Long Non‑Coding RNAs Regulate Inflammation in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Acting as ceRNAs Targeting miR-146a-5p

Vincamine as an agonist of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 effectively ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, which has yet no curable medication. Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are tightly linked to DPN pathology. G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is predominantly expressed in pancreatic β-cells, but also in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, regulating neuropathic pain. We previously have reported that vincamine (Vin), a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from Madagascar periwinkle, is a GPR40 agonist. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Vin in ameliorating the DPN-like pathology in diabetic mice. Both STZ-induced type 1 (T1DM) and db/db type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice were used to establish late-stage DPN model (DPN mice), which were administered Vin (30 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) for 4 weeks. We showed that Vin administration did not lower blood glucose levels, but significantly ameliorated neurological dysfunctions in DPN mice. Vin administration improved the blood flow velocities and blood perfusion areas of foot pads and sciatic nerve tissues in DPN mice. We demonstrated that Vin administration protected against sciatic nerve myelin sheath injury and ameliorated foot skin intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density impairment in DPN mice. Moreover, Vin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation through either β-Arrestin2 or β-Arrestin2/IκBα/NF-κB signaling, improved mitochondrial dysfunction through CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling and alleviated oxidative stress through Nrf2 signaling in the sciatic nerve tissues of DPN mice and LPS/ATP-treated RSC96 cells. All the above-mentioned beneficial effects of Vin were abolished by GPR40-specific knockdown in dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve tissues. Together, these results support that pharmacological activation of GPR40 as a promising therapeutic strategy for DPN and highlight the potential of Vin in the treatment of this disease.

LncRNA H19: a novel player in the regulation of diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), has received considerable attention owing to its increasing prevalence and contribution to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). However, the use of drugs targeting DKD remains limited. Recent data suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in the development of DKD. The lncRNA H19 is the first imprinted gene, which is expressed in the embryo and down-regulated at birth, and its role in tumors has long been a subject of controversy, however, in recent years, it has received increasing attention in kidney disease. The LncRNA H19 is engaged in the pathological progression of DKD, including glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis via the induction of inflammatory responses, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and oxidative damage. In this review, we highlight the most recent research on the molecular mechanism and regulatory forms of lncRNA H19 in DKD, including epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation, providing a new predictive marker and therapeutic target for the management of DKD.

Sigma-1 receptor expression in a subpopulation of lumbar spinal cord microglia in response to peripheral nerve injury

Sigma-1 Receptor has been shown to localize to sites of peripheral nerve injury and back pain. Radioligand probes have been developed to localize Sigma-1 Receptor and thus image pain source. However, in non-pain conditions, Sigma-1 Receptor expression has also been demonstrated in the central nervous system and dorsal root ganglion. This work aimed to study Sigma-1 Receptor expression in a microglial cell population in the lumbar spine following peripheral nerve injury. A publicly available transcriptomic dataset of 102,691 L4/5 mouse microglial cells from a sciatic-sural nerve spared nerve injury model and 93,027 age and sex matched cells from a sham model was used. At each of three time points-postoperative day 3, postoperative day 14, and postoperative month 5-gene expression data was recorded for both spared nerve injury and Sham cell groups. For all cells, 27,998 genes were sequenced. All cells were clustered into 12 distinct subclusters and gene set enrichment pathway analysis was performed. For both the spared nerve injury and Sham groups, Sigma-1 Receptor expression significantly decreased at each time point following surgery. At the 5-month postoperative time point, only one of twelve subclusters showed significantly increased Sigma-1 Receptor expression in spared nerve injury cells as compared to Sham cells (p = 0.0064). Pathway analysis of this cluster showed a significantly increased expression of the inflammatory response pathway in the spared nerve injury cells relative to Sham cells at the 5-month time point (p = 6.74e-05). A distinct subcluster of L4/5 microglia was identified which overexpress Sigma-1 Receptor following peripheral nerve injury consistent with neuropathic pain inflammatory response functioning. This indicates that upregulated Sigma-1 Receptor in the central nervous system characterizes post-acute peripheral nerve injury and may be further developed for clinical use in the differentiation between low back pain secondary to peripheral nerve injury and low back pain not associated with peripheral nerve injury in cases where the pain cannot be localized.

