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Limboo KH, Singh B. Antibiotic potentiating effect of Bauhinia purpurea L. against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1385268. [PMID: 38694794 PMCID: PMC11062131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia purpurea L. is a medium-sized tree from the family Fabaceae. The plant is traditionally used as medicine by different tribes in Sikkim. The present study aimed to evaluate the modulation in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bark methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea L. against the clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The synergistic activity of the test plant extract with different classes of antibiotics was also evaluated. The methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea exhibited modulation by a 16-fold reduction in the MIC of clindamycin against both resistant and susceptible isolates, followed by penicillin and gentamicin, whereas a maximum of only a 4-fold MIC reduction was observed with ciprofloxacin. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration showed by the plant extract was 0.48 and 0.97 mg/mL, respectively. The methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea exhibited synergistic activity with penicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin against most of the tested isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR-SA). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Bauhinia purpurea L. bark methanol extract revealed 16 phytocompounds. The results provide an insight into the potential antibacterial property of the plant extract in terms of its antibiotic MIC modulation and synergistic properties with the selected antibiotics. This is the first report of the antibiotic potentiation property of Bauhinia purpurea L., collected from Sikkim, India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bimala Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
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Hosseini F, Habibi Najafi MB, Rasool Oromiehie A, Nasiri Mahalati M, Yavarmanesh M. Study on synergistic effects of curcumin and bixin against foodborne pathogens. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2426-2435. [PMID: 38628195 PMCID: PMC11016438 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown that natural colorants, in addition to their coloring attributes, have valuable biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anticarcinogenic properties. Moreover, their use as a food colorant can restrict the potential disadvantages of synthetic additives and turn foods into functional products. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activities of two natural colorants of bixin and curcumin against some important foodborne pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Listeria innocua (L. innocua), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated by disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were determined by agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. The synergistic activity of the colorants against selected microorganisms was assayed by the checkerboard microdilution method. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of bixin against S. aureus were more pronounced than E. coli and L. innocua. The lowest concentration of curcumin (0.6 mg/mL) in the disk diffusion method was not inhibited by any tested bacteria. However, it was effective at the higher concentrations against three microorganisms, but its diameter of inhibition zones was lower than gentamicin in all concentrations. Synergetic effects were observed by curcumin and bixin combination against S. aureus (FICI ≤ 0.5), but they act as an antagonist against E. coli and L. innocua. The results of the synergy test were confirmed by the isobologram curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Hosseini
- Department of Food Additives, Food Science & Technology Research Institute Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR) Khorasan Razavi Branch Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoud Yavarmanesh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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Iseppi R, Truzzi E, Sabia C, Messi P. Efficacy and Synergistic Potential of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. & Perry) Essential Oils to Control Food-Borne Pathogens in Fresh-Cut Fruits. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:319. [PMID: 38666995 PMCID: PMC11047545 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of microbial pathogens in ready-to-eat produce represents a serious health problem. The antibacterial activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. & Perry) essential oils (EOs) was determined toward food-borne pathogens by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The growth kinetics of all strains, both in a buffer suspension assay and "on food" in artificially contaminated samples, were also investigated. The two EOs demonstrated a good antibacterial effect both alone and in combination (EO/EO). The use of EO/EO led to a synergistic antibacterial effect, also confirmed by the growth kinetics studies, where the EOs were active after 10 h of incubation (p < 0.0001) at significantly lower concentrations than those when alone. In the "on food" studies performed on artificially contaminated fruit samples stored at 4 °C for 8 days, the greatest killing activity was observed at the end of the trial (8 days) with a reduction of up to 7 log CFU/g compared to the control. These results confirm the good antibacterial activity of the EOs, which were more effective when used in combination. Data from the "on food" studies suggest cinnamon and clove essential oils, traditionally used in the food industry, as a possible natural alternative to chemical additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Iseppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.I.); (C.S.)
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Carla Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.I.); (C.S.)
| | - Patrizia Messi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.I.); (C.S.)
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Kim SH, Hind CK, Fernandes GFS, Wu J, Semenya D, Clifford M, Marsh C, Anselmi S, Mason AJ, Bruce KD, Sutton JM, Castagnolo D. Development of Novel Membrane Disrupting Lipoguanidine Compounds Sensitizing Gram-Negative Bacteria to Antibiotics. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:239-249. [PMID: 38352828 PMCID: PMC10860194 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A new class of amphiphilic molecules, the lipoguanidines, designed as hybrids of guanidine and fatty acid compounds, has been synthesized and developed. The new molecules present both a guanidine polar head and a lipophilic tail that allow them to disrupt bacterial membranes and to sensitize Gram-negative bacteria to the action of the narrow-spectrum antibiotics rifampicin and novobiocin. The lipoguanidine 5g sensitizes Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli to rifampicin, thereby reducing the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) up to 256-fold. Similarly, 5g is able to potentiate novobiocin up to 64-fold, thereby showing a broad spectrum of antibiotic potentiating activity. Toxicity and mechanism studies revealed the potential of 5g to work synergistically with rifampicin through the disruption of bacterial membranes without affecting eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Heun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme F. S. Fernandes
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyue Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Semenya
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Caleb Marsh
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Anselmi
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth D. Bruce
