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Dlamini SB, Mlambo V, Mnisi CM, Ateba CN. Virulence, multiple drug resistance, and biofilm-formation in Salmonella species isolated from layer, broiler, and dual-purpose indigenous chickens. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310010. [PMID: 39466757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, the significant risk to food safety and public health posed by antimicrobial-resistant foodborne Salmonella pathogens is driven by the utilization of in-feed antibiotics, with variations in usage across poultry production systems. The current study investigated the occurrence of virulence, antimicrobial resistant profiles, and biofilm-forming potentials of Salmonella isolates sourced from different chicken types. A total of 75 cloacal faecal samples were collected using sterile swabs from layer, broiler, and indigenous chickens across 15 poultry farms (five farms per chicken type). The samples were analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp. using species-specific PCR analysis. Out of the 150 presumptive isolates, a large proportion (82; 55%) were confirmed as Salmonella species, comprising the serovars S. typhimurium (49%) and S. enteritidis (30%) while 21% were uncategorised. Based on phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility test, the Salmonella isolates were most often resistant to erythromycin (62%), tetracycline (59%), and trimethoprim (32%). The dominant multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes were SXT-W-TE (16%), E-W-TE (10%), AML-E-TE (10%), E-SXT-W-TE (13%), and AMP-AML-E-SXT-W-TE (10%). Genotypic assessment of antibiotic resistance genes revealed that isolates harboured the ant (52%), tet (A) (46%), sui1 (13%), sui2 (14%), and tet (B) (9%) determinants. Major virulence genes comprising the invasion gene spiC, the SPI-3 encoded protein (misL) that is associated with the establishment of chronic infections and host specificity as well as the SPI-4 encoded orfL that facilitates adhesion, autotransportation and colonisation were detected in 26%, 16%, and 14% of the isolates respectively. There was no significant difference on the proportion of Salmonella species and the occurrence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants among Salmonella isolates obtained from different chicken types. In addition, neither the chicken type nor incubation temperature influenced the potential of the Salmonella isolates to form biofilms, although a large proportion (62%) exhibited weak to strong biofilm-forming potentials. Moderate to high proportions of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic Salmonella serovars were detected in the study but these did not vary with poultry production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicelo B Dlamini
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Victor Mlambo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Caven Mguvane Mnisi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
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Ramatla T, Khasapane NG, Mlangeni LN, Mokgokong P, Ramaili T, Ndou R, Nkhebenyane JS, Lekota K, Thekisoe O. Detection of Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands and Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Isolated from Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38786186 PMCID: PMC11117945 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth in commercial poultry production is one of the major sources of Salmonella infections that leads to human salmonellosis. The two main Salmonella enterica serovars associated with human salmonellosis are enteritidis and typhimurium. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. enterica serovars Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium as well as their Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) and antibiotic resistance profiles in broiler chicken feces from slaughterhouses. A total of 480 fecal samples from broiler chickens that were grouped into 96 pooled samples were identified to have Salmonella spp. using the invA gene, whilst the Spy and sdfI genes were used to screen for the presence of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium serovars, respectively, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The isolates were also screened for the presence of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) using PCR. The disc diffusion assay was performed to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. A total of 36 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella spp. through amplification of the invA gene. Out of 36 confirmed Salmonella spp. a total of 22 isolates were classified as S. Enteritidis (n = 8) and were S. Typhimurium (n = 14) serovars. All (n = 22) S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates possessed the hilA (SPI-1), ssrB (SPI-2) and pagC (SPI-11) pathogenicity islands genes. Amongst these serovars, 50% of the isolates (n = 11/22) were resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Only 22% of the isolates, S. Typhimurium (13.6%) and S. Enteritidis (9.1%) demonstrated resistance against three or more antibiotic classes. The most detected antibiotic resistance genes were tet(K), mcr-1, sulI and strA with 13 (59.1%), 9 (40.9%), 9 (40.9%) and 7 (31.8%), respectively. The findings of this study revealed that S. Typhimurium is the most prevalent serotype detected in chicken feces. To reduce the risk to human health posed by salmonellosis, a stringent public health and food safety policy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (T.R.); (J.S.N.)
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (L.N.M.); (P.M.); (R.N.); (K.L.); (O.T.)
| | - Ntelekwane G. Khasapane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (T.R.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Lungile N. Mlangeni
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (L.N.M.); (P.M.); (R.N.); (K.L.); (O.T.)
| | - Prudent Mokgokong
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (L.N.M.); (P.M.); (R.N.); (K.L.); (O.T.)
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (L.N.M.); (P.M.); (R.N.); (K.L.); (O.T.)
| | - Jane S. Nkhebenyane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (T.R.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Kgaugelo Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (L.N.M.); (P.M.); (R.N.); (K.L.); (O.T.)
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (L.N.M.); (P.M.); (R.N.); (K.L.); (O.T.)
