawi HB. Diabetic Retinopathy and Eye Screening: Diabetic Patients Standpoint, Their Practice, and Barriers; A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6351. [PMID: 36362578 PMCID: PMC9654427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellites (DM) is one of the most common systemic disorders in Saudi Arabia and worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potentially blinding ophthalmic consequence of uncontrolled DM. The early detection of DR leads to an earlier intervention, which might be sight-saving. Our aim in this cross-sectional study is to assess patients' knowledge and practices regarding DR, and to detect the barriers for eye screening and receiving a check-up from an ophthalmologist. The study included 386 diabetic patients. One hundred and thirty-one patients (33.9%) had T1DM and 188 (48.7%) had T2DM. Most of the diabetic patients (73.3%) know that they must have an eye check-up regardless of their blood sugar level. DM was agreed to affect the retina in 80.3% of the patients, 56% of patients agree that DM complications are always symptomatic, and 84.5% know that DM could affect their eyes. The fact that blindness is a complication of diabetic retinopathy was known by 65% of the diabetic patients. A better knowledge was detected among patients older than 50 years of age (54.9%) compared to those aged less than 35 years (40.9%), which was statistically significant (p = 0.030). Additionally, 61.2% of diabetic patients who were university graduates had a significantly better knowledge in comparison to 33.3% of illiterate patients (p = 0.006). Considering the barriers to not getting one's eyes screened earlier, a lack of knowledge was reported by 38.3% of the patients, followed by lack of access to eye care (24.4%). In conclusion, there is a remarkable increase in the awareness of DR among the Saudi population. This awareness might lead to an earlier detection and management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Mamdouh Alali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanuad Albazei
- Medical Education Department, King Khaled Eye Specialized Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Horia Mohammed Alotaibi
- Ophthalmology Department, Imam Abdulrahman bun Faisal University, Damman 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Turki Saleh Alanazi
- Internal Medicine Department, King Salam Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriah Jariad Alshammri
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Salam Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Moustafa Magliyah
- Ophthalmology Department, Prince Mohammed Medical City, Sakakah 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker Alreshidi
- Ophthalmology Department, Almajmaah University, Almajmaah 15341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani B. Albalawi
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
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Alhamoud AH, Bajahzer M, Alshahrani M, Alghamdi M, Alaklabi S, Aldhibi H. Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Diabetic Patients in King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e30458. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wahby I, Albeladi F, Abukhudair A, Alyoubi S, Alyoubi S, Alotaibi A, Albeladi A. Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Attending the Outpatient Clinic in the General Hospital in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e28235. [PMID: 36158427 PMCID: PMC9488857 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a major cause of blindness. DR awareness is important for early identification and management in patients with T2D. This study aimed to estimate the level of awareness of DR and its risk factors among patients with T2D in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze data collected from 291 patients with T2D attending outpatient clinics in the General Hospital in Rabigh during 2020-2021. We collected demographic information and level of awareness about T2D and DR. Results: Among 291 patients with T2D, 42.3% had T2D for more than five years, and 37.8% had T2D for two to five years. In our study population, 32.3% of participants obtained high school education, and 42.3% had moderate income. Over half of respondents (56.4%) had their last eye exam within the past year, and 68.4% of participants believed high blood glucose levels might cause vision problems. The mean ± standard deviation of the DR awareness score was 7.23 ± 2.74. Most participants had moderate level of awareness (39.5% of participants), 31.6% had good level of awareness, and 28.9% had poor level of awareness about T2D and DR. Participants without DR or who had DR for less than two years and those who had their eyes checked by a doctor last year had a significantly higher DR awareness level. Conclusion: We asked patients with T2D to assess their level of DR awareness. Most patients had moderate awareness levels, indicating a need for improved awareness of T2D complication on retina and treatment options. Patients should also be motivated for retinal screening to reduce the risk of visual complications. Furthermore, DR screening programs should not be limited to eye care centers. Improved awareness and access to screening programs will help patients and their healthcare providers achieve optimal outcomes in prevention of DR.
