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Hirose M, Inoue K, Matoba S, Tatebe T, Tokita S, Dodo Y, Tomishima T, Hasegawa A, Honda A, Ozaki M, Shinogi A, Yanagisawa R, Fauzi M, Murakami T, Inagaki N, Tamura M, Ogura A. Disruption of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) causes non-obese type 2 diabetes with β-cell dysfunction in the golden (Syrian) hamster. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17450. [PMID: 39134590 PMCID: PMC11319448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of the advent of genome-editing technology, gene knockout (KO) hamsters have become attractive research models for diverse diseases in humans. This study established a new KO model of diabetes by disrupting the insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) gene in the golden (Syrian) hamster. Homozygous KO animals were born alive but with delayed postnatal growth until adulthood. They showed hyperglycemia, high HbA1c, and impaired glucose tolerance. However, they normally responded to insulin stimulation, unlike Irs2 KO mice, an obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) model. Consistent with this, Irs2 KO hamsters did not increase serum insulin levels upon glucose administration and showed β-cell hypoplasia in their pancreas. Thus, our Irs2 KO hamster provide a unique T2D animal model that is distinct from the obese T2D models. This model may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of human non-obese T2D with β-cell dysfunction, the most common type of T2D in East Asian countries, including Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimiko Inoue
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shogo Matoba
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaki Tatebe
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Syun Tokita
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Dodo
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Arata Honda
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mao Ozaki
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Fauzi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Murakami
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
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2
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Zhu L, Ying N, Hao L, Fu A, Ding Q, Cao F, Ren D, Han Q, Li S. Probiotic yogurt regulates gut microbiota homeostasis and alleviates hepatic steatosis and liver injury induced by high-fat diet in golden hamsters. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2488-2501. [PMID: 38628190 PMCID: PMC11016441 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of probiotic yogurt on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in metabolic-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) golden hamsters fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). The results demonstrated that probiotic yogurt significantly reversed the adverse effects caused by HFD, such as body and liver weight gain, liver steatosis and damage, sterol deposition, and oxidative stress after 8 weeks of intervention. qRT-PCR analysis showed that golden hamsters fed HFD had upregulated genes related to adipogenesis, increased free fatty acid infiltration, and downregulated genes related to lipolysis and very low-density lipoprotein secretion. Probiotic yogurt supplements significantly inhibited HFD-induced changes in the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal content microbiota suggested that probiotic yogurt changed the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-fed hamsters. Probiotic yogurt decreased the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of the LPS-producing genus Desulfovibrio, and bacteria involved in lipid metabolism, whereas it increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria in HFD-fed hamsters. Predictive functional analysis of the microbial community showed that probiotic yogurt-modified genes involved in LPS biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. In summary, these findings support the possibility that probiotic yogurt significantly improves HFD-induced metabolic disorders through modulating intestinal microflora and lipid metabolism and effectively regulating the occurrence and development of MAFLD. Therefore, probiotic yogurt supplementation may serve as an effective nutrition strategy for the treatment of patients with MAFLD clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwensi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Na Ying
- School of Life ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Liuyi Hao
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ai Fu
- School of Life ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Qinchao Ding
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal ScienceZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Feiwei Cao
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Daxi Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal ScienceZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Qiang Han
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
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3
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Akbari G, Mard SA, Savari F, Barati B, Sameri MJ. Characterization of diet based nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rodent models: Histological and biochemical outcomes. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:813-824. [PMID: 35475465 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as the most common chronic liver disease, is rapidly increasing worldwide. This complex disorder can include simple liver steatosis to more serious stages of nonalcoholic fibrosis and steatohepatitis (NASH). One of the critical concerns in NASH research is selecting and confiding in relying on preclinical animal models and experimental methods that can accurately reflect the situation in human NASH. Recently, creating nutritional models of NASH with a closer dietary pattern in human has been providing reliable, simple, and reproducible tools that hope to create a better landscape for showing the recapitulation of disease pathophysiology. This review focuses on recent research on rodent models (mice, rats, and hamsters) in the induction of the dietary model of NAFLD /NASH. This research tries to compile the different dietary compositions of NASH, time frames required for disease development, and their impact on liver histological features as well as metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Medical Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Physiology, The school of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Feryal Savari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