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3
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Elsayed MM, El-Basrey YFH, El-Baz AH, Dowidar HA, Shami A, Al-Saeed FA, Alsamghan A, Salem HM, Alhazmi WA, El-Tarabily KA, Khedr MHE. Ecological prevalence, genetic diversity, and multidrug resistance of Salmonella enteritidis recovered from broiler and layer chicken farms. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103320. [PMID: 38215504 PMCID: PMC10825688 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a significant foodborne pathogen that has a significant impact on public health, and different strains of multidrug resistance (MDR) have been identified in this genus. This study used a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches to identify distinct Salmonella species collected from poultry broiler and layer farms, and antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed on these species. A total of 56 Salmonella isolates were serotyped, and phenotypic antibiotic resistance was determined for each strain. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) method was also used to provide a genotypic description, from which a dendrogram was constructed and the most likely phylogenetic relationships were applied. Salmonella isolates were detected in 20 (17%) out of 117 samples collected from small-scale broiler flocks. Salmonella isolates were classified as MDR strains after showing tolerance to 4 antibiotics, but no resistance to cloxacillin, streptomycin, vancomycin, or netilmicin was observed. From a genotypic perspective, these strains lack dfrD, parC, and blasfo-1 resistant genes, while harboring blactx-M, blaDHA-L, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, gyrA, ermA, ermB, ermC, ermTR, mefA, msrA, tet A, tet B, tet L, tet M resistance genes. The genotyping results obtained with ERIC-PCR allowed isolates to be classified based on the source of recovery. It was determined that Salmonella strains displayed MDR, and many genes associated with them. Additionally, the ERIC-PCR procedure aided in the generation of clusters with biological significance. Extensive research on Salmonella serotypes is warranted, along with the implementation of long-term surveillance programs to monitor MDR Salmonella serotypes in avian-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yara F H El-Basrey
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Amira Hussein El-Baz
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba A Dowidar
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Higher Institute of Technology for Applied Health Science, Badr Institute for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alsamghan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ahmed Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mariam H E Khedr
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Mlangeni LN, Ramatla T, Lekota KE, Price C, Thekisoe O, Weldon C. Occurrence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Profiles of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Wild Reptiles in South Africa. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:5213895. [PMID: 38222969 PMCID: PMC10787053 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5213895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reptiles are carriers of an array of microorganisms, including significant zoonotic bacteria of the genus Salmonella, which cause a disease referred to as salmonellosis that affects both animals and humans. This study investigated the occurrence of Salmonella serovars in wild reptiles at Timbavati Private Game Reserve in Limpopo Province, South Africa, and examined their virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles. A total of 19 wild reptiles were sampled, which resulted in 30 presumptive Salmonella isolates. The isolates were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplifying the invA gene and were further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Salmonella serovars were detected in chameleons (36.8%), lizards (31.6%), snakes (15.8%), and tortoises (15.8%). The use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Salamae (30%), S. enterica subsp. enterica (16.7%), S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (13.3%), and S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Indiana (13.3%) were the four most common subspecies among the investigated 30 isolates. Detected virulence genes included pagN (100%), hilA (96.7%), ssrB (96.7%), prgH (86.7%), and marT (86.7%). The isolates exhibited resistance to nalidixic acid (43.3%) and kanamycin (43.3%), followed by streptomycin (16.7%) and ciprofloxacin (3.3%). Antibiotic-resistant genes were detected as follows: strA, strB, qnrA, qnrS, parC, aadA, aac(6')-Ib, and aac(6')-Ib-cr at 33.3%, 6.7%, 16.7, 13.3%, 10%, 23.3%, 6.7%, and 10%, respectively. The findings highlight the necessity of educational initiatives aimed at reducing reptile-related infections. Effective antibiotic treatment appears promising for infection, given the minimal drug resistance observed in reptile Salmonella serovars in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lungile N. Mlangeni
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Kgaugelo E. Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Cormac Price
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Che Weldon
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Mohammed BT. Identification and bioinformatic analysis of invA gene of Salmonella in free range chicken. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e263363. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Salmonella is a serious cause of the health issues in human and animal worldwide. Salmonella has been isolated from different biological samples and it considers as the key role in induction of inflammation of gastrointestinal tract which in turn cause diarrhoea in different species. To further understand the involvement of Salmonella in contaminating and infecting fresh eggs and meat of free-range chicken. This study aimed to establish the microbiological and molecular detections of Salmonella in the cloaca of the free-range chicken and to identify predicted biological functions using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomic (KEGG) pathways and protein-protein interaction. Cloacal swabs were collected from free range chicken raised in the local farm in Duhok city. The isolates were cultured and biochemical test performed using XLD and TSI, respectively. Molecular detection and functional annotation of invA gene was carried out using Conventional PCR and bioinformatics approaches. The present study found that Salmonella was detected in 36 out of 86 samples using microbiological methods. To confirm these findings, invA gene was utilised and 9 out of 36 Salmonella isolates have shown a positive signal of invA by agarose gel. In addition, bioinformatic analysis revealed that invA gene was mainly associated with bacterial secretion processes as well as their KEGG terms and Protein-Protein Interaction were involved in bacterial invasion and secretion pathways. These findings suggested that invA gene plays important role in regulating colonization and invasion processes of Salmonella within the gut host in the free range chicken.