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Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients Seeking Eye Care Services in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:7674928. [PMID: 35692965 PMCID: PMC9177315 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7674928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To assess the knowledge and awareness of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among ophthalmic patients in Madang. Materials and Methods. This was a hospital-based study conducted at Madang Provincial Hospital Eye Clinic in Papua New Guinea. The study included all patients who visited the facility during the period of the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the patients’ demographics and their knowledge and awareness about diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Results. A total of 203 (97.6%) patients consented and participated in the study out of 208 patients who were approached. The age of participants ranged from 19 to 78 years with a median (IQR) of 41 (53–29) years. 107 (52.7%) were female participants. A majority of the participants (62.6%) had at least secondary education. A few of the participants (3.9%) had known diabetes, and 134 (66%) had no relatives or friends with diabetes. A total of 145 (71.4%) participants knew that diabetes can affect the eye. Most of the participants (93.6%) checked their eyes only when their vision was affected, 161 (79.3%) agreed that regular eye checks are necessary, and more than half (54.2%) knew that diabetes can lead to blindness. Age, gender, level of education, and whether a participant or participant’s friends and relatives had been diagnosed with diabetes were significantly associated with the knowledge and awareness of participants about diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion. A majority of the participants had good knowledge of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Health education and promotion will also help increase the awareness of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in the country.
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Pei X, Yao X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Xia M, Huang R, Wang Y, Li Z. Efficacy of artificial intelligence-based screening for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 184:109190. [PMID: 35031348 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS Data were obtained from 549 T2DM patients who visited the Fundus Disease Center at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from 2018/10-2020/09. DR identification and grading were conducted by two retina specialists, EyeWisdom®DSS and EyeWisdom®MCS, with ophthalmologist grading as reference standard, efficacy of EyeWisdom was evaluated according to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. RESULTS Ophthalmologists detected 324 DR cases. Among them, there were 43 of mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), 79 of moderate NPDR, 61 of severe NPDR, and 141 of proliferative DR (PDR). EyeWisdom®DSS detected 337 DR and EyeWisdom®MCS detected 264 DR. Sensitivity and specificity of EyeWisdom®DSS were 91.0%(95 %CI: 87.3%-93.8%) and 81.3% (95 %CI: 75.5%-86.1%), while EyeWisdom®MCS correctly identified 76.2%(95 %CI: 71.1%-80.7%) of patients with DR and 92.4%(95 %CI: 87.9%-95.4%) of patients without DR. EyeWisdom®DSS showed 76.5%(95 %CI: 69.6%-82.3%) sensitivity and 78.4%(95 %CI: 73.7%-82.5%) specificity for detecting NPDR and 64.5%(95 %CI: 56.0%-72.3%) sensitivity and 93.1%(95 %CI: 90.1%-95.3%) specificity for diagnosing PDR. CONCLUSION EyeWisdom®DSS is effective in screening for DR, and the accuracy of EyeWisdom®MCS was higher for identifying patients without DR. It is valuable to carry out AI-based DR screening in poorer regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingrui Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Nursing Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengting Xia
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Departments of Science and Technology Administration, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tripathi A, Singh A, Kharya P, Agarwal R. Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetes mellitus patients visiting a hospital of North India. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:1292-1298. [PMID: 35516672 PMCID: PMC9067181 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_977_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual disability leading to irreversible blindness. Awareness of diabetes and its ocular co-morbidities may help in preventing vision loss. Aim: To assess the awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic mellitus patients visiting a hospital in North India. Setting and Design: Cross-sectional study conducted at an outpatient clinic of ophthalmology department of a hospital. Materials and Methods: An interviewer-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the awareness of DR for the period from July 2020 to January 2021. Results: A total of 272 patients with diabetes mellitus (44.4% females and 55.5% males) were included in the study. The mean age of the study population was 53.4 ± 10 years. Of the 272 patients, 79% were aware that diabetes can affect the eyes, and 69.5% knew that DR can lead to blindness. Regarding prevention and treatment of DR, 58.1% of patients were aware that good glycemic control prevents DR and 52.6% knew that DR can be treated. Physicians were the main source of information in 47.4% of patients. The participants were not compliant with a routine retinal assessment with only 26.5% of them having previous fundus examination for DR screening. Conclusion: Most of the participants were aware of DR but there existed major deficits in the knowledge and behavior of diabetic patients toward management of DR. There is a need to create awareness about DR and emphasize the importance of retinal screening to reduce visual disability caused by diabetes.