| | - Barat Barati
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Maryam J Sameri
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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4
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Zhao CZ, Jiang L, Li WY, Wu G, Chen J, Dong LH, Li M, Jiang W, Zhu JX, Gao YP, Ma QG, Zhong GY, Wei RR. Establishment and metabonomics analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in golden hamster. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:197-206. [PMID: 35286786 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to establish a model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by feeding with high-fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol diet (HFFCD) in golden hamsters, and to investigate the characteristics of the NAFLD model and metabolite changes of liver tissue. Golden hamsters were fed HFFCD or control diets for six weeks. Body weight, abdominal fat index, and liver index was assessed, serum parameters, hepatic histology, and liver metabolites were examined. The results showed that body weight, abdominal fat, and liver index of hamsters were significantly increased in the model group, the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased in model group as well, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased. In addition, lipid deposition in liver tissue formed fat vacuoles of different sizes. Metabonomics analysis of the liver showed that the metabolic pathways of sphingolipid, glycerophospholipids, and arginine biosynthesis were disordered in the NAFLD model. The modeling method is simple, short time, and uniform. It can simulate the early fatty liver caused by common dietary factors, and provides an ideal model for the study of the initial pathogenesis and therapeutic drugs for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Zhu Zhao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Guang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Li-Hua Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yan-Ping Gao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin-Ge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Guo-Yue Zhong
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Rong-Rui Wei
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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Kanthe PS, Patil BS, Das KK. Terminalia arjuna supplementation ameliorates high fat diet-induced oxidative stress in nephrotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:409-417. [PMID: 33743558 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress; also it makes deleterious effect on kidney functions and land up in lipotoxicity in renal tissue. Lipotoxicity is the pathological situation where lipid Peroxidation occurs and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS than antioxidant present in tissues cause oxidative stress. Terminalia arjuna is found to be potential antioxidant that counteract oxidative stress and possibly maintain glomerular integrity. METHODS Ethanolic extract of T. arjuna (ETO) was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into four groups, having six rats in each group as following; group 1-Control (20% fat); group 2 (ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt). Dietary and ETO supplementation were continued for 21 days. Gravimetric, kidney functions (blood urea and serum creatinine) and oxidative stress markers like MDA, SOD and GSH were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was done on kidney along with measurement of glomerular integrity. Morphometrical analysis of glomerular integrity was evaluated by measuring glomerular length, width, glomerular area and Bowman's capsule radius. One way ANOVA was done for analysis of data. RESULTS Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in high fat fed rats indicating renal dysfunction. High fat diet showed significant increase in MDA, decrease in SOD and GSH in rats fed with high fat diet, which indicate generation of oxidative stress. Supplementation of ETO showed amelioratic effect against high fat diet induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress. Histopathological findings were significantly corroborated with morphometrical analysis of glomerular integrity. CONCLUSIONS Ethanolic extracts of T. arjuna supplementation found to be beneficial against high fat induced renal alterations in terms of functions and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi S Kanthe
- Physiology, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kusal K Das
- Physiology, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
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6
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Low doses of eriocitrin attenuate metabolic impairment of glucose and lipids in ongoing obesogenic diet in mice. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e59. [PMID: 33489104 PMCID: PMC7801930 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eriocitrin is a citrus flavonoid with a high capacity to reduce the oxidative stress related to metabolic disorders and obesity. We assessed the effects of low doses of eriocitrin on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism of glucose and lipids of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into five groups (n 10). The mice were fed an HFD (45 % kcal from fat, i.e. lard) for 4 weeks for obesity induction. After this period, the mice continued receiving the same HFD, but supplemented with eriocitrin at 10, 25 or 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) for an additional 4 weeks. Control groups were fed with standard diet (10 % kcal of fat, i.e. soy oil) or with HFD without eriocitrin, for eight consecutive weeks. At the end of the study, mice supplemented with eriocitrin showed lower levels of blood serum glucose and blood and liver triacylglycerols (P < 0⋅05). There was also improved levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, total-cholesterol, resistin and lipid peroxidation in the supplemented mice. It was concluded that the 25 mg dose of eriocitrin improved all the parameters studied and had positive effects on oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and metabolism of lipids and glucose in general.
