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Elbassuoni EA, Abdel Hafez SM. Impact of chronic exercise on counteracting chronic stress-induced functional and morphological pancreatic changes in male albino rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:567-580. [PMID: 30903523 PMCID: PMC6527668 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has been linked to many diseases resulted from dysfunction of both the nervous system and peripheral organ systems. Yet, the effects of chronic stress on the pancreas have received relatively little attention. This work aims to investigate the influence of chronic stress exposure on both the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function and morphology and its possible mechanism of action, and also to evaluate the impact of chronic exercise with moderate intensity on ameliorating the stress-induced pancreatic changes. Forty adult male albino rats were used and divided into four groups: control group, exercised group (3 weeks of swimming exercise), stressed group (3 weeks of immobilization stress), and stressed group practicing exercise (3 weeks of exercise, concomitant with 21 daily sessions of stress). On the final day of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological studies were conducted. The results showed that chronic immobilization stress produced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) with increasing exocrine pancreatic injury markers by increasing oxidative and inflammatory status of the pancreatic tissue. Histological study showed the injurious effect of stress on the morphology of pancreatic tissue. Physical exercise protected the pancreas from the negative effects of stress through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, evidenced by increasing pancreatic interleukin 10 and total antioxidant capacity and decreasing pancreatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde with ameliorating most of the histological changes induced by stress exposure. Physical exercise effectively counteracts chronic stress-induced pancreatic changes through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
| | - Sara M. Abdel Hafez
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
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Moreira VM, da Silva Franco CC, Prates KV, Gomes RM, de Moraes AMP, Ribeiro TA, Martins IP, Previate C, Pavanello A, Matiusso CCI, Almeida DL, Francisco FA, Malta A, Tófolo LP, da Silva Silveira S, Saavedra LPJ, Machado K, da Silva PHO, Fabrício GS, Palma-Rigo K, de Souza HM, de Fátima Silva F, Biazi GR, Pereira TS, Vieira E, Miranda RA, de Oliveira JC, da Costa Lima LD, Rinaldi W, Ravanelli MI, de Freitas Mathias PC. Aerobic Exercise Training Attenuates Tumor Growth and Reduces Insulin Secretion in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:465. [PMID: 29867528 PMCID: PMC5953341 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training can improve insulin sensitivity in many tissues; however, the relationship among exercise, insulin, and cancer cell growth is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training begun during adolescence can attenuate Walker 256 tumor growth in adult rats and alter insulin secretion. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats engaged in treadmill running for 8 weeks, 3 days/week, 44 min/day, at 55-65% VO2max until they were 90 days old (TC, Trained Control). An equivalently aged group was kept inactive during the same period (SC, Sedentary Control). Then, half the animals of the SC and TC groups were reserved as the control condition and the other half were inoculated with Walker 256 cancer cells, yielding two additional groups (Sedentary Walker and Trained Walker). Zero mortalities were observed in tumor-bearing rats. Body weight (BW), food intake, plasma glucose, insulin levels, and peripheral insulin sensitivity were analyzed before and after tumor cell inoculation. We also evaluated tumor growth, metastasis and cachexia. Isolated pancreatic islets secretory activity was analyzed. In addition, we evaluated mechanic sensibility. Our results showed improved physical performance according to the final workload and VO2max and reduced BW in trained rats at the end of the running protocol. Chronic adaptation to the aerobic exercise training decreased tumor weight, cachexia and metastasis and were associated with low glucose and insulin levels and high insulin sensitivity before and after tumor cell inoculation. Aerobic exercise started at young age also reduced pancreatic islet insulin content and insulin secretion in response to a glucose stimulus, without impairing islet morphology in trained rats. Walker 256 tumor-bearing sedentary rats also presented reduced pancreatic islet insulin content, without changing insulin secretion through isolated pancreatic islets. The mechanical sensitivity test indicated that aerobic exercise training did not cause injury or trigger inflammatory processes prior to tumor cell inoculation. Taken together, the current study suggests that aerobic exercise training applied during adolescence may mitigate tumor growth and related disorders in Walker 256 tumor-bearing adult rats. Improved insulin sensibility, lower glucose and insulin levels and/or reduced insulin secretion stimulated by glucose may be implicated in this tumor attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Ingá University Center, UNINGÁ, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Cacoal, Cacoal, Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Katia Machado
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Olivieri da Silva
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S. Fabrício
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Taís Susane Pereira
- Laboratory of Microorganisms Genetics and Mutagenesis, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Post-Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Delmar da Costa Lima
- Superior School of Physical Education and Physical Therapy of Goiás State, State University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wilson Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Bernardes N, Ayyappan P, De Angelis K, Bagchi A, Akolkar G, da Silva Dias D, Belló-Klein A, Singal PK. Excessive consumption of fructose causes cardiometabolic dysfunctions through oxidative stress and inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1078-1090. [PMID: 28187269 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid rise in obesity, as well as physical inactivity, in industrialized countries is associated with fructose-consumption-mediated metabolic syndrome having a strong association with cardiovascular disease. Although insulin resistance is thought to be at the core, visceral obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia are also considered important components of this metabolic disorder. In addition, various other abnormalities such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of uric acid are also part of this syndrome. Lifestyle changes through improved physical activity, as well as nutrition, are important approaches to minimize metabolic syndrome and its deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Bernardes
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prathapan Ayyappan
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katia De Angelis
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ashim Bagchi
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gauri Akolkar
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- c Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pawan K Singal
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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7
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Paes LS, Borges JP, Cunha FA, Souza MGC, Cyrino FZGA, Bottino DA, Bouskela E, Farinatti P. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, or total distance: a comparison of methods to equalize exercise volume in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:S0100-879X2016000800607. [PMID: 27487418 PMCID: PMC4974018 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compared strategies to equalize the volume of aerobic exercise performed
with different intensities by Wistar rats, based on the distance covered during
exercise bouts and energy expenditure (EE, isocaloric sessions) obtained from oxygen
uptake (V̇O2) or respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Thirty-three male rats
(270.5±12.8 g) underwent maximal exercise tests to determine V̇O2 reserve
(V̇O2R), being randomly assigned to three groups: moderate-intensity
continuous exercise at speed corresponding to 50% V̇O2R (MIC; n=11);
high-intensity continuous exercise at 80% V̇O2R (HIC; n=11); and
high-intensity intermittent exercise (HII; n=11) at 60% V̇O2R (3 min) and
80% V̇O2R (4 min). Exercise duration was calculated individually to elicit
EE of 5 kcal in each session. No difference between groups was found for total
running distance (MIC: 801±46, HIC: 734±42, HII: 885±64 m; P=0.13). Total EE measured
by RER was systematically underestimated compared to values obtained from
V̇O2 (HII: 4.5% and MIC: 6.2%, P<0.05). Total EE (calculated from
V̇O2), and duration of HIC bouts (2.8 kcal and 30.8±2.2 min) were lower
(P<0.0001) than in MIC (4.9 kcal and 64.7±1.8 min) and HII (4.7 kcal and 46.9±2.2
min). Predicted and actual values of total V̇O2, total EE, and duration of
isocaloric sessions were similar in MIC and HII (P>0.05), which were both higher
than in HIC (P<0.0001). In conclusion, the time to achieve a given EE in exercise
bouts with different intensities did not correspond to the total distance. Therefore,
the volume of aerobic exercise in protocols involving Wistar rats should be equalized
using EE rather than total covered distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Paes
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J P Borges
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F A Cunha
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M G C Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F Z G A Cyrino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - D A Bottino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - P Farinatti
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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