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Mersha GA, Alimaw YA, Woredekal AT, Assaye AK, Zeleke TC. Awareness and knowledge of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients at a General Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211054994. [PMID: 34888050 PMCID: PMC8649097 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211054994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic retinopathy is an evident complication of diabetes on eye and contributes for significant portion of blindness worldwide. In Ethiopia, data are lacking on awareness and knowledge of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients. This study desired to assess knowledge of diabetic retinopathy and it is relating factors among diabetic patients attending at a General Hospital in Ethiopia. Methods We have interviewed 306 diabetic patients who were attending at Debre Tabor General Hospital. Binary logistic regression model was used to recognize associated factors to good knowledge of diabetic retinopathy. Adjusted odds ratio was used to show the power of association. A p-value of less than 0.05 was set to determine its statistical significance. Result The diabetic patients had a median age of 45 (range = 30) years. From the total diabetic patients, 242 (79.10%) knew that diabetes could affect the eye and 81 (26.50%) were aware of diabetic retinopathy. From those who were informed of diabetic retinopathy, 32 (39.50%) (95% confidence interval = 27.90-51.20) had good knowledge of diabetic retinopathy. High educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 4.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-16.50) and non-government employee (adjusted odds ratio = 0.19, 95% confidence interval = 0.05-0.70) were significantly associated with good knowledge of diabetic retinopathy. Physicians and eye doctors were the most frequent source of information for the awareness of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion From the total diabetic patients recruited in the study, 39.5% of them obtained information about diabetic retinopathy and the overall knowledge was poor among them. Knowledge of diabetes can affect the eye and it causes blindness was good among majority of the participants. Higher educational status and being a non-government employee were determined to be important predisposing factors of good knowledge. It is also better to involve diabetic educators and counselors in educating diabetic patients on the serious complication of diabetes on eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getasew Alemu Mersha
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yezinash Addis Alimaw
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asamere Tsegaw Woredekal
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aragaw Kegne Assaye
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tarekegn Chekilie Zeleke
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Wentzel A, Mchiza ZJR. Exploring Factors Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment Compliance Behaviour in Cape Town, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212209. [PMID: 34831965 PMCID: PMC8617604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Complete patient adherence to treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is critical to limit vision loss. There is a dearth of evidence regarding the reasons why South African patients referred for suspected vision-threatening DR stay compliant to or default their treatment. The current study sought to explore factors associated with treatment compliance among patients living with diabetes who have been referred for suspected vision-threatening DR in the Northern/Tygerberg sub-Structure (NTSS) public health care system of Cape Town, South Africa. A qualitative research approach was used where semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 adult patients living with DR, and 2 key informants who are primary eye care providers. Thematic data analysis was conducted using taguette.org. Fear of going blind was the most notable patient-related factor associated with compliance. Notable patient-related barriers reported were forgetfulness and a poor state of health. Notable institution-related barriers included suboptimal information received from health care service providers, poor referral management by the organisation delivering retinal screening services, as well as the inaccessibility of the main NTSS hospital via telephone calls. All these factors were confirmed by the key informants of the current study. Finally, all patients and key informants agreed that SARS-CoV-2 negatively affected patients’ adherence to their DR treatment. Hence, scaling up of health care, referral, and appointment setting services could increase the uptake of treatment and retinal screenings among patients attending the Cape Town, NTSS public health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalie Wentzel
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7501, South Africa
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Najmi H, Otaif W, Najmi M, Basehi M, Tobaigy M, Alsalim W, Awaji M, Najmi A. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice around Diabetic Eye Disease among Diabetic Patients in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2021; 28:123-128. [PMID: 34759671 PMCID: PMC8547667 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.326671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) around diabetic eye disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending primary health-care centers (PHCCs) in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: All diabetic patients attending eight PHCCs in Jazan region between December 2018 and December 2019 were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Face-to-face interviews were held to gather responses to a validated 20-item questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 293 patients aged 9–90 years (mean 50 years, standard deviation 14 years) agreed to participate, including 189 (64.5%) females and 104 (35.5%) males. Most (n = 251; 85.7%) had type 2 DM, the remainder (42; 14.3%) having type 1 DM. The mean duration of DM was 8.2 ± 6.4 years. Eye complications were self-reported by 114 (38.9%) participants. More than one-third (36.2%) of the participants had never undergone an eye examination. Less than one-third of participants (29% and 28% respectively) had an excellent level of knowledge or practice about diabetic eye disease, and only 12% demonstrated very positive attitude. KAP levels were independently predicted by patients' age, gender, and eye complication status. CONCLUSION: KAP relating to eye disease and eye care among Saudi patients with DM were less than desired. Rigorous efforts are required to raise awareness of eye complications among diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Najmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Otaif