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Mitra S, Bhesania Hodiwala AV, Kar H. Susceptibility and Synergistic Effects of Guava Plant Extract and Antimicrobial Drugs on Escherichia coli. Cureus 2024; 16:e52345. [PMID: 38361731 PMCID: PMC10867551 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psidium guajava (guava) is a fruit plant of the Myrtaceae family. Guava roots, leaves, and fruits have traditionally been used to prevent and treat various infections. In the last few decades, there has been exponential growth in herbal medicine. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the susceptibility and synergistic properties of the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous leaf extract of guava and other antimicrobial drugs against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methodology A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India, involving 180 urine samples collected from patients who exhibited symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim was to evaluate in vitro synergism between leaf extracts of guava and antimicrobial drugs on uropathogenic E. coli, using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the Kirby-Bauer method. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to determine the synergistic activity using Muller-Hinton agar (MHA), and the zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Results The study found that, of the 180 urine samples collected from patients with UTI, significant growth was observed in 93 samples, with the most notable increase seen in E. coli. The antibiotics tobramycin, ofloxacin, and amikacin, each showing a sensitivity of 76% and 70% respectively, were found to be the most sensitive. Conversely, cefuroxime and cephalothin, both at 76%, were the most resistant. Furthermore, the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli without guava extract demonstrated tobramycin (TOB) at 76.66%, followed by ofloxacin (OF) and amikacin (AK) at 70% each, levofloxacin (LE) at 63.33%, nitrofurantoin (NIT) at 53.33%, trimethoprim (TR) at 43.33%, cefotaxime (CTX) at 36.66%, ceftizoxime (CZX) at 30%, norfloxacin (NR) at 26.66%, cephalothin (CEP) at 23.33%, amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) at 20%, and cefuroxime (CXM) at 10%. In contrast, when the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli with guava extract was examined, the highest sensitivity was noted for OF (100%), followed by LE (96.66%), TOB (93.33%), AK (90%), NIT (76.66%), AMC and TR (66.66% each), CTX (60%), CZX (53.33%), CEP (50%), NX (43.33%), and CXM (26.66%). Therefore, Psidium guajava (guava) extract exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with antibiotics, most notably with ofloxacin. Conclusion The study revealed that the highest synergistic activity of guava plant leaf extract was with the antibiotic ofloxacin. This finding indicates that guava extract enhances the effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics for treating UTI, an effect mainly attributed to the flavonoid compounds and their derivatives in the guava leaf extract, which inhibit bacterial growth. This study demonstrated the antibacterial properties of guava, suggesting that combining antibiotics with guava extract can help delay the emergence of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, MGM (Mahatma Gandhi Mission) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | | | - Harapriya Kar
- Department of Microbiology, MGM (Mahatma Gandhi Mission) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
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Stabile M, Esposito A, Iula VD, Guaragna A, De Gregorio E. PYED-1 Overcomes Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Pathogens 2023; 12:1323. [PMID: 38003788 PMCID: PMC10674209 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become more and more widespread over the recent decades, becoming a major global health problem and causing colistin to be increasingly used as an antibiotic of last resort. Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen that has rapidly evolved into a superbug exhibiting multidrug-resistant phenotypes, is responsible for a large number of hospital infection outbreaks. With the intensive use of colistin, A. baumannii resistance to colistin has been found to increase significantly. In previous work, we identified a deflazacort derivative, PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16,17-epoxy-3,20-dione-1), which exhibits either direct-acting or synergistic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative species and Candida spp., including A. baumannii. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of PYED-1 in combination with colistin against both A. baumannii planktonic and sessile cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of PYED-1 with and without colistin was assessed. Our results show that PYED-1 and colistin can act synergistically to produce a strong antimicrobial effect against multidrug-resistant populations of A. baumannii. Interestingly, our data reveal that PYED-1 is able to restore the efficacy of colistin against all colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates. This drug combination could achieve a much stronger antimicrobial effect than colistin while using a much smaller dosage of the drugs, additionally eliminating the toxicity and resistance issues associated with the use of colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stabile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vita Dora Iula
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, U.O.C Patologia Clinica, Ospedale del Mare—ASL Napoli1 Centro, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Vargas-Casanova Y, Bravo-Chaucanés CP, Martínez AXH, Costa GM, Contreras-Herrera JL, Medina RF, Rivera-Monroy ZJ, García-Castañeda JE, Parra-Giraldo CM. Combining the Peptide RWQWRWQWR and an Ethanolic Extract of Bidens pilosa Enhances the Activity against Sensitive and Resistant Candida albicans and C. auris Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:817. [PMID: 37623588 PMCID: PMC10455339 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of palindromic peptide RWQWRWQWR and its derivatives was evaluated against clinical isolates of Candida albicans and C. auris. Also, Bidens pilosa ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem were evaluated. Furthermore, combinations of peptide, extract, and/or fluconazole (FLC) were evaluated. The cytotoxicity of peptides and extracts in erythrocytes and fibroblasts was determined. The original palindromic peptide, some derivative peptides, and the ethanolic extract of leaves of B. pilosa exhibited the highest activity in some of the strains evaluated. Synergy was obtained between the peptide and the FLC against C. auris 435. The combination of the extract and the original palindromic peptide against C. albicans SC5314, C. auris 435, and C. auris 537 decreased the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by a factor of between 4 and 16. These mixtures induced changes in cell morphology, such as deformations on the cell surface. The results suggest that the combination of RWQWRWQWR and B. pilosa extract is an alternative for enhancing antifungal activity and decreasing cytotoxicity and costs and should be considered to be a promising strategy for treating diseases caused by Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerly Vargas-Casanova
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Y.V.-C.); (C.P.B.-C.)
| | | | | | - Geison Modesti Costa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.X.H.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | | | - Ricardo Fierro Medina
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional of Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (R.F.M.); (Z.J.R.-M.); (J.E.G.-C.)
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera-Monroy
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional of Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (R.F.M.); (Z.J.R.-M.); (J.E.G.-C.)
| | | | - Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Y.V.-C.); (C.P.B.-C.)