Association of MicroRNA-146a with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes and their Related Complications

Most medical investigations have found a reduced blood level of miR-146a in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, suggesting an important role for miR-146a (microRNA-146a) in the etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its consequences. Furthermore, injection of miR-146a mimic has been confirmed to alleviate diabetes mellitus in diabetic animal models. In this line, deregulation of miR-146a expression has been linked to the progression of nephropathy, neuropathy, wound healing, olfactory dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, and retinopathy in diabetic patients. In this review, besides a comprehensive review of the function of miR-146a in DM, we discussed new findings on type 1 (T1MD) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus, highlighting the discrepancies between clinical and preclinical investigations and elucidating the biological pathways regulated through miR-146a in DM-affected tissues.

Relationship of serum lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p levels with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship between serum long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X inactive specific transcript (XIST) and microRNA-30d-5p (miR-30d-5p) expression levels in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

METHODS

Clinical data of patients with only type 2 diabetes mellitus (pure T2DM group), DPN patients (DPN group) and healthy patients (control group) admitted to Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital from August 2019 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, with 76 cases in each group. The serum lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p expression levels of each group were compared. The correlation between serum lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p in DPN patients was analyzed. The influencing factors of DPN occurrence were analyzed. Also, the diagnostic value of serum lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p for DPN was analyzed.

RESULTS

There were significant differences in the lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p expression levels among the pure T2DM group, DPN group, and control group. LncRNA XIST expression level was negatively correlated with miR-30d-5p in DPN patients (P<0.05). Triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, miR-30d-5p were risk factors for the occurrence of DPN, and lncRNA XIST was a protective factor (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUC) of serum lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p for the diagnosis of DPN were 0.851 and 0.845, respectively, and the AUC of lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p combined was 0.932, with a sensitivity of 92.1%, and a specificity of 85.5%.

CONCLUSION

Both lncRNA XIST and miR-30d-5p may be involved in the development of type 2 DPN. Therefore, detecting serum levels of both may be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment of type 2 DPN.

Roles of long noncoding RNAs and small extracellular vesicle-long noncoding RNAs in type 2 diabetes

The prevalence of a high-energy diet and a sedentary lifestyle has increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The pathological mechanism of this disease is not fully clear. Accumulated evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs have an essential regulatory role in the progression of diabetes and its complications. The roles of small noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, in T2D, have been extensively investigated, while the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T2D has been unstudied. It has been reported that lncRNAs in T2D play roles in the regulation of pancreatic function, peripheral glucose homeostasis and vascular inflammation. In addition, lncRNAs carried by small extracellular vesicles (sEV) were shown to mediate communication between organs and participate in diabetes progression. Some sEV lncRNAs derived from stem cells are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for diabetic complications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relating to lncRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms of lncRNA sorting into sEV and the regulatory roles of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes. Knowledge of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes will aid in the development of new therapeutic drugs for T2D in the future.

LncRNA RP11‑805J14.5 functions as a ceRNA to regulate CCND2 by sponging miR‑34b‑3p and miR‑139‑5p in lung adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common lung cancer with high incidence. The prognosis of LUAD is poor due to its aggressive behavior. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as a key modulator on LUAD progression. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in LUAD development. The expression of lncRNA RP11‑805J14.5 (RP11‑805J14.5) in LUAD tissues and cells was quantified based on the data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8 method. Apoptotic cells were sorted and determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by the Transwell assay. Luciferase reporter experiment and RNA pull‑down assay were utilized to determine the interactions between RP11‑805J14.5, microRNA (miR)‑34b‑3p, miR‑139‑5p, and cyclin D2 (CCND2). A xenograft tumor was established to determine tumor growth in vivo. RP11‑805J14.5 was highly expressed in LUAD and associated with poor survival of LUAD patients. Knockdown of RP11‑805J14.5 suppressed LUAD cell growth, invasion, migration and tumor growth, indicating that RP11‑805J14.5 is an important regulator of LUAD. Our study demonstrated that the regulation of RP11‑805J14.5 on LUAD was mediated by CCND2 whose expression was regulated by sponging miR‑34b‑3p and miR‑139‑5p. The expression of RP11‑805J14.5 was increased in LUAD, and the knockdown of RP11‑805J14.5 expression suppressed LUAD cell growth, invasion and migration by downregulating CCND2 by sponging miR‑34b‑3p and miR‑139‑5p, indicating that RP11‑805J14.5 could be a prospective target for LUAD therapy.