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Sheng H, Suo J, Dai J, Wang S, Li M, Su L, Cao M, Cao Y, Chen J, Cui S, Yang B. Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and genomic analysis of Salmonella from retail meats in Shaanxi, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 403:110305. [PMID: 37421839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that poses a substantial risk to food safety and public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and genomic features of Salmonella isolates recovered from 600 retail meat samples (300 pork, 150 chicken and 150 beef) from August 2018 to October 2019 in Shaanxi, China. Overall, 40 (6.67 %) of 600 samples were positive to Salmonella, with the highest prevalence in chicken (21.33 %, 32/150), followed in pork (2.67 %, 8/300), while no Salmonella was detected in beef. A total of 10 serotypes and 11 sequence types (STs) were detected in 40 Salmonella isolates, with the most common being ST198 S. Kentucky (n = 15), ST13 S. Agona (n = 6), and ST17 S. Indiana (n = 5). Resistance was most commonly found to tetracycline (82.50 %), followed by to ampicillin (77.50 %), nalidixic acid (70.00 %), kanamycin (57.50 %), ceftriaxone (55.00 %), cefotaxime (52.50 %), cefoperazone (52.50 %), chloramphenicol (50.00 %), levofloxacin (57.50 %), cefotaxime (52.50 %), kanamycin (52.50 %), chloramphenicol (50.00 %), ciprofloxacin (50.00 %), and levofloxacin (50.00 %). All ST198 S. Kentucky isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR; ≥3 antimicrobial categories) pattern. Genomic analysis showed 56 distinct antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and 6 target gene mutations of quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) in 40 Salmonella isolates, among which, the most prevalent ARG types were related to aminoglycosides and β-lactams resistance, and the most frequent mutation in QRDRs was GyrA (S83F) (47.5 %). The number of ARGs in Salmonella isolates showed a significant positive correlation with the numbers of insert sequences (ISs) and plasmid replicons. Taken together, our findings indicated retail chickens were seriously contaminated, while pork and beef are rarely contaminated by Salmonella. Antibiotic resistance determinants and genetic relationships of the isolates provide crucial data for food safety and public health safeguarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjing Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jia Suo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinghan Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Siyue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengyuan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Hebei Quality Inspection and Testing Center of Forest, Grass and Flower, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China.
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Amory H, Cesarini C, De Maré L, Loublier C, Moula N, Detilleux J, Saulmont M, Garigliany MM, Lecoq L. Relationship between the Cycle Threshold Value (Ct) of a Salmonella spp. qPCR Performed on Feces and Clinical Signs and Outcome in Horses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1950. [PMID: 37630510 PMCID: PMC10459194 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of fecal quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) Salmonella results when taking the cycle threshold values (Ct) into account. The study included 120 Salmonella qPCR-positive fecal samples obtained from 88 hospitalized horses over a 2-year period. The mean Ct of the qPCR test was evaluated in regard to (1) clinical outcome and (2) systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) status (no SIRS, moderate SIRS, or severe SIRS) of the sampled horses. An ROC analysis was performed to establish the optimal cut-off Ct values associated with severe SIRS. The mean ± SD Ct value was significantly lower in samples (1) from horses with a fatal issue (27.87 ± 5.15 cycles) than in surviving horses (31.75 ± 3.60 cycles), and (2) from horses with severe SIRS (27.87 ± 2.78 cycles) than from horses with no (32.51 ± 3.59 cycles) or moderate (31.54 ± 3.02 cycles) SIRS. In the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of Ct associated with a severe SIRS was 30.40 cycles, with an AUC value of 0.84 [95% confidence interval 0.76-0.91] and an OR of 0.64 [0.51-0.79]. Results suggest that including the Ct value in the interpretation of fecal qPCR results could improve the diagnostic value of this test for clinical salmonellosis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Amory
- Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
| | - Carla Cesarini
- Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
| | - Lorie De Maré
- Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
| | - Clémence Loublier
- Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
| | - Nassim Moula
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Johann Detilleux
- Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
| | - Marc Saulmont
- Regional Animal Health and Identification Association (ARSIA), 2 Allée des Artisans, ZA du Biron, 5590 Ciney, Belgium
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laureline Lecoq
- Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (M.-M.G.)
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8
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Wójcicki M, Świder O, Gientka I, Błażejak S, Średnicka P, Shymialevich D, Cieślak H, Wardaszka A, Emanowicz P, Sokołowska B, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Effectiveness of a Phage Cocktail as a Potential Biocontrol Agent against Saprophytic Bacteria in Ready-To-Eat Plant-Based Food. Viruses 2023; 15:172. [PMID: 36680211 PMCID: PMC9860863 DOI: 10.3390/v15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the phage cocktail to improve the microbiological quality of five different mixed-leaf salads: rucola, mixed-leaf salad with carrot, mixed-leaf salad with beetroot, washed and unwashed spinach, during storage in refrigerated conditions. Enterobacterales rods constituted a significant group of bacteria in the tested products. Selected bacteria were tested for antibiotic resistance profiles and then used to search for specific bacteriophages. Forty-three phages targeting bacteria dominant in mixed-leaf salads were isolated from sewage. Their titer was determined, and lytic activity was assessed using the Bioscreen C Pro automated growth analyzer. Two methods of phage cocktail application including spraying, and an absorption pad were effective for rucola, mixed leaf salad with carrot, and mixed leaf salad with beetroot. The maximum reduction level after 48 h of incubation reached 99.9% compared to the control sample. In washed and unwashed spinach, attempts to reduce the number of microorganisms did not bring the desired effect. The decrease in bacteria count in the lettuce mixes depended on the composition of the autochthonous saprophytic bacteria species. Both phage cocktail application methods effectively improved the microbiological quality of minimally processed products. Whole-spectral phage cocktail application may constitute an alternative food microbiological quality improvement method without affecting food properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Cieślak