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Najmi
- Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Basehi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad Tobaigy
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasan Alsalim
- Department of Family medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Awaji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik Najmi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Alswaina NF. Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1183-1187. [PMID: 34041148 PMCID: PMC8140237 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2231_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a major cause of vision loss. Increased awareness of DR is crucial for the prevention and early diagnosis of the disease and preservation of vision. The objective of this study is to assess the level of DR awareness in the Qassim region among type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who visited diabetic clinics between January and March 2019 in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. This study used structured questionnaires to assess awareness and knowledge of DR. The patients were considered to have a good level of DR awareness if they answered more than 60% of the questions correctly. Results: A total of 307 patients with type 2 DM, 201 males (65.5%) and 106 females (34.5%), participated in the current study. The results revealed that 63.5% of the participating patients involved in this study had good knowledge about DR; 86% of the patients had knowledge about the correlation between retinopathy and DM, and 89.9% believed that DR can be prevented by good control of diabetes. Conclusion: The study showed that about two-thirds of the participants were aware of DR, and most of them had knowledge about the relationship between retinopathy and DM. Younger patients and the group with a higher level of education were found to be more aware of DR. Awareness of DR should be correlated with behavioral practices to improve a patient's compliance in attending annual eye examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef F Alswaina
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Khatib F, Abu Tarboush N, Abu-Yaghi N, Alazzam M, Al-Ani A, Mafrachi B. Evaluating Awareness and Practices Towards Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in Adult Patients Attending the Eye Clinic in a Tertiary Academic Hospital in Jordan. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:1309-1316. [PMID: 33814898 PMCID: PMC8009538 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s299711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and Background Awareness of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, particularly diabetic retinopathy (DR), is one of the main factors of early detection and improved management. This study aims to assess the level of awareness of DM type 2 complications in a cohort of Jordanian patients, with special emphasis on DR. Methods A total of 176 consecutive patients with DM type 2 attending the ophthalmology clinic at Jordan University Hospital were included in the study. Each participant responded to a questionnaire which assessed their awareness and behaviors towards DM type 2 and DR. Results A total of 176 individuals with diabetes responded to the invitation to participate. They were 93 (52.8%) males and 83 (47.2%) females. Mean age (±SEM) for the study population was 60.6 (±0.82) years. Of all participants, 93.8% were aware that diabetes can affect the eyes. Only 4.5% reported that DR could occur without symptoms and/or loss of vision. Symptoms affecting the eyes were the main cause behind attending the ophthalmology clinic in 60.8% of the cases. The awareness score of participants for DM and DR ranged from 4 to 15 out of 20 with a mean score of 11.4/20. Statistically significant relationships of awareness mean score were observed with gender, educational level, employment status, insurance status, Hemoglobin (Hb) A1c level, and dyslipidemia as a co-morbidity (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression revealed disease duration and HbA1c as the main predictive factors of having DR. Conclusion Among this cohort of Jordanian individuals with diabetes, awareness towards DM and DR was relatively low, and patient practices did not correlate with perceived awareness. Awareness scores correlated with HbA1c readings and higher educational levels among other variables. Emphasis on communication strategies and patient education is essential in establishing efficient screening programs and effective strategies to curtail visual impairment and other complications of the diabetes pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nafez Abu Tarboush
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nakhleh Abu-Yaghi
- Department of Special Surgery - Ophthalmology Division, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Baraa Mafrachi
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Al-latayfeh M, Shatnawi R, Al Shdaifat AA. Attitudes and Awareness Towards Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Diabetes in Amman, Jordan. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1425-1430. [PMID: 33814919 PMCID: PMC8009339 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the attitudes and awareness about the development of retinopathy among the patients suffering from diabetes in Amman, Jordan. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed among patients with diabetes visiting internal medicine and endocrinology clinics in a tertiary hospital, in addition to a primary health care center in Amman. The questionnaire inquired about retinopathy awareness, history of screening for retinopathy, and awareness about retinopathy treatment. The patients were also asked about risk factors and preventive measures for diabetic retinopathy management. RESULTS A total of 303 patients were recruited in the study. Majority of the patients (77%) had their HbA1c levels tested at least once since diagnosis, and most of them (60%) do it regularly. However, 86% of patients reported an A1c >6.5%. Two thirds of patients are not aware about retinopathy being a recognized complication of diabetes. Lower level of education, female sex, younger age, and shorter duration of diabetes mellitus were associated with less awareness. CONCLUSION The study concluded that majority of patients with diabetes were aware of diabetes management. However, the sample population indicated less awareness of diabetic retinopathy. Hence, more educational efforts are needed to further boost patients' awareness about diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasem Al-latayfeh