Potential of ATP5MG to Treat Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome-associated cardiovascular disease (MetS-CVD) is a cluster of metabolism-immunity highly integrated diseases. Emerging evidence hints that mitochondrial energy metabolism may be involved in MetS-CVD development. The physiopathological role of ATP5MG, a subunit of the F0 ATPase complex, has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

In this study, we selected ATP5MG to identify the immunity-mediated pathway and mine drugs targeting this pathway for treating MetS-CVD. Using big data from public databases, we dissected co-expressed RNA (coRNA), competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and interacting RNA (interRNA) genes for ATP5MG.

Results

It was identified that ATP5MG may form ceRNA with COX5A through hsa-miR-142-5p and interplay with NDUFB8, SOD1, and MDH2 through RNA–RNA interaction under the immune pathway. We dug out 251 chemicals that may target this network and identified some of them as clinical drugs. We proposed five medicines for treating MetS-CVD. Interestingly, six drugs are being tested to treat COVID-19, which unexpectedly offers a new potential host-targeting antiviral strategy.

Conclusion

Collectively, we revealed the potential significance of the ATP5MG-centered network for developing drugs to treat MetS-CVD, which offers insights into the epigenetic regulation for metabolism-immunity highly integrated diseases.

Peripheral Neuropathy Phenotyping in Rat Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluating Uptake of the Neurodiab Guidelines and Identifying Future Directions

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over half of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapies. While many rat and mouse models of T2DM exist, the phenotyping of DPN has been challenging with inconsistencies across laboratories. To better characterize DPN in rodents, a consensus guideline was published in 2014 to accelerate the translation of preclinical findings. Here we review DPN phenotyping in rat models of T2DM against the 'Neurodiab' criteria to identify uptake of the guidelines and discuss how DPN phenotypes differ between models and according to diabetes duration and sex. A search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 125 studies, categorised as either diet and/or chemically induced models or transgenic/spontaneous models of T2DM. The use of diet and chemically induced T2DM models has exceeded that of transgenic models in recent years, and the introduction of the Neurodiab guidelines has not appreciably increased the number of studies assessing all key DPN endpoints. Combined high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin rat models are the most frequently used and well characterised. Overall, we recommend adherence to Neurodiab guidelines for creating better animal models of DPN to accelerate translation and drug development.

Emerging Role of LncRNA Regulation for NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetes Complications

Diabetes is a widespread metabolic disease with various complications, including diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. As the prevalence of diabetes increases in all age groups worldwide, diabetes and its complications cause an emerging public health burden. NLRP3 inflammasome is a complex of several proteins that play a critical role in inflammatory response and various diseases, including diabetes and its complications. Accumulating evidences indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications and that NLRP3 inflammation inactivation is beneficial in treating these illnesses. Emerging evidences suggest the critical role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity in various diseases. LncRNAs are non-coding RNAs exceeding 200 nucleotides in length. Its dysregulation has been linked to the development of diseases, including diabetes. Recently, growing evidences hint that regulating lncRNAs on NLRP3 inflammasome is critical in developing and progressing diabetes and diabetic complications. Here, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome as well as its participation in diabetes and diabetic complications, providing novel insights into developing future therapeutic approaches for diabetes.

Genetic associated complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a review