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Emanowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Chodkowska KA, Iwiński H, Wódz K, Nowak T, Różański H. In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Phytobiotics Composition towards of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and Other E. coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121818. [PMID: 36551476 PMCID: PMC9774517 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli infections (including APEC) in broiler chickens are not only a health and economic problem of the flock, but also a significant health threat to poultry meat consumers. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of the phytobiotic composition on E. coli in broiler chickens were previously described. However, most of the data were related to the reference strains (for both in vitro and in vivo models). Based on the previous studies in human and animals, E. coli strains seem to be multidrug resistance. This, in turn, makes it necessary to develop effective alternative methods of treating this type of infection already at the stage of poultry production. In the present study, the antibacterial activity against various strains of E. coli (including APEC) was assessed for two innovative phytobiotics mixtures: H1, containing thymol, menthol, linalool, trans-anethole, methyl salicylate, 1,8-cineol, and p-cymene; H2, in addition to compounds from H1, containing terpinen-4-ol and γ-terpinene. The unique mixtures of phytobiotics used in the experiment were effective against various strains of E. coli, also against APEC, isolated from broiler chickens from traditional industrial breeding, as well as against those showing colistin resistance. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for these unique mixtures were: For H1 1:512 for APEC and non-APEC E. coli strains isolated from day old chicks (DOCs), 1:512 for non-APEC, and 1:1024 for non-APEC isolated from broilers sample. For mixture H2, MIC for APEC from both type of samples (DOCs and broilers) was 1:1024 and for non-APEC (DOCs and broilers) was 1:512. The results suggest that phytobiotic compositions used in this study can be successfully used as a natural alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of E. coli infections in broiler chickens. The promising results may be a crucial point for further analyses in broiler flocks exposed to E. coli infections and where it is necessary to reduce the level of antibiotics or completely eliminate them, thus reducing the risk of foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A. Chodkowska
- Krzyżanowski Partners Spółka z o.o., Zakładowa 7, 26-670 Pionki, Poland
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-726220144
| | - Hubert Iwiński
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Wódz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland
| | - Henryk Różański
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warszawa, Poland
- Laboratory of Industrial and Experimental Biology, Institute for Health and Economics, Carpathian State University in Krosno, Rynek 1, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
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10
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Wójcicki M, Chmielarczyk A, Świder O, Średnicka P, Strus M, Kasperski T, Shymialevich D, Cieślak H, Emanowicz P, Kowalczyk M, Sokołowska B, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Bacterial Pathogens in the Food Industry: Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Food Chain Links. Pathogens 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 36365074 PMCID: PMC9692263 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Fifty-three strains of Salmonella deposited in the Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms-Microbiological Resources Center (IAFB) were identified using molecular and proteomic analyses. Moreover, the genetic similarity of the tested strains was determined using the PFGE method. Main virulence genes were identified, and phenotypical antibiotic susceptibility profiles and prevalence of resistance genes were analyzed. Subsequently, the occurrence of the main mechanisms of β-lactam resistance was determined. Virulence genes, invA, fimA, and stn were identified in all tested strains. Phenotypic tests, including 28 antibiotics, showed that 50.9% of the strains were MDR. The tet genes associated with tetracyclines resistance were the most frequently identified genes. Concerning the genes associated with ESBL-producing Salmonella, no resistance to the TEM and CTX-M type was identified, and only two strains (KKP 1597 and KKP 1610) showed resistance to SHV. No strains exhibited AmpC-type resistance but for six Salmonella strains, the efflux-related resistance of PSE-1 was presented. The high number of resistant strains in combination with multiple ARGs in Salmonella indicates the possible overuse of antibiotics. Our results showed that it is necessary to monitor antimicrobial resistance profiles in all food chain links constantly and to implement a policy of proper antibiotic stewardship to contain or at least significantly limit the further acquisition of antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Strus
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kasperski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Cieślak
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Emanowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Ramatla TA, Mphuthi N, Ramaili T, Taioe M, Thekisoe O, Syakalima M. Molecular detection of zoonotic pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans:
Salmonella
spp.,
Shigella
spp. and
Escherichia coli
isolated from
Rattus
species inhabiting chicken farms in North West Province, South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2022; 93:63-69. [DOI: 10.36303/jsava.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TA Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - N Mphuthi
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - T Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - M Taioe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agriculture Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research,
South Africa
| | - O Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - M Syakalima
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
- University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control,
Zambia
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12
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Pławińska-Czarnak J, Wódz K, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Bogdan J, Kwieciński P, Nowak T, Strzałkowska Z, Anusz K. Multi-Drug Resistance to Salmonella spp. When Isolated from Raw Meat Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:876. [PMID: 35884130 PMCID: PMC9311972 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is the most frequent cause of foodborne diseases, and the increasing occurrence of MDR strains is an additional and increasing problem. We collected Salmonella spp. strains isolated from meat (poultry and pork) and analysed their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and the occurrence of resistance genes. To determine the susceptibility profiles and identify MDR strains, we used two MIC methods (MICRONAUT and VITEC2 Compact) and 25 antibiotics. Phenotypic tests showed that 53.84% strains were MDR. Finally, molecular analysis strains revealed the presence of blaSHV, blaPSE-1, blaTEM, but not blaCTX-M genes. Moreover, several genes were associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluorochinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. This suggests that further research on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in foodborne strains is needed, especially from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (Z.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Karolina Wódz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Ul. Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland; (K.W.); (P.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego Str. 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Janusz Bogdan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (Z.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Piotr Kwieciński
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Ul. Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland; (K.W.); (P.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Ul. Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland; (K.W.); (P.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Zuzanna Strzałkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (Z.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (Z.S.); (K.A.)