- Department of General and Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Correspondence: Motasem Al-latayfeh The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 1134, Amman, 11947, Jordan Email
| | - Raed Shatnawi
- Department of General and Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Amjad A Al Shdaifat
- Department of Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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16
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Singh S, Shukla AK, Sheikh A, Gupta G, More A. Effect of health education and screening location on compliance with diabetic retinopathy screening in a rural population in Maharashtra. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:S47-S51. [PMID: 31937729 PMCID: PMC7001165 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1976_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the acceptance of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening by the proximity of care and health education in rural Maharashtra. Methods: Study was done in the public health facilities in four blocks (in two blocks at community health center (CHC) level and in other two blocks at primary health center (PHC) level with the provision of transport from villages to PHCs) over 3 months. Health education was not imparted in one block in each segment. Health education consisted of imparting knowledge on diabetes mellitus (DM) and DR by trained village-level workers. The screening was done using non-mydriatic fundus camera and teleophthalmology supported remote grading of DR. Results: In the study period, 1,472 people with known diabetes were screened in four blocks and 86.6% (n = 1275) gradable images were obtained from them. 9.9% (n = 126) were detected having DR and 1.9% (n = 24) having sight-threatening DR (STDR). More people accepted screening closer to their residence at the PHC than CHC (24.4% vs 11.4%; P < 0.001). Health education improved the screening uptake significantly (14.4% vs 18.7%; P < 0.01) irrespective of the place of screening—at CHC, 9.5% without health education vs 13.1% with health education; at PHC, 20.1% without health education versus 31.6% with health education. Conclusion: Conducting DR screening closer to the place of living at PHCs with the provision of transport and health education was more effective for an increase in the uptake of DR screening by people with known diabetes in rural Maharashtra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay K Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Azhar Sheikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girdharilal Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aarti More
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Diabetic retinopathy screening barriers among Palestinian primary health care patients: a qualitative study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:875-881. [PMID: 33520809 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) screening among Palestinian diabetic patients is limited. To improve the care of our patients, we explored the barriers to DR screening with a qualitative study. METHODS Three focus groups were conducted in the northern West Bank. Patients noncompliant with DR screening were recruited from Primary Health Care clinics. Questions were adapted from similar published studies. Informed consent was obtained and group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes by three researchers. RESULTS Most patients reported financial barriers including the costs of the exam and additional treatments, and transportation to the referral clinic. System related issues were the difficulty of getting appointments and long wait times due to inadequate numbers of ophthalmologists or screening facilities, and physicians failing to recommend screening. Personal concerns related to patients having other priorities, fears about the results, and the negative experiences of family members. Finally, cultural aspects included the stigma of wearing glasses and not doing a test for a condition without symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to completing retinopathy screening are multidimensional with financial, personal, educational, health system, and cultural factors. These should be taken into consideration by policy makers in order to increase the uptake and quality of service.
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Al-Yahya A, Alsulaiman A, Almizel A, Barri A, Al Adel F. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of Diabetics Towards Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:3187-3194. [PMID: 33116369 PMCID: PMC7553261 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s269524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complication present a major morbidity burden among Saudi population. Awareness and proper knowledge of this highly prevalent disease is crucial to enhance early detection and proper intervention. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetic patients towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 randomly selected primary care centers and two university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between May and December 2018. Diabetic patients ≥18 years old were enrolled in the study. A validated KAP-45 questionnaire was used to assess the KAP levels of diabetics towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority were males 168 (59.8%). The median age was 49 ±24, and the median duration of diabetes was 8 ±11 years. The average knowledge score for diabetes was 10 (good). While the average knowledge score for diabetic retinopathy was 4.5 (suboptimal). The average attitude scores for both diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were 0 and 2 (suboptimal), respectively. The average practice score for diabetes was 5 (good) while it was 3 (low) for diabetic retinopathy. The most common barrier to comply with regular follow-up was inadequate knowledge about the importance of periodic eye exam 47.1% (107). Patients with low socio-economic status had a significantly poor knowledge regarding diabetes (P<0.0001) and diabetic retinopathy (P<0.015), respectively. However, patients with low educational level had a significantly poor knowledge (p<0.0001) and poor practice regarding diabetes (P<0.013), respectively. CONCLUSION It is important to improve education and awareness of DM and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics, as it's essential for controlling the disease and reducing its complications, by improving patient compliance to treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fadwa Al Adel