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7
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Radhakrishnan S, Ke JY, Pellizzon MA. Targeted Nutrient Modifications in Purified Diets Differentially Affect Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Disease Development in Rodent Models. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa078. [PMID: 32494762 PMCID: PMC7250583 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex spectrum of disorders ranging from simple benign steatosis to more aggressive forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Although not every patient with NAFLD/NASH develops liver complications, if left untreated it may eventually lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Purified diets formulated with specific nutritional components can drive the entire spectrum of NAFLD in rodent models. Although they may not perfectly replicate the clinical and histological features of human NAFLD, they provide a model to gain further understanding of disease progression in humans. Owing to the growing demand of diets for NAFLD research, and for our further understanding of how manipulation of dietary components can alter disease development, we outlined several commonly used dietary approaches for rodent models, including mice, rats, and hamsters, time frames required for disease development and whether other metabolic diseases commonly associated with NAFLD in humans occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Yu Ke
- Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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8
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Asokan SM, Hung TH, Li ZY, Chiang WD, Lin WT. Protein hydrolysate from potato confers hepatic-protection in hamsters against high fat diet induced apoptosis and fibrosis by suppressing Caspase-3 and MMP2/9 and by enhancing Akt-survival pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:283. [PMID: 31653214 PMCID: PMC6814989 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potato protein hydrolysate, APPH is a potential anti-obesity diet ingredient. Since, obesity leads to deterioration of liver function and associated liver diseases, in this study the effect of APPH on high fat diet (HFD) associated liver damages was investigated. METHODS Six week old male hamsters were randomly separated to six groups (n = 8) as control, HFD (HFD fed obese), L-APPH (HFD + 15 mg/kg/day of APPH), M-APPH (HFD + 30 mg/kg/day), H-APPH (HFD + 75 mg/kg/day of APPH) and PB (HFD + 500 mg/kg/day of probucol). HFD fed hamsters were administered with APPH 50 days through oral gavage. The animals were euthanized and the number of apoptotic nuclei in liver tissue was determined by TUNEL staining and the extent of interstitial fibrosis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining. Modulation in the molecular events associated with apoptosis and fibrosis were elucidated from the western blotting analysis of the total protein extracts. RESULTS Hamsters fed with high fat diet showed symptoms of liver damage as measured from serum markers like alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. However a 50 day long supplementation of APPH effectively ameliorated the effects of HFD. HFD also modulated the expression of survival and apoptosis proteins in the hamster liver. Further the HFD groups showed elevated levels of fibrosis markers in liver. The increase in fibrosis and apoptosis was correlated with the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK1/2) revealing a potential role of ERK in the HFD mediated liver damage. However APPH treatment reduced the effect of HFD on the apoptosis and fibrosis markers considerably and provided hepato-protection. CONCLUSION APPH can therefore be considered as an efficient therapeutic agent to ameliorate high fat diet related liver damages.
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9
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Kaabia Z, Poirier J, Moughaizel M, Aguesse A, Billon-Crossouard S, Fall F, Durand M, Dagher E, Krempf M, Croyal M. Plasma lipidomic analysis reveals strong similarities between lipid fingerprints in human, hamster and mouse compared to other animal species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15893. [PMID: 30367109 PMCID: PMC6203725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are often associated with impaired lipid metabolism. Animal models are useful for deciphering the physiological mechanisms underlying these pathologies. However, lipid metabolism is contrasted between species limiting the transposition of findings from animals to human. Hence, we aimed to compare extended lipid profiles of several animal species to bring new insights in animal model selections. Human lipid phenotype was compared with those of 10 animal species. Standard plasma lipids and lipoprotein profiles were obtained by usual methods and lipidomic analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). As anticipated, we found contrasted lipid profiles between species. Some of them exhibited similar plasma lipids to human (non-human primate, rat, hamster, pig), but only usual lipid profiles of pigs were superimposable with human. LC-HRMS analyses allowed the identification of 106 other molecular species of lipids, common to all samples and belonging to major lipid families. Multivariate analyses clearly showed that hamster and, in a lower extent mouse, exhibited close lipid fingerprints to that of human. Besides, several lipid candidates that were previously reported to study cardiovascular diseases ranged similarly in human and hamster. Hence, hamster appeared to be the best option to study physiological disturbances related to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Kaabia
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Poirier
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Michelle Moughaizel
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France.,Inra, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Billon-Crossouard
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France.,Inra, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France
| | - Fanta Fall
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Manon Durand
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Elie Dagher
- Department of Pathology, Oniris, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France.,Inra, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and Nutrition, G and R Laennec Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Mass Spectrometry Core facility of West Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNHO), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Nantes, France. .,Inra, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France.