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Katta C, Shaikh AS, Bhale N, Jyothi VGSS, Kaki VR, Dikundwar AG, Singh PK, Shukla R, Mishra K, Madan J. Naringenin-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Amalgamated Gel for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:126. [PMID: 37226032 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research was aimed to synthesize a phytomolecule, naringenin (NRG)-mediated silver nanoparticles (NRG-SNPs) to study their antifungal potential against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida glabrata (C. glabrata). The NRG-SNPs were synthesized by using NRG as a reducing agent. The synthesis of NRG-SNPs was confirmed by a color change and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 425 nm. Furthermore, the NRG-SNPs were analyzed for size, PDI, and zeta potential, which were found to be 35 ± 0.21 nm, 0.19 ± 0.03, and 17.73 ± 0.92 mV, respectively. In silico results demonstrated that NRG had a strong affinity towards the sterol 14α-demethylase. The docking with ceramide revealed the skin permeation efficiency of the NRG-SNPs. Next, the NRG-SNPs were loaded into the topical dermal dosage form (NRG-SNPs-TDDF) by formulating a gel using Carbopol Ultrez 10 NF. The MIC50 of NRG solution and TSC-SNPs against C. albicans was found to be 50 µg/mL and 4.8 µg/mL, respectively, significantly (P < 0.05) higher than 0.3625 µg/mL of NRG-SNPs-TDDF. Correspondingly, MIC50 results were calculated against C. glabrata and the results of NRG, TSC-SNPs, NRG-SNPs-TDDF, and miconazole nitrate were found to be 50 µg/mL, 9.6 µg/mL, 0.3625 µg/mL, and 3-µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, MIC50 of NRG-SNPs-TDDF was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than MIC50 of miconazole nitrate against C. glabrata. The FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) value against both the C. albicans and C. glabrata was found to be 0.016 and 0.011, respectively, which indicated the synergistic antifungal activity of NRG-SNPs-TDDF. Thus, NRG-SNPs-TDDF warrants further in depth in vivo study under a set of stringent parameters for translating in to a clinically viable antifungal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantibabu Katta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arbaz Sujat Shaikh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vaskuri G S Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Krishnaveni Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Boattini M, Comini S, Bianco G, Iannaccone M, Casale R, Cavallo R, Costa C. Activity of cefiderocol and synergy of novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor-based combinations against metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli: insights from a two-year study (2019-2020). J Chemother 2023; 35:198-204. [PMID: 35731718 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2090615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at analyzing the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (MBL-GNB) and evaluating both in vitro activity of cefiderocol and synergy of novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor-based combinations. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and meropenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa clinical strains were collected (2019-2020) and prevalence of MBL-producers investigated. Activity of cefiderocol was evaluated and synergistic effects of cefiderocol in combination with ceftazidime/avibactam vs aztreonam plus ceftazidime/avibactam vs meropenem/vaborbactam plus aztreonam were compared. Among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, 87% (n = 307) produced KPC, 11.6% (n = 41) produced MBL, and 1.4% (n = 5) produced OXA-48-like. Among MBL-producing Enterobacterales, 78.1% (n = 32) and 21.9% (n = 9) were VIM- and NDM-producers, respectively. Among meropenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa, 1.9% (n = 8) produced VIM-type MBL. Cefiderocol resistance rate in VIM-producing Enterobacterales, VIM-producing P. aeruginosa, and NDM-producing Enterobacterales, was 6.2%, 12.5%, and 88.9%, respectively. Among MBL-producers tested, cefiderocol in combination with ceftazidime/avibactam showed a synergy rate of 20%, while for both aztreonam plus ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam plus aztreonam was 40%. Prevalence of MBL-producing Enterobacterales was remarkable. VIM-producing isolates were almost all susceptible to cefiderocol, while NDM-producers were often resistant. Meropenem/vaborbactam in combination with aztreonam showed similar synergistic activity to ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam but the addition of aztreonam reduced MICs below the resistance breakpoint only for meropenem/vaborbactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Boattini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Comini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Iannaccone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Casale
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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10
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Dąbrowska M, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Kwiatkowski P, Guenther S, Łopusiewicz Ł, Kochan E, Pruss A, Sienkiewicz M. Improved efficacy of eugenol and trans-anethole in combination with octenidine dihydrochloride against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Ann Agric Environ Med 2023; 30:204-210. [PMID: 36999876 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/157995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeasts from the Ogenus Candida. Considering increasing antifungal resistance rates the activity was analyzed of natural compounds to eradicate Candida spp. The aim of the study was to check the antifungal activity of selected essential oil compounds (EOCs; thymol, menthol, eugenol [E], carvacrol, trans-anethole [TA]) alone, and in combination with octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis reference, and clinical strains. MATERIAL AND METHODS Investigated clinical isolates were obtained from skin wounds of patients treated for superficial wounds candidiasis. The following parameters were studied: antifungal susceptibility testing using the VITEK system, antifungal activity of EOCs alone and in combination with OCT using microdilution and checkerboard assays, antifungal efficacy of selected chemicals using time-kill curve assay, and changes in cell permeability in the presence of selected chemicals using crystal violet assay. RESULTS Clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. The highest inhibition activity against Candida isolates was observed for E. The OCT - TA and OCT - E combinations showed synergistic and additive activities against all strains, respectively. These combinations also appeared to affect the rate of yeast cell killing and increasing the permeability of Candida cells. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that E and TA potentially used in formulation with OCT might eradicate pathogenic yeasts; however, microbiological and clinical studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dąbrowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation; Medical University, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology; Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Pharmaceutical Biology; Institute of Pharmacy; University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Centre of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials; Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kochan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department; Medical University, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Pruss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
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11
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Huang Y, Liu C, You L, Li X, Chen G, Fan J. Synergistic effect of PARP inhibitor and BRD4 inhibitor in multiple models of ovarian cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:634-649. [PMID: 36753396 PMCID: PMC9983312 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest facility rate among gynaecological tumours. Current therapies including PARP inhibitors have a defect that ovarian tumour is easy to recurrent and become resistant to therapy. To solve this problem, we found that BRD4 inhibitor AZD5153 and PARP inhibitor olaparib had a widespread synergistic effect in multiple models with different gene backgrounds. AZD5153 sensitizes cells to olaparib and reverses the acquired resistance by down-regulating PTEN expression levels to destabilize hereditary materials. In this study, we used the following multiple ovarian cancer models PDX, PDO and 3D/2D cell lines to elucidate the co-effect of AZD5153 and olaparib in vivo and in vitro. The similar results of these models further proved that the mechanism identified was consistent with the biological process occurring in ovarian cancer patients after drug treatment. This consistency between the results of different models suggests the possibility of translating these laboratory research findings into clinical studies towards developing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lixin You
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Junpeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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12
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Mantzana P, Protonotariou E, Kassomenaki A, Meletis G, Tychala A, Keskilidou E, Arhonti M, Katsanou C, Daviti A, Vasilaki O, Kagkalou G, Skoura L. In Vitro Synergistic Activity of Antimicrobial Combinations against Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010093. [PMID: 36671295 PMCID: PMC9855173 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are commonly used as the last resort for the treatment of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections; however, apart from the already known toxicity issues, resistance to these agents is emerging. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro synergistic activity of antimicrobial combinations against carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in an effort to provide more options for their treatment. Two hundred A. baumannii and one hundred and six K. pneumoniae single clinical isolates with resistance to carbapenems and colistin, recovered between 1 January 2021 and 31 July 2022,were included. A. baumannii were tested by the MIC test strip fixed-ratio method for combinations of colistin with either meropenem or rifampicin or daptomycin. K. pneumoniae were tested for the combinations of colistin with meropenem and ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam. Synergy was observed at: 98.99% for colistin and meropenem against A. baumannii; 91.52% for colistin and rifampicin; and 100% for colistin and daptomycin. Synergy was also observed at: 73.56% for colistin and meropenem against K. pneumoniae and; and 93% for ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam. The tested antimicrobial combinations presented high synergy rates, rendering them valuable options against A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae infections.