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Qaseem Y, Samra S, German O, Gray E, Gill MK. <p>Self-Reported Awareness of Retinopathy Severity in Diabetic Patients</p>. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:2855-2863. [PMID: 33061270 PMCID: PMC7524196 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s267993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) may be asymptomatic in both mild and advanced stages. A patient’s accurate perception of their DR severity may therefore be critical for effective self-management behaviors and understanding the need for timely intervention and follow-up. Purpose To evaluate the relationship between self-reported and actual retinopathy severity in diabetic patients. Methods This study was a single-center cross-sectional survey. Diabetic patients identified by enterprise data warehouse were sent an online questionnaire where they were asked to self-assess for presence of DR and grade their severity. Actual DR grading was determined via chart review. The primary outcome measures were patient-assessed DR severity and agreement with actual DR severity. Results Of 3208 invitations sent, 324 (10%) patients responded and 319 responses were analyzed. The data showed that 39 of 253 (15%) with no DR, 26 of 40 (65%) with mild/moderate DR, and 24 of 26 (92%) with severe DR believed they had DR (p<0.001). Of those with no DR, 214 of 253 (85%) accurately assessed absence of DR. Of those with mild/moderate DR, 25 of 40 (63%) accurately assessed their severity, 14 of 40 (35%) believed they had no DR, and 1 of 40 (3%) believed they had severe DR. In patients with severe DR, 9 of 26 (35%) correctly assessed their severity, 15 of 26 (58%) believed they had mild/moderate DR, and 2 of 26 (8%) believed they had no DR. Conclusion Patients with severe DR were the most likely to report presence of DR, but often underestimated their disease severity. Many with mild/moderate DR did not realize they had DR. This consistent underestimation of severity across all a significant barrier to timely follow-up and treatment necessary to prevent future visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqoob Qaseem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahej Samra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olga German
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Biostatistics Collaboration Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manjot K Gill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Correspondence: Manjot K Gill Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Suite 440, 645 N Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL60611, USATel +1 312-908-8152 Email
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20
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Alluhaymid YM, Alotaibi FY, Alotaibi AB, Albasha AM, Alnaim AS, Sabi EM, Mujamammi AH. Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among Saudis with diabetes type 2 in Riyadh city. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4229-4233. [PMID: 33110837 PMCID: PMC7586587 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_731_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for Saudis with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in Riyadh City. Methods: A cross-sectional study that used self-administered questionnaires conducted in primary healthcare centers in Riyadh City between October and December 2019. Results: There were 267 Saudi participants with diabetes mellitus type 2 visiting primary healthcare clinics. (52.4%) were aged 40 years or above at time of diagnosis with diabetes. (73%) had diabetes for at least 5 years. Most of the participants have a good blood glucose control and they do home measurements. In regard to DR, (64.4%) of participants had no subjective or objective indicators of retinopathy, and (70%) had visited ophthalmology clinics. Majority of the participants were advised about DR or referred to an ophthalmologist by their primary physician, with the percentages being (64.8%) and (59.6%), respectively. Regarding other risk factors of DR, (19.5%) had a family history of DR, (23.2%) of participant are smokers and (41.6%) were hypertensives. Majority of the participants were aware about all the aspects of DR, its consequences, and appropriate management except the laser therapy. In terms of area of living and education respondents, who lived in the center of Riyadh City and the secondary level or less educated participants had the lowest level of education. Conclusions: Awareness of DR is acceptable but should not lead this information to reduced awareness and educational programs. Outreach researchers' efforts should cover other directions instead awareness of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M Alluhaymid
- College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzan Y Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah M Albasha
- College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Essa M Sabi
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Mujamammi
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Duan F, Zheng Y, Zhao Q, Huang Z, Wu Y, Zhou G, Chen X. Knowledge and practices regarding diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients registered in a chronic disease management system in eastern China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234733. [PMID: 32822350 PMCID: PMC7444505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the knowledge and practices regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetic patients included in a community-based primary health system (CBPHS) in China. METHODS Diabetic patients aged 18 years and above registered in the CBPHS in Yueqing city, Zhejiang province were recruited. Information obtained by questionnaire included: demographic and socioeconomic status, knowledge about DR, and ocular and medical history. The primary outcome was whether the participant knew that DM can affect the eyes, defined according to the question: "Do you know diabetes mellitus (DM) can affect eyes? (yes or no)". A knowledge score was calculated based on the responses to seven questions, with 1 point awarded for a correct response and 0 points for an incorrect or uncertain answer. RESULTS A total of 1972 diabetic patients were