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10
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High-Fructose Consumption Impairs the Redox System and Protein Quality Control in the Brain of Syrian Hamsters: Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7973-7986. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nakamura T, Karakida N, Dantsuka A, Ichii O, Elewa YHA, Kon Y, Nagasaki KI, Hattori H, Yoshiyasu T. Effects of a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol on anesthesia and blood biochemistry and the antagonizing action of atipamezole in hamsters. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1230-1235. [PMID: 28603217 PMCID: PMC5559369 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are useful laboratory rodents for studying human infectious diseases, metabolic diseases and cancer. In other rodents, such as mice and rats, a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol functions as a useful anesthetic, although it alters some blood biochemical parameters. In this study, we examined the effects of this mixture on anesthesia and blood biochemical parameters, and the action of atipamezole, a medetomidine antagonist, in hamsters. Intramuscular injection of a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol at doses of 0.15, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, had a short induction time (within 5 min) and produced an anesthetic duration of approximately 100 min in hamsters. We also demonstrated that 0.15 mg/kg of atipamezole, corresponding to the same dose as medetomidine, made hamsters recover quickly from anesthesia. The anesthetic agent markedly altered metabolic parameters, such as plasma glucose and insulin; however, 0.15 mg/kg of atipamezole returned these levels to normal range within approximately 10 min after the injection. The anesthetic also slightly altered mineral levels, such as plasma inorganic phosphorus, calcium and sodium; the latter two were also improved by atipamezole. Our results indicated that the mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol at doses of 0.15, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, functioned as an effective anesthetic, and atipamezole was useful for antagonizing both anesthesia and biochemical alteration in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Nakamura
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.,Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoya Karakida
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Ai Dantsuka
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagasaki
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Tama Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Hideki Hattori
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoji Yoshiyasu
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
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12
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Jordania da Silva V, Dias SRC, Maioli TU, Serafim LR, Furtado LFV, Quintão Silva MDG, Faria AMCD, Rabelo ÉML. Obesity induction in hamster that mimics the human clinical condition. Exp Anim 2017; 66:235-244. [PMID: 28367889 PMCID: PMC5543244 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although obesity is well established in hamsters, studies using diets with high levels of
simple carbohydrate associated with lipids are necessary to assess the impact of this type
of food in the body. In this study a high sugar and butter diet (HSB) and high temperature
were employed towards this end. Obesity was successfully induced at a temperature of
30.3°C to 30.9°C after 38 days feeding the animals an HSB diet. It was shown that although
diet is important for the induction of obesity, temperature is also essential because at a
temperature slightly below the one required, obesity was not induced, even when the
animals were fed for a longer period (150 days).The obese clinical condition was
accompanied by biochemical and hematological changes, as increased cholesterol and
triglyceride levels and increased leukocyte numbers, similar to alterations observed in
obese humans. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that increasing the intake of simple
carbohydrates associated with lipids provided evidence of inflammation in obese
animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Jordania da Silva
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Antônio Carlos Ave, 6627, Pampulha. CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Center University UNA, Guajajaras St, 175, Center. CEP 30180-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Regina Costa Dias
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Antônio Carlos Ave, 6627, Pampulha. CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Center University Estácio Juiz de Fora, Av. Presidente João Goulart, 600, Cruzeiro do Sul. CEP 36030-900. Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Nutrition Department, Nursering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Alfredo Balena Ave, 190, Santa Efigênia, CEP 30130-100
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Serafim
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Antônio Carlos Ave, 6627, Pampulha. CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Viana Furtado
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Antônio Carlos Ave, 6627, Pampulha. CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Caetano de Faria
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Ave, 6627, Pampulha. CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Élida Mara Leite Rabelo
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Antônio Carlos Ave, 6627, Pampulha. CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rezza G, Ippolito G. Syrian Hamsters as a Small Animal Model for Emerging Infectious Diseases: Advances in Immunologic Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 972:87-101. [PMID: 27722960 PMCID: PMC7121384 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of small animal models for the study of infectious disease is critical for understanding disease progression and for developing prophylactic and therapeutic treatment options. For many diseases, Syrian golden hamsters have emerged as an ideal animal model due to their low cost, small size, ease of handling, and ability to accurately reflect disease progression in humans. Despite the increasing use and popularity of hamsters, there remains a lack of available reagents for studying hamster immune responses. Without suitable reagents for assessing immune responses, researchers are left to examine clinical signs and disease pathology. This becomes an issue for the development of vaccine and treatment options where characterizing the type of immune response generated is critical for understanding protection from disease. Despite the relative lack of reagents for use in hamsters, significant advances have been made recently with several hamster specific immunologic methods being developed. Here we discuss the progress of this development, with focus on classical methods used as well as more recent molecular methods. We outline what methods are currently available for use in hamsters and what is readily used as well as what limitations still exist and future perspectives of reagent and assay development for hamsters. This will provide valuable information to researchers who are deciding whether to use hamsters as an animal model.