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13
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In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Phytobiotics Mixture on Salmonella spp. Isolated from Chicken Broiler. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070868. [PMID: 35884122 PMCID: PMC9312233 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of natural antibacterial agents from various sources that can act effectively against disease-causing foodborne bacteria is one of the major concerns throughout the world. In the present study, a unique phytobiotics mixture containing thymol, menthol, linalool, trans-anethole, methyl salicylate, 1,8-cineole, and p-cymene was evaluated for antibacterial activity against selected strains of Salmonella spp. Results: The phytobiotics mixture was effective against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Kentucky. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of this unique mixture for these three pathogens were 1:256. Among these three strains, one S. Kentucky presented the most extensive resistance profiles to 18 antibiotics belonging to 5 classes of antibiotics. One of S. Typhimurium presents extensive resistance profiles to 14 antibiotics belonging to 5 classes of antibiotics. Conclusions: The results suggest that the phytobiotics mixture used in the experiment can be used as a strong natural antibacterial agent against Gram-negative foodborne pathogens such as S. Typhimurium, S. Kentucky, and S. Enteritidis. This is a preliminary analysis of the effectiveness of a phytobiotic product in an in vitro model, which may be the starting point for further studies, including in vivo animal models.
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14
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Mendybayeva AM, Aliyeva GK, Chuzhebayeva GD, Tegza AA, Rychshanova RM. Antibiotic resistance of enterobacterial pathogens isolated on the territory of the Northern Kazakhstan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 87:101854. [PMID: 35779358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify strains of infectious disease pathogens and to determine their antibacterial drug resistance. From 2018-2020, 5322 samples of biological material from animals and birds, products of animal origin were taken at retail outlets, livestock enterprises in Kostanay and North Kazakhstan regions. In the study territories of 20 districts and 4 cities were covered. Phenotypic resistance analysis of the recovered isolates of Salmonella spp. showed a high level of resistance to antibiotics of the tetracyclines (82/137) and nitrofurans (81/137) groups. S. aureus isolates had increased resistance to the β-lactams (124/131) and macrolides (96/131) groups. As a result, the largest number of genes encoding resistance was found to the β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and macrolides groups. The study was carried out within the framework of the project AR05131447 "Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of pathogens of enteropathogenic zooanthroponosis diseases in the Northern Kazakhstan".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anara M Mendybayeva
- Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur K Aliyeva
- Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzhagan D Chuzhebayeva
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandra A Tegza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Raushan M Rychshanova
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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15
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Li Y, Li K, Peng K, Wang Z, Song H, Li R. Distribution, antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella along the pork production chain in Jiangsu, China. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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One Health Perspective of Salmonella Serovars in South Africa Using Pooled Prevalence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:8952669. [PMID: 35498396 PMCID: PMC9046003 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8952669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a bacterium that is commonly associated with food-borne infections and is regarded as one of the most important pathogens in public health. Salmonella serovars, particularly Typhimurium and Enteritidis, which are widely distributed globally, mainly result in outbreaks commonly linked to the consumption of animal products. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of Salmonella serovars from one health perspective that included human, environmental, and animal samples in South Africa. PubMed, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, and Scopus databases were used to conduct extensive searches of articles which were ultimately included or excluded following the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. According to the data obtained in this review, the overall pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of Salmonella serovars detection were 79.6%, 61.6%, 56.5%, and 43.2% for human, environment, animal, and environment/animal samples in South Africa, respectively. The majority of the studies (50%) used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the detection of Salmonella serovars, followed by culture methods (26.7%), while 20% used serotyping. The PPE for nontyphoidal Salmonellae (NTS) was 65.6% and 34.4% for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Our data further shows that 3 serovars, namely, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteriditis, and Salmonella Hadar, have been isolated from animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa. Our results highlight the ongoing spread of Salmonella spp. especially on animals which might end up infecting humans via direct contact with infected animals or eating infected animal products. This calls for deliberate “One Health” epidemiological studies in order to document information on the transmission between humans, animals, and the environment. This will ultimately result in the formulation of a consolidated salmonellosis control policy by the environmental, human, and veterinary health sectors.
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17
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Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Detected along the Broiler Production Chain in Trinidad and Tobago. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030570. [PMID: 35336145 PMCID: PMC8955423 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study determined the serovars, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from hatcheries, broiler farms, processing plants, and retail outlets in Trinidad and Tobago. Salmonella in silico serotyping detected 23 different serovars where Kentucky 20.5% (30/146), Javiana 19.2% (28/146), Infantis 13.7% (20/146), and Albany 8.9% (13/146) were the predominant serovars. There was a 76.0% (111/146) agreement between serotyping results using traditional conventional methods and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in in silico analysis. In silico identification of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, peptides, sulfonamides, and antiseptics were detected. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 6.8% (10/146) of the isolates of which 100% originated from broiler farms. Overall, virulence factors associated with secretion systems and fimbrial adherence determinants accounted for 69.3% (3091/4463), and 29.2% (1302/4463) counts, respectively. Ten of 20 isolates of serovar Infantis (50.0%) showed MDR and contained the blaCTX-M-65 gene. This is the first molecular characterization of Salmonella isolates detected along the entire broiler production continuum in the Caribbean region using WGS. The availability of these genomes will help future source tracking during epidemiological investigations associated with Salmonella foodborne outbreaks in the region and worldwide.