included in the study with an average age of 65.2±10.8 years, 45.7% were male. One thousand two hundred and nineteen patients (61.8%) knew that DM can affect the eyes. Significant differences in age, education, income status, insurance covering eye care, fasting blood glucose, duration of DM, history of hypertension existed between subjects who knew and those who did not know that DM can affect the eyes (P<0.05 for all). The proportion of correct answers to the DR knowledge questions ranged from 33.3% to 61.8%, with an average score of 3.65±2.47. In the multiple regression analysis, the knowledge score was significantly associated with age, education, income, history of hypertension, duration of DM, being told that regular examinations should be performed and concern about vision loss (P <0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS The knowledge toward DR among DM patients were still low within the chronic disease management system in eastern China. Routine ophthalmic screening, health care promotions, and educational programs should be emphasized and implemented for better DR prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Duan
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ze Huang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuedan Wu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (GZ)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (GZ)
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22
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Abu Ameerh MA, Hamad GI. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and related risk factors among diabetic patients with retinopathy attending the Jordan University Hospital. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:529-535. [PMID: 32202144 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120912691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among diabetic patients suffering from retinopathy, and to identify crucial risk factors that affect patients' quality of life and whether social support mediates the relationship between retinopathy and depression. METHODS The sample comprises 155 participants with diabetic retinopathy recruited from the Jordan University Hospital during the year 2017. Arabic versions of all study tools were employed as follows: the Beck Depression Inventory; the short form of the health survey; the Berlin social support scale; ophthalmic examinations; patients' records; and a demographic questionnaire. ANALYSES Descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, linear regression using SPSS, and mediation analysis using the Sobel test were applied. In addition, the odds ratio analysis and qualitative analyses for the open-ended questions were included. RESULTS In general, 13 (8.9%) of our patients did not manifest any symptoms of depression while 42 (27.1%) had a mild mood disturbance, 26 (16.8%) were on the borderline of clinical depression, 47 (30.3%) had moderate depression, 22 (14.2%) with severe depression, and 5 (3.2%) had extreme depression. The results indicate a nonsignificant positive correlation between social support and health-related quality of life and a nonsignificant positive relationship between retinopathy severity and depression. Meanwhile, our results revealed a significant negative relationship between depression and social support and a nonsignificant negative relationship between retinopathy severity and social support. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that diabetic patients with retinopathy have a higher risk of developing depression. Hence, psychological interventions are highly needed to meet the mental health needs of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Abu Ameerh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghada Ismail Hamad
- Department of Students Counseling, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Sharma S, Jha J, Varshney A, Chauhan L. Awareness of various aspects of diabetes among people visiting tertiary eye care institute in north India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Al-Sahouri A, Merrell J, Snelgrove S. Barriers to good glycemic control levels and adherence to diabetes management plan in adults with Type-2 diabetes in Jordan: a literature review. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:675-693. [PMID: 31118591 PMCID: PMC6507072 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s198828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly controlled Type-2 diabetes is considered a significant public health problem and associated with adverse outcomes in Jordan. This review focuses on barriers to good glycemic control levels and adherence to diabetes management plan in adults with Type-2 diabetes in Jordan. The aim was to identify the extent of Type-2 diabetes and the influence of knowledge, perceptions and sociocultural factors on adherence to the diabetes management plan. Thirty-two studies were included in the literature review. The high prevalence rate of poorly controlled Type-2 diabetes is associated with many negative consequences among patients in Jordan. Despite the publication of research findings that have shown the importance of adherence to diet, physical activity, medications, monitoring blood glucose and foot care, the level of adherence is still unsatisfactory among patients in Jordan. This review also identified that social, cultural and religious factors influence diabetes management. These factors highlighted the overwhelming influence of socio-cultural factors and lifestyles as determinants of patients' health and health behaviors. For example, the influence of family, friends and culture on herbal use and food preferences that patients make on a daily basis and during social gatherings. A holistic approach incorporating patient-centered care could usefully be incorporated into educational programs to improve the understanding of patients' health and information needs. The importance of factors beyond the individual level in terms of social, cultural, organizational and policy influences such as food habits, religious beliefs and lack of continuity of care were identified as key factors which influence adherence to the diabetes management plan. Recognition of multiple determinants of patients' health among health care professionals may expand the scope of interventions to seek to modify social norms and values and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Al-Sahouri
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Joy Merrell
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sherrill Snelgrove
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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25
