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Polse RF, Khalid HM, Mero WMS. Distribution of bla OXA-10, bla PER-1, and bla SHV genes in ESBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18402. [PMID: 37884651 PMCID: PMC10603109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to a wide range of extended spectrum-lactamases (ESBLs) antibiotics because it produces several kinds of ESBLs. The goal of the current investigation was to identify the bacteria that produce extended spectrum -lactamases and the genes that encode three different ESBLs, such as blaOXA-10, blaPER-1 and blaSHV genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. In this investigation, 71 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were isolated from burn wounds in Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital, Duhok City between July 2021 to June 2022. For the purpose of finding the blaOXA-10, blaPER-1, and blaSHV ESBL expressing genes, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used. Among 71 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 26.36% (29/71) were isolated from males and 38.18% (42/71) from females, and 76.06% (54/71) of the isolates were multidrug resistant. They exhibited higher resistance against Piperacillin with resistance rates of 98.59%. Among the ESBL-producing isolates tested, blaOXA-10 was found in 59.26% (32), blaPER-1 was found in 44.44% (24), and blaSHV was found in 11.11% (6). All isolates must undergo antimicrobial susceptibility testing because only a few numbers of the available antibiotics are effective for the treatment of this bacterium. This will prevent the development of resistance in burn units and aids in the management of the treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem F Polse
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Zakho, 42002, Iraq.
| | - Haval M Khalid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Zakho, 42002, Iraq
| | - Wijdan M S Mero
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Zakho, 42002, Iraq
- College of Science, Nawroz University, Kurdistan Region, Duhok, 42001, Iraq
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2
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Moogahi S, Beni FT, Hashemzadeh M, Dezfuli AAZ. Molecular identification and biofilm formation of aerobic and anaerobic coinfection bacterial isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in southwest Iran from 2014 to 2022. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8225-8235. [PMID: 37566205 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coinfections and resistant bacterial infections are more likely to occur in cystic fibrosis patients because their immune systems are weak. The purpose of this study was to identify by molecular means as well as the formation of biofilm of aerobic and anaerobic coinfection bacteria isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in southwest Iran from 2014 to 2022. METHODS In this investigation, 130 clinical specimens were collected from 130 CF patients by universal primer. Biofilm formation was investigated using the microtiter plate method. Antibiotic resistance was measured using Vitec 2 device. In addition, identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using genes mecA was performed. MAIN FINDINGS In aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in (32%) of samples. In anaerobic bacteria (16%) Prevotella spp. was the most frequently isolated anaerobe bacteria found in of the CF patients. In this study, 75% of the bacteria could form biofilms, while 23% were unable to biofilm formation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, P. aeruginosa was found to be the most frequently isolated bacterium from patients with CF, and many of these bacteria could form biofilms. Additionally, the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance indicates the urgent need for increased attention to antibiotic preparation and patient screening concerning bacterial coinfections and the virulence and adhesion factors of these bacteria. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that the coinfection of bacteria with high antibiotic resistance and a high capacity for biofilm formation can pose a life-threatening risk to CF patients, mainly due to their weakened immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Moogahi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fateme Tadi Beni
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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3
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Hashemzadeh M, Heydari R, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, Saki M, Meghdadi H, Bakhtiyariniya P. Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in burn infections from southwest of Iran. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:423-431. [PMID: 34236077 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn infection continues to be a major issue of concern globally and causes more harm to developing countries. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn infections in three hospitals in Abadan, southwest Iran. METHODS The cultures of various clinical samples obtained from 325 burn patients were investigated from January to December 2019. All bacterial isolates were identified based on the standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the CLSI. RESULTS A total of 287 bacterial species were isolated burn patients.P. aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial isolate in Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated in Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum resistance was found to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, while in Gram-negative bacteria, the maximum resistance was found to imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and amikacin. The occurrence of multidrug resistance phenotype was as follows: P. aeruginosa (30.3 %), Enterobacter spp (11.1 %), Escherichia coli (10.5 %), Citrobacter spp (2.1 %), S. epidermidis (2.8 %), S. aureus, and S. saprophyticus (0.7 %). CONCLUSION Owing to the diverse range of bacteria that because burn wound infection, regular investigation, and diagnosis of common bacteria and their resistance patterns is recommended to determine the proper antibiotic regimen for appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Meghdadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pejman Bakhtiyariniya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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4