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18
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Sobierajski T, Mazińska B, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Śmiałek M, Hryniewicz W. Antimicrobial and Antibiotic Resistance from the Perspective of Polish Veterinary Students: An Inter-University Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010115. [PMID: 35052992 PMCID: PMC8772817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is a global problem that affects the use of antibiotics by humans and animal husbandry. One of the primary reasons for the growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is the over-prescription of antibiotics by doctors in human medicine and the overuse of antibiotics in industrial animal farming. Adequate education of veterinary medical students on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry may reduce antibiotic resistance. For this reason, a survey was conducted among students at four primary research and didactic centers teaching veterinary medicine in Poland. The survey aimed to find out the knowledge and attitude of students towards the use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. The survey was conducted in May/June 2021. Four hundred and sixty-seven students participated in the study. The study positively verified that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance knowledge increase with successive years of veterinary studies/education. For most students (82.2%), antibiotic resistance is a significant problem, but only 58.7% believe it is global, and one in three respondents heard about the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sobierajski
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialization, Warsaw University, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Beata Mazińska
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (W.H.)
| | - Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marcin Śmiałek
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (W.H.)
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19
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Molecular Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica in Poultry in South Africa Using the Farm-to-Fork Approach. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:5121273. [PMID: 35069744 PMCID: PMC8776487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella in the food supply chain poses a serious public health threat. This study describes the prevalence, susceptibility profiles, virulence patterns, and clonality of Salmonella from a poultry flock monitored over six weeks, using the farm-to-fork approach. Salmonella was isolated using selective media and confirmed to the genus and species level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the invA and iroB genes, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using Vitek-2 and the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against a panel of 21 antibiotics recommended by the World Health Organisation Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (WHO-AGISAR). Selected virulence genes were identified by conventional PCR, and clonality was determined using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). Salmonella was present in 32.1% of the samples: on the farm (30.9%), at the abattoir (0.6%), and during house decontamination (0.6%). A total of 210 isolates contained the invA and iroB genes. Litter, faeces, and carcass rinsate isolates were classified as resistant to cefuroxime (45.2%), cefoxitin (1.9%), chloramphenicol (1.9%), nitrofurantoin (0.4%), pefloxacin (11.4%), and azithromycin (11%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed among 3.8% of the isolates. All wastewater and 72.4% of carcass rinsate isolates were fully susceptible. All isolates harboured the misL, orfL, pipD, stn, spiC, hilA, and sopB virulence genes, while pefA, spvA, spvB, and spvC were absent. In addition, fliC was only present among the wastewater isolates. Various ERIC-PCR patterns were observed throughout the continuum with different subtypes, indicating the unrelated spread of Salmonella. This study concluded that poultry and the poultry environment serve as reservoirs for resistant and pathogenic Salmonella. However, there was no evidence of transmission along the farm-to-fork continuum.
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Nguyen TK, Nguyen LT, Chau TTH, Nguyen TT, Tran BN, Taniguchi T, Hayashidani H, Ly KTL. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from poultry and its environment in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Vet World 2021; 14:3216-3223. [PMID: 35153415 PMCID: PMC8829407 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3216-3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Salmonella is one of the leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne infectious outbreaks in humans and poultry and its associated environment is a potential reservoir of Salmonella. In recent years, the antibiotic resistance of bacteria, including Salmonella, has been increasing. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from poultry, its environment, and the pest animals found at poultry farms and households of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Materials and Methods: A total of 3,055 samples were collected from the broiler farms and households of the Mekong Delta from 2017 to 2020. Salmonella was isolated using conventional methods (culturing on selective agar – BPLS and biochemical test) and the isolates were examined for antibiotic resistance against 14 antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Results: Salmonella was isolated from 181 samples (5.92%), which included chicken feces (7.67%), pest animals (5.98%), and environmental samples (4.33%). The environmental samples comprised bedding (5.88%), feed (5.48%), and drinking water (0.70%). The prevalence of Salmonella was the highest in rats (15.63%) and geckos (12.25%) followed by ants (2.83%) and cockroaches (2.44%); however, Salmonella was not isolated from any fly species. Most of the isolates exhibited resistance to 1-9 antibiotics. The isolates were relatively resistant to chloramphenicol (62.98%), tetracycline (55.80%), ampicillin (54.14%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (53.04%). Sixty-two multiple resistance patterns were found in the isolates, with ampicillin-cefuroxime-chloramphenicol-tetracycline- sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim being the most frequent (7.18%). Conclusion: The chickens, husbandry environment, and pest animals at poultry farms and households were found to be important Salmonella sources in the Mekong Delta. Salmonella isolates from these sources also exhibited a wide-ranging resistance to antibiotics as well as several resistance patterns. Hence, biosecurity should be addressed in poultry farms and households to prevent cross-contamination and reduce the spread of Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan K. Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Lam T. Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Trang T. H. Chau
- Department of Veterinary, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Tam T. Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Bich N. Tran
- Department of Veterinary, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Takahide Taniguchi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashidani
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Khai T. L. Ly
- Department of Veterinary, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
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Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Concurrently Isolated from the Environment, Animals, and Humans in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121435. [PMID: 34943647 PMCID: PMC8698067 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main global concerns is the usage and spread of antibiotic resistant Salmonella serovars. The animals, humans, and environmental components interact and contribute to the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, directly or indirectly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated from the environment, animals, and humans in South Africa by a systematic review and meta-analysis. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to search four databases for studies published from 1980 to 2021, that reported the antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated in South Africa. The AR was screened from 2930 Salmonella serotypes which were isolated from 6842 samples. The Western Cape province had high pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of Salmonella isolates with AR profiles followed by North West, Gauteng, and Eastern Cape with 94.3%, 75.4%, 59.4%, and 46.2%, respectively. The high PPE and heterogeneity were observed from environmental samples [69.6 (95% CI: 41.7−88.3), Q = 303.643, I2 = 98.353, Q-P = 0.045], animals [41.9 (95% CI: 18.5–69.5), Q = 637.355, I2 = 98.745, Q-P = 0.577], as well as animals/environment [95.9 (95% CI: 5.4−100), Q = 55.253, I2 = 96.380, Q-P = 0.300]. The majority of the salmonella isolates were resistant to sulphonamides (92.0%), enrofloxacin and erythromycin (89.3%), oxytetracycline (77.4%), imipenem (72.6%), tetracycline (67.4%), as well as trimethoprim (52.2%), among the environment, animals, and humans. The level of multidrug-resistance recorded for Salmonella isolates was 28.5% in this review. This study has highlighted the occurrence of AR by Salmonella isolates from animals, humans, and environmental samples in South Africa and this calls for a consolidated “One Health” approach for antimicrobial resistance epidemiological research, as well as the formulation of necessary intervention measures to prevent further spread.