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13
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Alqahtani A, Marrez DA, Aleraky M, Fagir NA, Alqahtani O, Othman S, El Raey MA, Attia HG. Characterization and Isolation of the Major Biologically Active Metabolites Isolated from Ficus retusa and Their Synergistic Effect with Tetracycline against Certain Pathogenic-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121473. [PMID: 36558923 PMCID: PMC9781782 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, pathogenic microbes have reached a worrisome level of antibiotic resistance. Our work aims to identify and isolate the active components from the bioactive Ficus retusa bark extract and assess the potential synergistic activity of the most major compounds' constituents with the antibiotic tetracycline against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. The phytochemical screening of an acetone extract of F. retusa bark using column chromatography led to the identification of 10 phenolic components. The synergistic interaction of catechin and chlorogenic acid as the most major compounds with tetracycline was evaluated by checkerboard assay followed by time-kill assay, against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella typhi with fraction inhibitory concentration index values (FICI) of 0.38, 0.43, 0.38, 0.38, 0.38, and 0.75 for catechin and 0.38, 0.65, 0.38, 0.63, 0.38, and 0.75 for chlorogenic acid. The combination of catechin and chlorogenic acid with tetracycline significantly enhanced antibacterial action against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms; therefore, catechin and chlorogenic acid combinations with tetracycline could be employed as innovative and safe antibiotics to combat microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Alqahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa A. Marrez
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aleraky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Fagir
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaish Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Othman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6th of October University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (M.A.E.R.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (M.A.E.R.); (H.G.A.)
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14
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Shafiq M, Yao F, Bilal H, Rahman SU, Zeng M, Ali I, Zeng Y, Li X, Yuan Y, Jiao X. Synergistic Activity of Tetrandrine and Colistin against mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1346. [PMID: 36290004 PMCID: PMC9598752 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance, colistin was once considered the last drug of choice for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Currently, researchers are relentlessly exploring possible alternative therapies that could efficiently curb the spread of drug resistance. In this study, we aim to investigate the synergistic antibacterial activity of tetrandrine in combination with colistin against mcr-1-harboring Escherichia coli. We examined the antibacterial activity of tetrandrine in combination with colistin in vivo and in vitro and examined the bacterial cells by fluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to explore their underlying mechanism of action. We further performed a computational analysis of MCR-1 protein and tetrandrine to determine the interaction interface of these two molecules. We confirmed that neither colistin nor tetrandrine could, on their own, inhibit the growth of mcr-1-positive E. coli. However, in combination, tetrandrine synergistically enhanced colistin activity to inhibit the growth of E. coli both in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, molecular docking showed that tetrandrine interacted with the three crucial amino acids of the MCR-1 protein in the active site, which might inhibit MCR-1 from binding to its substrates, cause MCR-1 to lose its ability to confer resistance. This study confirmed that tetrandrine and colistin have the ability to synergistically overcome the issue of colistin resistance in mcr-1-harboring E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ilyas Ali
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuebin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yumeng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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15
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Joaquim AR, Boff RT, Adam FC, Lima-Morales D, Cesare MA, Kaminski TF, Teixeira ML, Fuentefria AM, Andrade SF, Martins AF. Antibacterial and synergistic activity of a new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:425-436. [PMID: 35289685 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial and synergistic effect of a new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative (PH176) against MRSA. Materials & methods: PH176 activity was determined by broth microdilution against 38 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. The antibacterial and synergistic effects with oxacillin and nitroxoline were evaluated by time-kill assays to five MRSA isolates. Toxicity was evaluated by in vitro and ex vivo models. Results: The MIC50 and MIC90 of PH176 were 16 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. The PH176 and nitroxoline led to a reduction in colony count for four isolates and the combination of PH176 and oxacillin acted synergically for three isolates. Furthermore, PH176 was determined to be noncytotoxic/nonirritant. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that PH176 has revealed promising results to be a potential candidate to treat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica R Joaquim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Roberta T Boff
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Franciele C Adam
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Daiana Lima-Morales
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Maycon A Cesare
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Taís Fa Kaminski
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Mário L Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia, Concórdia, 89703-720, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Saulo F Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Andreza F Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
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16
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Bollareddy SR, Krishna V, Roy G, Dasari D, Dhar A, Venuganti VVK. Transfersome Hydrogel Containing 5-Fluorouracil and Etodolac Combination for Synergistic Oral Cancer Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:70. [PMID: 35132496 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies with an increased rate of incidence. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is an effective chemotherapeutic indicated for oral cancer treatment. Etodolac (Et), a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, can be used as an adjuvant agent to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize 5FU and Et dual drug-loaded transfersomes to treat oral cancer. Transfersomes were prepared by thin-film hydration method and characterized for the average particle size and zeta-potential using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The prepared transfersomes were further characterized for their drug loading, entrapment efficiencies using amicon centrifuge tubes and drug release behavior using cellulose membrane. The synergistic activity of dual drug-loaded transfersomes was studied in FaDu oral cancer cells. Results showed that the average particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were 91±6.4 nm, 0.28±0.03, and (-)46.9±9.5 mV, respectively, for 5FU- and Et (1:1)-loaded transfersomes. The highest encapsulation efficiency achieved was 36.9±3.8% and 79.8±6.4% for 5FU and Et (1:1), respectively. Growth inhibition studies in FaDu cells using different concentrations of 5FU and Et showed a combination index of 0.36, indicating a synergistic effect. The FaDu cell uptake of drug-loaded transfersomes was significantly (p<0.05) greater than that of free drugs. The transfersome hydrogel made of HPMC (2% w/w) showed similar flux, lag time, and permeation coefficient as that of drug-loaded transfersomes across excised porcine buccal tissue. In conclusion, 5FU and Et transfersome hydrogel can be developed for localized delivery to treat oral cancer.