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Fatoorechi V, Rismanchi M, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effects of Persian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) on hepatic lipids and the expression of proinflammatory gene in hamsters fed a high-fat/ high-cholesterol diet. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2016; 6:418-24. [PMID: 27516982 PMCID: PMC4967837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persian leek is one of the most widely used herbal foods among Iranians. In this study, effects of oral administration of Persian leek on plasma and liver lipids were examined in hamster. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into three groups: control (standard diet), high fat control (high-fat/high-cholesterol diet), Persian leek (high-fat/high-cholesterol diet + 1% per weight of diet from dried powdered Persian leek) for 14 weeks. RESULTS High fat diet increased plasma and liver lipids as compared to standard diet. Adding Persian leek to the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet resulted in no significant changes in the concentration of the plasma lipids or liver cholesterol. However, liver triglycerides (TG), plasma Alanine aminotransferase and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor- α were decreased in hamsters fed high-fat diet containing Persian leek as compared to high-fat diet only. CONCLUSION Persian leek might be considered as a herbal food that can reduce liver TG accumulation induced by high fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Fatoorechi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Rismanchi
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: 982122357483, Fax: +982122360660,
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Ying B, Toth K, Spencer JF, Aurora R, Wold WSM. Transcriptome sequencing and development of an expression microarray platform for liver infection in adenovirus type 5-infected Syrian golden hamsters. Virology 2015; 485:305-12. [PMID: 26319212 PMCID: PMC4619110 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Syrian golden hamster is an attractive animal for research on infectious diseases and other diseases. We report here the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the Syrian hamster transcriptome. We include transcripts from ten pooled tissues from a naïve hamster and one stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Our data set identified 42,707 non-redundant transcripts, representing 34,191 unique genes. Based on the transcriptome data, we generated a custom microarray and used this new platform to investigate the transcriptional response in the Syrian hamster liver following intravenous adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) infection. We found that Ad5 infection caused a massive change in regulation of liver transcripts, with robust up-regulation of genes involved in the antiviral response, indicating that the innate immune response functions in the host defense against Ad5 infection of the liver. The data and novel platforms developed in this study will facilitate further development of this important animal model. Syrian hamster transcriptome; 42,707 transcripts representing 34,191 unique genes Syrian hamster custom expression microarray platform Ad5 intravenous infection of the Syrian hamster liver Ad5 upregulation of hamster liver genes involved in innate antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ying
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Karoly Toth
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Jacqueline F Spencer
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Rajeev Aurora
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - William S M Wold
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
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Ruscogenin ameliorates experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via suppressing lipogenesis and inflammatory pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:652680. [PMID: 25136608 PMCID: PMC4127260 DOI: 10.1155/2014/652680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of ruscogenin, a major steroid sapogenin in Ophiopogon japonicus, on experimental models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. HepG2 cells were exposed to 300 μmol/l palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h with the preincubation of ruscogenin for another 24 h. Ruscogenin (10.0 μmol/l) had inhibitory effects on PA-induced triglyceride accumulation and inflammatory markers in HepG2 cells. Male golden hamsters were randomly divided into five groups fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with ruscogenin (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg/day) by gavage once daily for 8 weeks. Ruscogenin alleviated dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and necroinflammation and reversed plasma markers of metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed hamsters. Hepatic mRNA levels involved in fatty acid oxidation were increased in ruscogenin-treated HFD-fed hamsters. Conversely, ruscogenin decreased expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractive mediator, nuclear transcription factor-(NF-) κB, and α-smooth muscle actin were increased in the HFD group, which were attenuated by ruscogenin. Ruscogenin may attenuate HFD-induced steatohepatitis through downregulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, reducing hepatic lipogenic gene expression, and upregulating proteins in β-oxidation pathway.