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Bahramianfard H, Derakhshandeh A, Naziri Z, Khaltabadi Farahani R. Prevalence, virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry and egg samples in Iran. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:196. [PMID: 34030671 PMCID: PMC8142639 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the most common serovars, associated with human salmonellosis. The food-borne outbreak of this bacterium is mainly related to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat and poultry products, including eggs. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection, besides investigation of virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. Enteritidis in poultry and poultry egg samples is essential. A total of 3125 samples (2250 poultry and 875 poultry egg samples), sent to the administrative centers of veterinary microbiology laboratories in six provinces of Iran, were examined for Salmonella contamination, according to the ISO 6579 guideline. Next, duplex PCR was conducted on 250 presumptive Salmonella isolates to detect invA gene for identification of the genus Salmonella and sdf gene for identification of S. Enteritidis. Subsequently, the S. Enteritidis isolates were examined for detection of important virulence genes (pagC, cdtB, msgA, spaN, tolC, lpfC, and spvC) and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns against nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cephalothin, ceftazidime, colistin sulfate, and kanamycin by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS Overall, 8.7 and 2.3% of poultry samples and 6.3 and 1.3% of eggs were contaminated with Salmonella species and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The invA and msgA genes (100%) and cdtB gene (6.3%) had the highest and the lowest prevalence rates in S. Enteritidis isolates. The spvC gene, which is mainly located on the Salmonella virulence plasmid, was detected in 50.8% of S. Enteritidis isolates. The S. Enteritidis isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to nalidixic acid (87.3%) and ceftazidime (11.1%), respectively. Unfortunately, 27.0% of S. Enteritidis isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). CONCLUSION The rate of contamination with Salmonella in the poultry and egg samples, besides the presence of antimicrobial resistant and MDR Salmonella isolates harboring the virulence genes in these samples, could significantly affect food safety and subsequently, human health. Therefore, continuous monitoring of animal-source foods, enhancement of poultry farm control measures, and limiting the use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes in food producing animals, are essential for reducing the zoonotic risk of this foodborne pathogen for consumers and also choosing effective antibiotics for the treatment of salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Bahramianfard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Naziri
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Khaltabadi Farahani
- Department of Poultry Disease, National Reference Laboratories, Applied Studies and Diagnosis Center, Tehran, Iran
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Mokgophi TM, Gcebe N, Fasina F, Adesiyun AA. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolates on Chickens Processed and Retailed at Outlets of the Informal Market in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030273. [PMID: 33804304 PMCID: PMC8000370 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella on chickens processed and retailed at outlets of the informal markets in Gauteng province, South Africa. The study also investigated the relationship of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella to the source and type of samples and their serotypes. Carcass swabs, cloacal swabs and carcass drips were randomly collected from each of 151 slaughtered chickens from six townships. Isolation and identification were performed using standard and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the resistance of Salmonella isolates to 16 antimicrobial agents and PCR to determine their serovars. Ninety-eight (64.9%) of the 151 chickens were contaminated with Salmonella of which 94.9% (93/98) were resistant serovars. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates was high to erythromycin (94.9%) and spectinomycin (82.7%) but was low to ciprofloxacin (1.0%) and norfloxacin (1.0%) (p < 0.05). All 170 isolates of Salmonella tested exhibited resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents and the frequency varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the townships, the type of samples and the serovars. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella was 81.8% (139/170). Our findings pose zoonotic, food safety and therapeutic risks to workers and consumers of undercooked, contaminated chickens from these outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma M. Mokgophi
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Agricultural Research Council–Bacteriology and Zoonotic Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Folorunso Fasina
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Dar es Salaam 14111, Tanzania & Department of Vet-erinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- Correspondence:
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Ma F, Xu S, Tang Z, Li Z, Zhang L. Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Veltman T, Jordan D, McDevitt CA, Bell J, Howden BP, Valcanis M, O'Dea M, Abraham S, Scott P, Kovac JH, Chia R, Combs B, Chousalkar K, Wilson T, Trott DJ. Absence of high priority critically important antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella sp. isolated from Australian commercial egg layer environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 340:109042. [PMID: 33461002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens is a growing public health concern. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica isolated from the Australian commercial egg layer industry. S. enterica subspecies enterica (n=307) isolated from Australian commercial layer flock environments (2015-2018) were obtained from reference, research and State Government laboratories from six Australian states. All Salmonella isolates were serotyped. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for 16 antimicrobial agents was performed by broth microdilution. Antimicrobial resistance genes and sequence types (STs) were identified in significant isolates by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Three main serotypes were detected, S. Typhimurium (n=61, 19.9%), S. Senftenburg (n=45, 14.7%) and S. Agona (n=37, 12.1%). AST showed 293/307 (95.4%) isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents and all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, colistin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Low levels of non-susceptibility were observed to streptomycin (2.3%, n=7), sulfisoxazole (2.0%, n=6), chloramphenicol (1.3%, n=4) and tetracycline (1.0%, n=3). Very low levels of non-susceptibility were observed to ampicillin (2/307; 0.7%) and cefoxitin (2/307; 0.7%). Two isolates (S. Havana and S. Montevideo), exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline and possessed corresponding antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA4, aac(6')-Iaa, sul1, tetB). One S. Typhimurium isolate was resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, and possessed both tetA and blaTEM-1B. WGS also identified these isolates as belonging to ST4 (S. Montevideo), ST578 (S. Havana) and ST19 (S. Typhimurium). The absence of resistance to highest priority critically important antimicrobials as well as the extremely low level of AMR generally among Australian commercial egg layer Salmonella isolates likely reflect Australia's conservative antimicrobial registration policy in food-producing animals and low rates of antimicrobial use within the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Veltman