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17
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Rima M, Trognon J, Latapie L, Chbani A, Roques C, El Garah F. Seaweed Extracts: A Promising Source of Antibiofilm Agents with Distinct Mechanisms of Action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:92. [PMID: 35200622 PMCID: PMC8877608 DOI: 10.3390/md20020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of bacteria in biofilms is one of the adaptive resistance mechanisms providing increased protection against conventional treatments. Thus, the search for new antibiofilm agents for medical purposes, especially of natural origin, is currently the object of much attention. The objective of the study presented here was to explore the potential of extracts derived from three seaweeds: the green Ulva lactuca, the brown Stypocaulon scoparium, and the red Pterocladiella capillacea, in terms of their antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. After preparation of extracts by successive maceration in various solvents, their antibiofilm activity was evaluated on biofilm formation and on mature biofilms. Their inhibition and eradication abilities were determined using two complementary methods: crystal violet staining and quantification of adherent bacteria. The effect of active extracts on biofilm morphology was also investigated by epifluorescence microscopy. Results revealed a promising antibiofilm activity of two extracts (cyclohexane and ethyl acetate) derived from the green alga by exhibiting a distinct mechanism of action, which was supported by microscopic analyses. The ethyl acetate extract was further explored for its interaction with tobramycin and colistin. Interestingly, this extract showed a promising synergistic effect with tobramycin. First analyses of the chemical composition of extracts by GC-MS allowed for the identification of several molecules. Their implication in the interesting antibiofilm activity is discussed. These findings suggest the ability of the green alga U. lactuca to offer a promising source of bioactive candidates that could have both a preventive and a curative effect in the treatment of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rima
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (J.T.); (L.L.)
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
| | - Jeanne Trognon
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (J.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Laure Latapie
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (J.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Asma Chbani
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (J.T.); (L.L.)
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima El Garah
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (J.T.); (L.L.)
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18
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Alrashidi A, Jafar M, Higgins N, Mulligan C, Varricchio C, Moseley R, Celiksoy V, Houston DMJ, Heard CM. A Time-Kill Assay Study on the Synergistic Bactericidal Activity of Pomegranate Rind Extract and Zn (II) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121889. [PMID: 34944534 PMCID: PMC8699308 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new antimicrobial systems due to increased global resistance to current antimicrobials. Pomegranate rind extract (PRE) and Zn (II) ions both possess a level of antimicrobial activity and work has previously shown that PRE/Zn (II) in combination possesses synergistic activity against Herpes simplex virus and Micrococcus luteus. Here, we determined whether such synergistic activity extended to other, more pathogenic, bacteria. Reference strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cultured and subjected to challenge by PRE, Zn (II), or PRE + Zn (II), in time-kill assays. Data were obtained independently by two researchers using different PRE preparations. Statistically significant synergistic activity for PRE + Zn (II) was shown for all four bacterial strains tested compared to untreated controls, although the extent of efficacy and timescales varied. Zn (II) exerted activity and at 1 h, it was not possible to distinguish with PRE + Zn (II) combination treatment in all cases. PRE alone showed low activity against all four bacteria. Reproducible synergistic bactericidal activity involving PRE and Zn (II) has been confirmed. Potential mechanisms are discussed. The development of a therapeutic system that possesses demonstrable antimicrobial activity is supported which lends itself particularly to topical delivery applications, for example MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alrashidi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Niamh Higgins
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Ciara Mulligan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Ryan Moseley
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK;
| | - Vildan Celiksoy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK;
| | - David M. J. Houston
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Charles M. Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)2920-875819
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Sung CL, Hung WC, Lu PL, Lin L, Wang LC, Yang TY, Tseng SP. Synergistic Combination of AS101 and Azidothymidine against Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pathogens 2021; 10:1552. [PMID: 34959507 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the over usage of carbapenems, carbapenem resistance has become a vital threat worldwide, and, thus, the World Health Organization announced the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) as the critical priority for antibiotic development in 2017. In the current situation, combination therapy would be one solution against CRE. Azidothymidine (AZT), a thymidine analog, has demonstrated its synergistically antibacterial activities with other antibiotics. The unexpected antimicrobial activity of the immunomodulator ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o')tellurate (AS101) has been reported against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Here, we sought to investigate the synergistic activity between AS101 and AZT against 12 CRKP clinical isolates. According to the gene detection results, the blaOXA-1 (7/12, 58.3%), blaDHA (7/12, 58.3%), and blaKPC (7/12, 58.3%) genes were the most prevalent ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes, respectively. The checkerboard analysis demonstrated the remarkable synergism between AS101 and AZT, with the observable decrease in the MIC value for two agents and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ≤0.5 in all strains. Hence, the combination of AS101 and azidothymidine could be a potential treatment option against CRKP for drug development.
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Plaszkó T, Szűcs Z, Vasas G, Gonda S. Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates on Fungi: A Comprehensive Review on Direct Effects, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship Data and Possible Agricultural Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:539. [PMID: 34356918 PMCID: PMC8305656 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants heavily rely on chemical defense systems against a variety of stressors. The glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae and some allies are the core molecules of one of the most researched such pathways. These natural products are enzymatically converted into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and occasionally other defensive volatile organic constituents (VOCs) upon fungal challenge or tissue disruption to protect the host against the stressor. The current review provides a comprehensive insight on the effects of the isothiocyanates on fungi, including, but not limited to mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens of Brassicaceae. In the review, our current knowledge on the following topics are summarized: direct antifungal activity and the proposed mechanisms of antifungal action, QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships), synergistic activity of ITCs with other agents, effects of ITCs on soil microbial composition and allelopathic activity. A detailed insight into the possible applications is also provided: the literature of biofumigation studies, inhibition of post-harvest pathogenesis and protection of various products including grains and fruits is also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Plaszkó
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.P.); (Z.S.); (G.V.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szűcs
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.P.); (Z.S.); (G.V.)
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.P.); (Z.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.P.); (Z.S.); (G.V.)