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Abdulaal AE, Alobaid OM, Alotaibi AG, Aldihan KA, Alnasyan AY, Albassam AA, AlSenani MI, Alnasyan A. Diabetic patients' awareness of diabetic retinopathy symptoms and complications. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:49-53. [PMID: 30911480 PMCID: PMC6396597 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_349_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a very common chronic endocrinological disease. A total of 8.8% of the adult population worldwide was diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy is a silent disease, early detection and intervention is essential for its management and prognosis. Aim: To assess the diabetic patients’ awareness of diabetic retinopathy symptoms and complications. Methods: This is a cross-sectional community-based study which was conducted in Saudi Arabia using a survey from the period between June and September 2018 on all diabetic Saudi participants between 15 and 75 years of age. Results: This study involved 385 participants. The average age of the participants was 47.82 ± 14.49. The study only involved patients who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellites (DM) or 2 DM. And 81% of the samples were diagnosed with type 2 DM. A total of 311 participants were aware of the DM effect on the eye. There was a significant difference between gender regarding the effect of DM on the retina in good control patients. On the subject of the source of participants’ knowledge of DM and its complication, there was a notable difference between groups. Conclusion: An acceptable level of knowledgewas noted among patients. However, some points of knowledge should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Eid Abdulaal
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Majed Alobaid
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Abdulaziz Aldihan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mesaed Ibrahim AlSenani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alnasyan
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Sultan Primary Health Care, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alsaidan AA, Ghoraba M. Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary health care in security forces hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2433-2438. [PMID: 31463272 PMCID: PMC6691402 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_324_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is characterized by distortion in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and involves hyperglycemia. DM has different types. Several complications are associated with diabetes including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR can further results in bad outcomes that can be avoided by early diagnosis and management. Aim The aim of this paper is to assess the awareness and knowledge level about DR among type 2 DM patients in primary health care in security forces hospital. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on Saudi patients with type 2 DM who visited primary health care in security forces hospital. Results This study included 174 participants, with equal male to female ratio was 1:1, there were 64.9% participants who reported controlled blood glucose level, and 47.1% reported that eye was affected by diabetes. There were 82.8% participants who had awareness about DR; the level of awareness differs significantly with sex (P value = 0.04) and the level of DM control (P value = 0.02). Conclusion There was high level of knowledge regarding DR; however, there were few percent of participants who had no awareness and still at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Awad Alsaidan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat Ghoraba
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlHargan MH, AlBaker KM, AlFadhel AA, AlGhamdi MA, AlMuammar SM, AlDawood HA. Awareness, knowledge, and practices related to diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients in primary healthcare centers at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:373-377. [PMID: 30984641 PMCID: PMC6436279 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_422_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication for diabetes mellitus (DM), with around 35% of diabetic patients developing some form of DR. Aims This study assessed the awareness toward DR, practice of regular eye examination, and DM control among diabetic patients. Settings and Design This was a cross-sectional study among diabetics at two primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who were selected by convenience sampling. Methods and Materials The questionnaire contained sections for demography, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward DR, and compliance to DM treatment. The association of awareness about retinopathy with demographics was compared. Statistical Analysis Used The association of awareness about retinopathy and education level with demographics and compliance with treatment were compared using Chi-square test. Results In total, 280 diabetic patients were included, 187 (67%) were males, mean age was 58.9 ± 10.1 years, and median duration of diabetes was 10 years. There was good awareness about DR, diabetes was well controlled in 170 (61%) patients, but less than half (45%) had their eyes checked within 1 year. Patients with education level of high school and above had higher awareness than those with no formal education (P < 0.001). Also, those with income level >10,000 SR had higher awareness than those with income ≤5,000 SR (P < 0.05). Conclusion There was high awareness among the diabetic patients regarding DR but annual check-up was done in less than half of the patients. Improvement is required for scheduling annual eye examinations for the early detection of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal H AlHargan
- Department of Family Medicine and PHC, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M AlBaker
- Department of Family Medicine and PHC, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed A AlFadhel
- Department of Family Medicine and PHC, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A AlGhamdi
- Department of Family Medicine and PHC, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman M AlMuammar
- Department of Family Medicine and PHC, College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A AlDawood
- Department of Family Medicine and PHC, College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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