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Zerumbone, a Natural Cyclic Sesquiterpene of Zingiber zerumbet Smith, Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hamsters Fed on High-Fat Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:303061. [PMID: 24223615 PMCID: PMC3810186 DOI: 10.1155/2013/303061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of zerumbone, a natural cyclic sesquiterpene, on hepatic lipid metabolism in Syrian golden hamsters fed on high-fat diet (HFD). After being fed HFD for 2 weeks, hamsters were dosed orally with zerumbone (75, 150, and 300 mg kg(-1)) once daily for 8 weeks. After treatment with zerumbone, the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs) and the contents of TC and TG in hepatic tissue as well as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were lowered, especially in the zerumbone-treated group (300 mg kg(-1)). Moreover, the histological evaluation of liver specimens demonstrated that the steatosis and inflammation in liver of zerumbone-treated groups were improved. Zerumbone exhibited the ability to decrease hepatic mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and its lipogenic target genes, such as fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. The hepatic mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α , together with its target genes including carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, acyl-CoA oxidase, and acyl-CoA oxidase 1, was also upregulated by zerumbone. In conclusion, zerumbone improves insulin sensitivity, decreases lipogenesis, and increases lipid oxidation in the liver of HFD-fed hamsters, implying a potential application in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Bhathena J, Martoni C, Kulamarva A, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Malhotra M, Paul A, Urbanska AM, Prakash S. Oral probiotic microcapsule formulation ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamsters. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58394. [PMID: 23554890 PMCID: PMC3595252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of a microencapsulated feruloyl esterase producing Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 11976 formulation for use in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated. For which Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a methionine deficient/choline devoid diet to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results, for the first time, show significant clinical benefits in experimental animals. Examination of lipids show that concentrations of hepatic free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly lowered in treated animals. In addition, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and insulin resistance were found to decrease in treated animals. Liver histology evaluations showed reduced fat deposits. Western blot analysis shows significant differences in expression levels of key liver enzymes in treated animals. In conclusion, these findings suggest the excellent potential of using an oral probiotic formulation to ameliorate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Bhathena
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher Martoni
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arun Kulamarva
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arghya Paul
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Malgorzata Urbanska
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Côté I, Ngo Sock ET, Lévy É, Lavoie JM. An atherogenic diet decreases liver FXR gene expression and causes severe hepatic steatosis and hepatic cholesterol accumulation: effect of endurance training. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1523-32. [PMID: 23117815 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an atherogenic diet (AD; 40 % lipid, 1.25 % cholesterol, kcal) on triglyceride (TAG) and cholesterol accumulation in liver and on gene expression of liver X receptor (LXR) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and their target genes and to observe if these responses are affected by endurance training. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32) were divided into two groups and randomly assigned to an AD or a standard diet (SD) for 7 weeks. Half of the rats in each group were assigned to an exercise training program for 5 days/week. RESULTS The AD resulted in a large (P < 0.01) accumulation in liver TAG (4×) along with elevated liver and plasma cholesterol without any gain in peripheral fat mass. The liver TAG and cholesterol accumulations were associated with an important reduction (P < 0.01; 60 %) in FXR, but no change in LXR transcripts. Accompanying the reduction in FXR gene expression, we found an increase (P < 0.001) in SREBP-1c and a decrease (P < 0.01) in MTP mRNAs suggesting an increased lipogenesis and a reduced VLDL production, respectively. The AD was also associated with lower HMG-CoA-r, squalene synthase, and ABCG8 transcripts (P < 0.001). In the intestine, exercise training resulted in higher NPC1L1, ABCG5, and ABCG8 in SD-fed animals, while all these increases were suppressed under the AD feeding. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that dietary cholesterol favors liver TAG and cholesterol accumulations associated with an important reduction in FXR transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Côté
- Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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