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21
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Kafa AHT, Aslan R, Celik C, Hasbek M. Antimicrobial synergism and antibiofilm activities of Pelargonium graveolens, Rosemary officinalis, and Mentha piperita essential oils against extreme drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:95-104. [PMID: 34142518 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosemary officinalis L., Pelargonium graveolens L., and Mentha piperita L., essential oils are used by complementary medicine specialists simultaneously with traditional antibiotics for treatment purposes. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oils were tested against extreme drug-resistant (XDR) colistin-resistant and colistin susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains. The synergistic activities between essential oils and colistin antibiotics were investigated by the checkerboard method. The highest antibacterial effect was detected in mint essential oil (2.5-5 μl/ml), followed by pelargonium essential oil (5-20 μl/ml) and rosemary essential oil (5-20 μl/ml). The combination of rosemary essential oil or pelargonium essential oil with colistin showed strong synergistic activity in most of the bacterial strains tested (fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤ 0.5; synergy). As a result of the combination of mint essential oil and colistin, an indifferent effect was observed in only two bacterial strains, and other strains could not be evaluated. No antagonistic effects were observed in any of the tested essential oils. As a result of the effectiveness of the combination, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of colistin in XDR-A. baumannii clinical isolates decreased 2-32 fold. Additionally, the sub-MIC concentration of essential oils exhibited an inhibitory effect (48-90%) against the biofilm layer of tested A. baumannii strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Humeyra Taskin Kafa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Aslan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Cem Celik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mursit Hasbek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
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22
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Kumarihamy M, Tripathi SK, Khan S, Muhammad I. Schottiin, a new prenylated isoflavones from Psorothamnus schottii and antibacterial synergism studies between methicillin and fremontone against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1708. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2984-2992. [PMID: 34121536 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1937157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactivity guided isolation of an ethanol extract of the root of Psoromanthus schottii (Family Fabaceae) afforded a new prenylated isoflavone, named schottiin (5,7,5'-trihydroxy-4'-O-methyl-6'-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-isoflavone) (1), together with four other isoflavones, including fremontone (2), 5,7,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-2'-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-isoflavone (3), glycyrrhisoflavone (4) and fremontin (5), of which 3 and 4 identified as isomeric mixture. Structures of 1-5 were determined by full spectroscopic analyses. A comprehensive 2 D NMR spectral data has allowed revising the structure of fremontone as 2 from previously reported 2 A. Compound 2 showed weak in-vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A combination study using a checkerboard assay between fremontone (2) and methicillin exhibited a synergistic activity with 8-fold decrease in MIC of methicillin, as well as an additive effect with vancomycin against MRSA ATCC 1708. Compounds 1 and 2 also showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and -resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with no cytotoxicity to mammalian Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Kumarihamy
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Siddharth K Tripathi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Shabana Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Celiksoy V, Moses RL, Sloan AJ, Moseley R, Heard CM. Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Pomegranate Rind Extract and Zinc (II) against Micrococcus luteus under Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:851. [PMID: 34201223 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by microbial biofilms are a major clinical problem, and new antimicrobial agents that can inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate pre-formed biofilms are urgently needed. Pomegranate extracts are a well-established folkloric medicine and have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases since ancient times, whilst the addition of metal ions, including zinc (II), has enhanced the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate. Micrococcus luteus is generally a non-pathogenic skin commensal bacterium, although it can act as an opportunistic pathogen and cause serious infections, particularly involving catheterization and comorbidities. The aims of this study were to evaluate the holistic activity of pomegranate rind extract (PRE), Zn (II), and PRE/Zn (II) individually and in combination against M. luteus under both planktonic and biofilm conditions. Antimicrobial activity was detected in vitro using the broth dilution method, and synergistic activity was determined using checkerboard and time-kill assays. Effects on biofilm formation and eradication were determined by crystal violet and BacLightTM Live/Dead staining. PRE and Zn (II) exerted antimicrobial activity against M. luteus under both planktonic and biofilm conditions. After 4 h, potent synergistic bactericidal activity was also found when PRE and Zn (II) were co-administered under planktonic conditions (log reductions: PRE 1.83 ± 0.24, Zn (II) 3.4 ± 0.08, and PRE/Zn (II) 6.88 ± 1.02; p < 0.0001). In addition, greater heterogeneity was induced in the structure of M. luteus biofilm using the PRE/Zn (II) combination compared to when PRE and Zn (II) were applied individually. The activity of PRE and the PRE/Zn (II) combination could offer a novel antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of disease-associated infections caused by M. luteus and potentially other bacteria.
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Tapalski DV, Timoshkova EV, Petrovskaya TA, Osipkina OV, Karpov IA. Microbiological efficiency of the combinations of two carbapenems against antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:304-309. [PMID: 34047517 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-5-304-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Combined antibiotic therapy is widely used for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. The objective of this work was to identify the synergistic activity of combinations of two carbapenems against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains producing various types of carbapenemases. For 60 antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae strains isolated in 8 cities of Belarus, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin and carbapenems were determined by subsequent broth microdilution method, and the genes of carbapenemases and phosphoethanolamine transferases were detected. The checkerboard method was used to determine the sensitivity to the combination of ertapenem and doripenem. High MIC values of carbapenems were revealed for NDM carbapenemase-producing strains (MIC50 of meropenem 64 mg/L, MIC50 of doripenem 64 mg/L). Doripenem was more active; MIC of doripenem ≤ 16 mg/L (low level of resistance) was determined in 28 (46.7%) strains, MIC of meropenem ≤ 16 mg/L - in 8 (13.3% of strains). The effect of potentiating the activity of doripenem with ertapenem at a fixed pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic concentration was observed for 20.0% of the strains producing KPC carbapenemase and 29.0% of the strains producing OXA-48 carbapenemase. The potentiating effect was independent of the presence of colistin resistance. Thus, the ability of ertapenem to potentiate the antimicrobial activity of doripenem and meropenem against some of the strains producing serine carbapenemases (KPC and OXA-48) was confirmed. The necessity of routine determination of the true MIC values of carbapenems was shown to optimize their dosage regimens and select the combination antibiotic therapy regimens.
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Ahmed Q, Agarwal M, Al-Obaidi R, Wang P, Ren Y. Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Molecules 2021; 26:3055. [PMID: 34065463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from black pepper, eucalyptus, rosemary, and tea tree and their binary combinations were investigated against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Aphididae: Hemiptera), under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. All the tested essential oils significantly reduced and controlled the green peach aphid population and caused higher mortality. In this study, black pepper and tea tree pure essential oils were found to be an effective insecticide, with 80% mortality when used through contact application. However, for combinations of essential oils from black pepper + tea tree (BT) and rosemary + tea tree (RT) tested as contact treatment, the mortality was 98.33%. The essential oil combinations exhibited synergistic and additive interactions for insecticidal activities. The combination of black pepper + tea tree, eucalyptus + tea tree (ET), and tea tree + rosemary showed enhanced activity, with synergy rates of 3.24, 2.65, and 2.74, respectively. Essential oils formulation was effective on the mortality of aphids. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that stability of a mixture of essential oils was not affected by store temperature (15, 25, and 35 °C) and the functional groups were not changed during storage. Based on our results, the essential oils can be used as a commercial insecticide against M. persicae.