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Najafi M, Nakhaei Moghaddam M, Yousefi E. The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Pyocyanin Production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Clinical Specimens. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:98-103. [PMID: 34012526 PMCID: PMC8112143 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i2.5529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen causing a wide range of human infections. The organism is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AgNPs on pyocyanin pigment production of P. aeruginosa bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. METHODS In this study, 15 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different specimens of hospitalized patients. P. aeruginosa was detected by biochemical and molecular (detection of pbo1 gene by colony PCR method) methods and the MIC and MBC of AgNPs were determined by agar dilution method. Inhibition of P. aeruginosa pyocyanin production at AgNPs concentrations of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/ml of was studied with OD of 520 nm. RESULTS The mean MIC and MBC of AgNPs were 1.229 and 1.687 mg/ml, respectively. Pyocyanin production was investigated for all isolates at different concentrations of nanoparticles, and their comparison showed that with increasing nanoparticle concentration, pyocyanin production significantly decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, AgNPs had an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa and its pigment production and with increasing nanoparticles concentration, pigment production decreased; therefore, it seems that the nanoparticles can be used to treat and prevent diseases caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Najafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Yousefi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Azab KSM, Abdel-Rahman MA, El-Sheikh HH, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Farag MMS. Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030247. [PMID: 33801418 PMCID: PMC7998439 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) among Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens collected from three different countries was investigated. Two hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates were collected from Egypt (n = 90), Saudi Arabia (n = 162), and Sudan (n = 40). Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity against 20 antimicrobial agents from 11 antibiotic classes, the most resistant strains were selected and identified using the Vitek2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 85.6% of the isolates were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotic classes. The ratios of the multidrug-resistant strains for Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan were 74.4%, 90.1%, and 97.5%, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed inconstant resistance levels to the different classes of antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest levels of resistance against macrolides followed by penicillins and cephalosporin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to penicillins followed by classes that varied among different countries. The isolates were positive for the presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M gene was the predominant gene in all isolates (100%), while blaTEM was detected in 66.7% of the selected isolates. This work highlights the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistant genes among different countries. We suggest that the medical authorities urgently implement antimicrobial surveillance plans and infection control policies for early detection and effective prevention of the rapid spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. M. Azab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
- Al-Azhar Center of Fermentation Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.-R.); or (M.M.S.F.)
| | - Hussien H. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.-R.); or (M.M.S.F.)
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Morteza M, Roya S, Hamed H, Amir Z, Abolfazl A. Synthesis and evaluation of polymeric micelle containing piperacillin/tazobactam for enhanced antibacterial activity. Drug Deliv 2020; 26:1292-1299. [PMID: 31797692 PMCID: PMC6896493 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1693708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa are important therapeutic complications. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is considered a safe antimicrobial agent. But we should not ignore the prevalence of resistant strains to this drug. In this work, a new polymeric micelle composed of Piperacillin/Tazobactam-loaded Poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG) was developed to improve the antimicrobial performance of P/T. The SEM and TEM studies of PLGA-PEG micelle showed, semi-spherical morphology with a mean diameter of below 30 nm. Zeta potential results indicated that the surface charge of PLGA-PEG micelle was −2.98 mV, while after encapsulation of P/T, the surface charge decreases to −4.13 mV. Clinical strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated and their resistance pattern against different antibiotics was evaluated. The MIC of free and P/T -Loaded PLGA-PEG micelles was determined. Also, the effect of free or P/T micelle against minimal biofilm eradication concentration and motility inhibition was evaluated. The bacterial isolates were resistant to most common antibiotics. The MIC of the free drug form and micelle form ranged from 4 to 512 µg/ml and 2 to 256 µg/ml, respectively. Generally, micelle showed more effective antibiofilm activities, inhibition of bacterial motility and reducing the MIC than that free drug form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milani Morteza