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia; Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government, Wollongbar, Australia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia; Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jan Bell
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia; Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Valcanis
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark O'Dea
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | | | - Jessica H Kovac
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | | | - Barry Combs
- OzFoodNet, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Perth, Australia
| | - Kapil Chousalkar
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | | | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia.
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Ajiboye TO, Oluwarinde BO, Montso PK, Ateba CN, Onwudiwe DC. Antimicrobial activities of Cu(II), In(III), and Sb(III) complexes of N-methyl-N–phenyl dithiocarbamate complexes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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AKINOLA STEPHENABIOLA, TSHIMPAMBA MPINDAEDOAURD, MWANZA MULUNDA, ATEBA COLLINSNJIE. Biofilm Production Potential of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Chickens in North West Province, South Africa. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:427-439. [PMID: 33574871 PMCID: PMC7812364 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have recently gained considerable interest in the food production and medical industries due to their ability to resist destruction by disinfectants and other antimicrobials. Biofilms are extracellular polymer matrices that may enhance the survival of pathogens even when exposed to environmental stress. The effect of incubation temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C) and Salmonella serotype on biofilm-forming potentials was evaluated. Previously typed Salmonella serotypes (55) isolated from the gut of chickens were accessed for biofilms formation using a standard assay. Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028TM and Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076TM (positive controls), Escherichia coli (internal control) and un-inoculated Luria Bertani (LB) broth (negative control) were used. The isolates formed no biofilm (11.86-13.56%), weak (11.86-45.76%), moderate (18.64-20.34%), strong biofilms (23.73-54.24%) across the various temperatures investigated. Serotypes, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Weltevreden were the strongest biofilm formers at temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C, respectively). The potential of a large proportion (80%) of Salmonella serotypes to form biofilms increased with increasing incubation temperatures but decreased at 40°C. Findings indicate that average temperature favours biofilm formation by Salmonella serotypes. However, the influence of incubation temperature on biofilm formation was greater when compared to serotype. A positive correlation exists between Salmonella biofilm formed at 25°C, 37°C and 40°C (p ≥ 0.01). The ability of Salmonella species to form biofilms at 25°C and 37°C suggests that these serotypes may present severe challenges to food-processing and hospital facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- STEPHEN ABIOLA AKINOLA
- Department of Microbiology, Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-Control Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - MPINDA EDOAURD TSHIMPAMBA
- Center for Animal Health Studies, Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - MULUNDA MWANZA
- Center for Animal Health Studies, Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - COLLINS NJIE ATEBA
- Department of Microbiology, Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-Control Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Dawan J, Ahn J. Effectiveness of Antibiotic Combination Treatments to Control Heteroresistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:441-449. [PMID: 32255738 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the interactions between antibiotics in combination treatments of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in association with the development of antibiotic heteroresistance. Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (STWT), ciprofloxacin (CIP)-induced S. Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (STCIP), and clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009 (STCLI) treated with antibiotic alone (cephalothin [CEP], CIP, ceftriaxone [CEF], and tobramycin [TOB]) and combination antibiotics (CEP-CIP and CEF-TOB) were used to compare the antibiotic susceptibility, resistance fitness, and cross-resistance. The susceptibilities of STWT, STCIP, and STCLI to CEP were not significant differences between CEP and CEP-CIP treatments, whereas those of STWT, STCIP, and STCLI to TOB were significant differences between TOB and CEF-TOB treatments. The interactions between CEP and CIP in the combination treatment showed mutually synergistic activities against STWT and STCLI. For the CEF-TOB combination treatments, TOB helped enhance the antibiotic activity of CEF against STWT, showing directional synergistic effect. The CEF-TOB combination treatment increased bactericidal activity against STWT, STCIP, and STCLI without causing injured cells. The combination antibiotic treatments (CEP-CIP and CEF-TOB) increased the fitness cost (relative fitness = 0.7) and decreased the cross-resistance of STWT, STCIP, and STCLI when exposed to different classes of antibiotics. This study provides new insight for designing combination antibiotic regimens that can synergistically enhance the antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella and inhibit the emergence of cross-resistance to different classes of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Dawan
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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