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Sreeharsha N, Chitrapriya N, Jang YJ, Kenchappa V. Evaluation of nanoparticle drug-delivery systems used in preclinical studies. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:325-36. [PMID: 33759568 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles have been identified as a promising drug-delivery system for sustainable drug release. The structural and size tunability and disease-targeting ability of nanoparticles have made them more suitable for multiple drug loading and delivery, thereby enhancing therapeutic results through synergistic effects. Nanoparticulate carriers with specific features such as target specificity and stimuli-responsiveness enable selective drug delivery with lower potential side effects. In this review we have classified the recently published articles on polymeric and inorganic nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery into three different categories based on functionality and discussed their efficiency for drug delivery and their therapeutic outcomes in preclinical models. Most of the drug-loaded nanodelivery systems discussed have demonstrated negligible or very low systemic toxicity throughout the experimental period in animal models compared with free drug administration. In addition, some challenges associated with the translation of nanoparticle-based drug carrier responses to clinical application are highlighted.
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27
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Dąbrowska M, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Kwiatkowski P, Łopusiewicz Ł, Pruss A, Kostek M, Kochan E, Sienkiewicz M. Inhibitory Effect of Eugenol and trans-Anethole Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Medicines on Candida albicans Clinical Isolates. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000843. [PMID: 33711200 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common pathogens among yeasts is Candida albicans, which presents a serious health threat. The study aimed to check the antifungal properties of trans-anethole and eugenol with selected antifungal medicines (AMs) against C. albicans clinical isolates. The checkerboard method was used to tests of interactions between these compounds. Achieved results indicated that eugenol showed synergistic and additive activities with miconazole and econazole against investigated clinical isolates, respectively. Moreover, the combination - trans-anethole - miconazole also showed an additive effect against two clinical isolate. We tried to relate the results to changes in C. albicans cell sheaths under the influence of essential oils compounds (EOCs) performing the Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis to confirm the presence of particular chemical moieties in C. albicans cells. Nevertheless, no strong relationships was observed between synergistic and additive actions of used EOC-AMs combinations and chemical moieties in C. albicans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dąbrowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Pruss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kostek
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kochan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151, Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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28
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Galal AMF, Mohamed HS, Abdel-Aziz MM, Hanna AG. Development, synthesis, and biological evaluation of sulfonyl-α-l-amino acids as potential anti-Helicobacter pylori and IMPDH inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000385. [PMID: 33576040 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes a crucial step in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA, and it has been exploited as a promising target for antimicrobial therapy. The present study discusses the development and synthesis of a series of sulfonyl-α-l-amino acids coupled with the anisamide scaffold and evaluates their activities as anti-Helicobacter pylori and IMPDH inhibitors. Twenty derivatives were synthesized and their structures were established by high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Four compounds (6, 10, 11, and 21) were found to be the most potent and selective molecules in the series with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <17 µM, which were selected to test their inhibitory activities against HpIMPDH and human (h)IMPDH2 enzymes. In all tests, amoxicillin and clarithromycin were used as reference drugs. Compounds 6 and 10 were found to have a promising activity against the HpIMPDH enzyme, with IC50 = 2.42 and 2.56 µM, respectively. Moreover, the four compounds were found to be less active and safer against hIMPDH2 than the reference drugs, with IC50 > 17.17 µM, which makes sure that their selectivity is toward HpIMPDH and reverse to that of amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Also, the synergistic antibacterial activity of compounds 6, 10, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin was investigated in vitro. The combination of amoxicillin/compound 6 (2:1 by weight) exhibited a significant antibacterial activity against H. pylori, with MIC = 0.12 µg/ml. The molecular docking study and ADMET analysis of the most active compounds were used to elucidate the mode-of-action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin M F Galal
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Mohamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Atef G Hanna
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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29
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Kim HR, Eom YB. Synergistic Activity of Equol and Meropenem against Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:161. [PMID: 33562526 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) seriously limits treatment options for bacterial infections. Combined drugs are an effective strategy to treat these resistant strains. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of equol and meropenem against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. First, this study investigated the antibacterial activity of carbapenems on clinically isolated E. coli strains by analyzing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The E. coli strains were all resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. Therefore, we confirmed the cause of carbapenem resistance by detecting blaKPC and blaOXA-48 among the carbapenemase genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Checkerboard and time-kill analyses confirmed that equol restored the susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant E. coli to meropenem. Also, the transcription levels of specific carbapenemase genes in E. coli were significantly suppressed by equol. The study also evaluated the anti-virulence effects of equol on bacterial biofilm and motility through phenotypic and genotypic analyses. In conclusion, our results revealed that equol had a synergistic effect with meropenem on carbapenem-resistant E. coli. Therefore, this study suggests that equol is a promising antibiotic adjuvant that prevents the expression of carbapenemases and virulence factors in carbapenem-resistant E. coli.