According to the International Diabetes Federation, the number of adults (age of 20-79) being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) have increased from 285 million in year 2009 to 463 million in year 2019 which comprises of 95% Type 2 DM patient (T2DM). Research have claimed that genetic predisposition could be one of the factors causing T2DM complications. In addition, T2DMcomplications cause an incremental risk to mortality. Therefore, this article aims to discuss some complications of T2DM in and their genetic association. The complications that are discussed in this article are diabetic nephropathy, diabetes induced cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) and Alzheimer's disease. According to the information obtained, genes associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) are gene GABRR1 and ELMO1 that cause injury to glomerular. Replication of genes FRMD3, CARS and MYO16/IRS2 shown to have link with DN. The increase of gene THBS2, NGAL, PIP, TRAF6 polymorphism, ICAM-1 encoded for rs5498 polymorphism and C667T increase susceptibility towards DN in T2DM patient. Genes associated with cardiovascular diseases are Adiponectin gene (ACRP30) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism gene with ξ2 allele. Haptoglobin (Hp) 1-1 genotype and Mitochondria Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) plays a role in cardiovascular events. As for genes related to diabetic neuropathy, Janus Kinase (JAK), mutation of SCN9A and TRPA1 gene and destruction of miRNA contribute to pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy among T2DM patients. Expression of cytokine IL-6, IL-10, miR-146a are found to cause diabetic neuropathy. Besides, A1a16Va1 gene polymorphism, an oxidative stress influence was found as one of the gene factors. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is believed to have association with Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1). Over-expression of gene ENPP1, IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine, ARHGAP22's protein rs3844492 polymorphism and TLR4 heterozygous genotype are contributing to significant pathophysiological process causing DR, while research found increases level of UCP1 gene protects retina cells from oxidative stress. Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is manifested by slowing in reepithelialisation of keratinocyte, persistence wound inflammation and healing impairment. Reepithelialisation disturbance was caused by E2F3 gene, reduction of Tacl gene encoded substance P causing persistence inflammation while expression of MMp-9 polymorphism contributes to healing impairment. A decrease in HIF-1a gene expression leads to increased risk of pathogenesis, while downregulation of TLR2 increases severity of wound in DFU patients. SNPs alleles has been shown to have significant association between the genetic dispositions of T2DM and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The progression of AD can be due to the change in DNA methylation of CLOCK gene, followed with worsening of AD by APOE4 gene due to dyslipidaemia condition in T2DM patients. Insulin resistance is also a factor that contributes to pathogenesis of AD.

Long non-coding RNAs in diabetic wound healing: Current research and clinical relevance

Diabetic wounds are a protracted complication of diabetes mainly characterised by chronic inflammation, obstruction of epithelialization, damaged blood vessels and collagen production (maturation), as well as neuropathy. As a non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) that lack coding potential, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been reported to play a salient role in diabetic wound healing. Here, this review summarises the roles of lncRNAs in the pathology and treatments of diabetic wounds, providing references for its potential clinical diagnostic criteria or therapeutic targets in the future.

LINC00473 downregulation facilitates trophoblast cell migration and invasion via the miR-15a-5p/LITAF axis in pre-eclampsia

More and more evidence has identified that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological process of numerous diseases. It has been reported that long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 473 (LINC00473) was associated with pre-eclampsia (PE) development. However, role and molecular mechanism of LINC00473 in PE remains elusive. Therefore, we designed this research to figure out the specific biological function of LINC00473 in trophoblasts. Firstly, we testified expressions of LINC00473 in trophoblasts of PE with RT-qPCR analysis. Then, to probe biological function of LINC00473 in trophoblasts of PE, CCK-8 assay, trans-well assays and western blot analysis were conducted in Wish and JAR cells. As for verifying interaction of microRNA-15a-5p (miR-15a-5p) and LINC00473 or lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor (LITAF), RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assays were carried out. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted to probe regulatory pattern of the LINC00473/miR-15a-5p/LITAF axis in trophoblasts of PE. As a result, LINC00473 presented a significant upregulation in trophoblasts of PE. Moreover, LINC00473 knockdown induced trophoblast viability, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in trophoblasts. Additionally, miR-15a-5p interacted with LINC00473 and miR-15a-5p was negatively regulated by LINC00473 in trophoblasts. Simultaneously, miR-15a-5p negatively modulated LITAF in trophoblasts. Moreover, LITAF overexpression or miR-15a-5p downregulation reversed the promotive impact of silenced LINC00473 on trophoblast viability, migration, invasion and EMT. In conclusion, LINC00473 regulated migration and invasion in trophoblasts via the miR-15a-5p/LITAF axis. Our study may provide a novel insight for clinical treatment of PE.

Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells expressing microribonucleic acid-125b inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy via the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6/Akt axis

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) seriously threatens the health of patients with diabetes. Moreover, it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomal miRNAs can modulate the progression of multiple diseases, including DN. It has been suggested that miR-125b is involved in DN. However, the biological functions of exosomal miRNAs, especially miR-125b, in DN are still unclear. To establish a DN model in vitro, we used a model of human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HKCs) injury induced by high glucose (HG). Then, miR-125b was delivered to the model cells in vitro via MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), and the effect of exosomal miR-125b on HKCs apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR or western blotting was performed to measure miR-125b or tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression in HKC. The effect of MSC-Exos on HKCs apoptosis after miR-125b knockdown was determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the targeting relationship between miR-125b and TRAF6 in HKCs. Our data revealed that MSC-Exos increased HG-induced autophagy in HKCs and reversed HKCs apoptosis. Moreover, our study found that miR-125b was enriched in MSC-Exos and directly targeted TRAF6 in HKCs. In addition, exosomally transferred miR-125b inhibited the apoptosis of HG-treated HKCs by mediating Akt signalling. In summary, MSC-derived exosomal miR-125b induced autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in HG-treated HKCs via the downregulation of TRAF6. Therefore, our study provided a new idea for DN treatment.