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salehi Roya
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamishehkar Hamed
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zarebkohan Amir
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbarzadeh Abolfazl
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Tian X, Zheng X, Sun Y, Fang R, Zhang S, Zhang X, Lin J, Cao J, Zhou T. Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chinese Patients During 2002-2017. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:501-512. [PMID: 32110061 PMCID: PMC7035005 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s232010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) pose a serious threat to human health worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying carbapenem resistance and their prevalence among E. coli in China. Methods A collection of 5796 E. coli clinical isolates were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from 2002 to 2017. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined using the agar dilution method. The detection of carbapenemases production and the prevalence of resistance-associated genes were investigated through modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), PCR and sequencing. The mutations in outer membrane porins genes (ompC and ompF) were also analyzed by PCR and sequencing assays. The effect of efflux pump mechanism on carbapenem resistance was also tested. E. coli were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results A total of 58 strains (1.0%) of carbapenem-resistant E. coli were identified. The strains carrying blaKPC-2 and blaNDM accounted for 22.4% (13/58) and 51.7% (30/58), respectively. Among blaNDM- positive strains, 27 blaNDM genes were assigned to blaNDM-5, while the remaining three strains were blaNDM-1, whereas blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, and blaSHV were not found. The CTX-M-type β-lactamase genes accounted for 96.6% (56/58). In addition, blaTEM-1 genes were identified in 58.6% of tested strains. In carbapenem-resistant isolates, mutations in OmpC (the majority of mutated sites were D192G and Q104_F141del, accounting for 54.5%) and OmpF (large deletions S75_V127del, W83_D135del and Q88_D135del) were detected. Of note, the antibiotic resistance was not associated with overexpression of efflux pump. Moreover, MLST categorized the 58 carbapenem-resistant isolates into 19 different sequence types. PFGE analysis revealed that homology among the carbapenem-resistant isolates was low and sporadic. Conclusion The blaNDM was the principal resistance mechanism of carbapenem-resistant E. coli in the hospital. blaNDM-5 is becoming a new threat to public health and the alteration of outer membrane porins might help further increase the MIC of carbapenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkuo Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchi Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiucai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Michalska M, Wąż P, Zorena K, Bartoszewicz M, Korzeniowska K, Krawczyk S, Beń-Skowronek I, Myśliwiec M. Potential effects of microbial air quality on the number of new cases of diabetes type 1 in children in two regions of Poland: a pilot study. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2323-2334. [PMID: 31534351 PMCID: PMC6681153 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s207138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and mold fungi in bioaerosols, and the number of new cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children. Methods: Air samples from the Lubelskie and Pomeranian voivodeships in Poland were collected from January 2015 to December 2016 in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Thirty-three samples were collected in the Pomeranian and 27 in the Lubelskie voivodeship. The air samples were collected on the first day of each month at 1:00 pm for 10 mins at a height of 1.5 m above the ground. The number of mesophilic bacteria was detected after 24-48 hrs incubation at 37°C on tryptone soya agar (TSA; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The number of psychrophilic bacteria was detected after 72 hrs incubation at 22°C on TSA. The number of fungi was detected by a 5-day long incubation at 28°C on chloramphenicol yeast glucose agar. Results: In the Lubelskie voivodeship, the mean concentration of psychrophilic bacteria was significantly higher than in the Pomeranian voivodeship (2739 vs 608 CFU/m3, respectively), the mean concentration of mesophilic bacteria was significantly higher (2493 vs 778/m3, respectively) and the concentration of fungi was significantly higher (3840 vs 688 CFU/m3, respectively). We also showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of children with recently diagnosed T1DM and the mean concentration of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in the Pomeranian and Lubelskie voivodeships (P<0.001). Moreover, we found a significant relationship between the number of new cases of T1DM in children and the mean concentration of fungi in bioaerosols in the Lubelskie voivodeship (P<0.001), but not in the Pomeranian voivodeship (P=NS). Conclusion: The results of our research showed that there is a higher concentration of microbial particles in the Lublin voivodeship. Therefore, we recommend changes in climate for children (trips to the sea, mountains, etc) as often as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Michalska
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Wąż
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Bartoszewicz
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Korzeniowska
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Krawczyk
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Beń-Skowronek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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