Construction of lncRNA-related ceRNA regulatory network in diabetic subdermal endothelial cells

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were considered to be involved in vascular complications in diabetes mellitus, but still only limited knowledge in this regard has been obtained. Herein, we further explored the roles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in diabetic vasculopathy (DV) through conducting bioinformatics analysis using data set downloaded from GEO database. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified by edge package. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed based on clusterprofiler package. The relationship between lncRNA and miRNA was predicted using starBase database, and the potential mRNAs targeted by miRNAs were predicted by TargetScan, miRTarbase and miRDB database. The string database was used to analyze the protein-protein interaction (PPI). As a result, a total of 12 lncRNAs and 711 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the diabetic subdermal endothelial cells compared with normal controls. A ceRNA network was established, which was composed of seven lncRNA nodes, 49 miRNA nodes, 58 mRNA nodes and 183 edges, and MSC-AS1 and LINC01550 may serve as key nodes. GO function enrichment analysis showed enrichments of epithelial cell proliferation, intercellular junction, and cell adhesion molecule binding. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 33 enriched pathways. PPI protein interaction analysis identified 57 potential ceRNA-related proteins. Overall, this study suggests that multiple lncRNAs, specifically MSC-AS1 and LINC01550, may play an important role in DV development and they are like to be developed as the therapeutic targets for DV. However, further experiments in vitro and in vivo should be conducted to validate our results.

Regulatory MicroRNAs in T2DM and Breast Cancer

MicroRNAs orchestrate the tight regulation of numerous cellular processes and the deregulation in their activities has been implicated in many diseases, including diabetes and cancer. There is an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence associating diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, to an elevated risk of various cancer types, including breast cancer. However, little is yet known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and even less about the role miRNAs play in driving the tumorigenic potential of the cell signaling underlying diabetes pathogenesis. This article reviews the role of miRNA in bridging the diabetes–breast cancer association by discussing specific miRNAs that are implicated in diabetes and breast cancer and highlighting the overlap between the disease-specific regulatory miRNA networks to identify a 20-miRNA signature that is common to both diseases. Potential therapeutic targeting of these molecular players may help to alleviate the socioeconomic burden on public health that is imposed by the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)–breast cancer association.

Long Non-coding RNA XIST Attenuates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Inducing Autophagy Through MicroRNA-30d-5p/sirtuin1 Axis

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent diabetes mellitus (Feldman et al., 2017) complication and the primary reason for amputation. Meanwhile, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that broadly participate in DPN development. However, the correlation of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) with DPN remains unclear. In this study, we were interested in the role of XIST in the modulation of DPN progression. Significantly, our data showed that the expression of XIST and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) was inhibited, and the expression of microRNA-30d-5p (miR-30d-5p) was enhanced in the trigeminal sensory neurons of the diabetic mice compared with the normal mice. The levels of LC3II and Beclin-1 were inhibited in the diabetic mice. The treatment of high glucose (HG) reduced the XIST expression in Schwann cells. The apoptosis of Schwann cells was enhanced in the HG-treated cells, but the overexpression of XIST could block the effect in the cells. Moreover, the levels of LC3II and Beclin-1 were reduced in the HG-treated Schwann cells, while the overexpression of XIST was able to reverse this effect. The HG treatment promoted the production of oxidative stress, while the XIST overexpression could attenuate this result in the Schwann cells. Mechanically, XIST was able to sponge miR-30d-5p and miR-30d-5p-targeted SIRT1 in the Schwann cells. MiR-30d-5p inhibited autophagy and promoted oxidative stress in the HG-treated Schwann cells, and SIRT1 presented a reversed effect. MiR-30d-5p mimic or SIRT1 depletion could reverse XIST overexpression-mediated apoptosis and autophagy of the Schwann cells. Thus, we concluded that XIST attenuated DPN by inducing autophagy through miR-30d-5p/SIRT1 axis. XIST and miR-30d-5p may be applied as the potential targets for DPN therapy.