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30
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Aljaafari MN, AlAli AO, Baqais L, Alqubaisy M, AlAli M, Molouki A, Ong-Abdullah J, Abushelaibi A, Lai KS, Lim SHE. An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of Essential Oils. Molecules 2021; 26:628. [PMID: 33530290 PMCID: PMC7866131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has urged researchers to explore therapeutic alternatives, one of which includes the use of natural plant products such as essential oils (EO). In fact, EO obtained from clove, oregano, thymus, cinnamon bark, rosemary, eucalyptus, and lavender have been shown to present significant inhibitory effects on bacteria, fungi, and viruses; many studies have been done to measure EO efficacy against microorganisms. The strategy of combinatory effects via conventional and non-conventional methods revealed that the combined effects of EO-EO or EO-antibiotic exhibit enhanced efficacy. This paper aims to review the antimicrobial effects of EO, modes of EO action (membrane disruption, efflux inhibition, increase membrane permeability, and decrease in intracellular ATP), and their compounds' potential as effective agents against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It is hoped that the integration of EO applications in this work can be used to consider EO for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Nasser Aljaafari
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Asma Obaid AlAli
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Laila Baqais
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Maream Alqubaisy
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Mudhi AlAli
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31585-854, Iran;
| | - Janna Ong-Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia;
| | | | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Swee-Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
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Tacchini M, Echeverria Guevara MP, Grandini A, Maresca I, Radice M, Angiolella L, Guerrini A. Ocimum campechianum Mill. from Amazonian Ecuador: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Extracts and Their Main Constituents (Eugenol and Rosmarinic Acid). Molecules 2020; 26:E84. [PMID: 33375454 PMCID: PMC7796418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil (EO), the methanolic (MeOH), and the 70% ethanolic (70% EtOH) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Ecuador) were chemically characterized through gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array-mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS) and studied for their in vitro biological activity. The radical scavenger activity, performed by spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, highlighted significant IC50 values for the EO, extracts and their main constituents (eugenol and rosmarinic acid). EO (and eugenol) showed noteworthy activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and a moderate effect against clinical Candida strains, with possible synergism in association to fluconazole against the latter microorganisms. The extracts and pure molecules exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against the HaCat cell line and no mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, giving indication of safety. Instead, EO showed a weak activity against adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549). The above-mentioned evidence leads us to suggest a potential use of the crude drug, extracts, and EO in cosmetic formulation and food supplements as antioxidant agents. In addition, EO may also have a possible application in plant protection and anti-Candida formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Tacchini
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Technopole Terra&Acqua Tech (Research Unit 7), Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, P.le Luciano Chiappini 3, Malborghetto di Boara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | | | - Alessandro Grandini
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Technopole Terra&Acqua Tech (Research Unit 7), Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, P.le Luciano Chiappini 3, Malborghetto di Boara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Immacolata Maresca
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Technopole Terra&Acqua Tech (Research Unit 7), Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, P.le Luciano Chiappini 3, Malborghetto di Boara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Matteo Radice
- Department of Earth Science, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo 160106, Ecuador; (M.P.E.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Letizia Angiolella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Guerrini
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Technopole Terra&Acqua Tech (Research Unit 7), Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, P.le Luciano Chiappini 3, Malborghetto di Boara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (A.G.); (I.M.)
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Pinto L, Bonifacio MA, De Giglio E, Cometa S, Logrieco AF, Baruzzi F. Unravelling the Antifungal Effect of Red Thyme Oil ( Thymus vulgaris L.) Compounds in Vapor Phase. Molecules 2020; 25:E4761. [PMID: 33081360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity in vapor phase of thymol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene, the red thyme essential oil compounds (RTOCs). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of RTOCs was determined against postharvest spoilage fungi of the genera Botrytis, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Monilinia, by measuring the reduction of the fungal biomass after exposure for 72 h at 25 °C. Thymol showed the lowest MIC (7.0 µg/L), followed by γ-terpinene (28.4 µg/L) and p-cymene (40.0 µg/L). In the case of P. digitatum ITEM 9569, resistant to commercial RTO, a better evaluation of interactions among RTOCs was performed using the checkerboard assay and the calculation of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI). During incubation, changes in the RTOCs concentration were measured by GC-MS analysis. A synergistic effect between thymol (0.013 ± 0.003 L/L) and γ-terpinene (0.990 ± 0.030 L/L) (FICI = 0.50) in binary combinations, and between p-cymene (0.700 ± 0.010 L/L) and γ-terpinene (0.290 ± 0.010 L/L) in presence of thymol (0.008 ± 0.001 L/L) (FICI = 0.19), in ternary combinations was found. The synergistic effect against the strain P. digitatum ITEM 9569 suggests that different combinations among RTOCs could be defined to control fungal strains causing different food spoilage phenomena.
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Sharifzadeh A, Shokri H. In vitro synergy of eugenol on the antifungal effects of voriconazole against Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains isolated from the genital tract of mares. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:94-101. [PMID: 32298479 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the limited range of antifungals available to treat genital Candida infections and the emergence of resistant isolates, attention has focused on the antifungal potency of natural compounds with promising biological properties. OBJECTIVES To examine whether eugenol synergises the in vitro efficacy of voriconazole against Candida strains isolated from the genital tract of mares. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experiment. METHODS The antifungal activity of eugenol and voriconazole was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay (CLSI- M27-A3). Synergism of eugenol and voriconazole against genital Candida isolates was evaluated by the microdilution checkerboard method. RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for eugenol and voriconazole ranged from 400 to 800 µg/mL and 1 to 8 µg/mL, respectively, for C. tropicalis isolates, and from 200 to 400 µg/mL for eugenol and 2 to 16 µg/mL for voriconazole against C. krusei isolates. Eugenol decreased the arithmetic mean MIC for voriconazole against C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates from 2.66 to 0.46 µg/mL and 7.77 to 0.41 µg/mL respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values for the eugenol-voriconazole combination ranged from 0.25 to 0.88 and 0.19 to 0.63 for C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates respectively. A synergistic effect of eugenol in combination with voriconazole was observed for 83.3% of C. tropicalis and 77.7% of C. krusei isolates. Antagonistic activity was not seen in any of the isolates tested. MAIN LIMITATIONS Since in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests are not systematic analyses, any selection bias could influence the results. In addition, in vitro susceptibility does not uniformly predict clinical success in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Eugenol showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against genital Candida isolates and, in combination, synergised the antifungal effects of voriconazole. The eugenol-voriconazole combination can lay the foundation for a therapeutic approach against isolates in which azole resistance has increased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghil Sharifzadeh
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Shokri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Šimunović K, Bucar F, Klančnik A, Pompei F, Paparella A, Smole Možina S. In Vitro Effect of the Common Culinary Herb Winter Savory ( Satureja montana) against the Infamous Food Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Foods 2020; 9:E537. [PMID: 32344626 PMCID: PMC7230815 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The culinary herb Satureja montana, known as winter savory, is an ingredient of traditional dishes known in different parts of the world. As an ingredient of foods it has the potential to improve their safety. In this study, the herb's activity was investigated against Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of the most prevalent bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The ethanolic extract and essential oil of the herb were chemically characterized and six pure compounds-carvacrol, thymol, thymoquinone, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, and rosmarinic acid-were chosen for further analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract (MIC 250 mg/L) was 4-fold higher compared to the essential oil. Carvacrol, thymol and thymoquinone had the strongest antimicrobial effect (MIC 31.25 mg/L) and a strong synergistic activity between carvacrol and thymol was determined (FICi 0.2). Strong inhibitory effect on C. jejuni efflux pumps (2-fold inhibition) and disruption of membrane integrity (> 80% disruption) of the herb were determined as modes of action. For resistance against the herb, C. jejuni need efflux pumps, although increased resistance against this herb does not co-occur with increased efflux pump activity, as for antibiotics. This study shows the potential of a common culinary herb for the reduction of the food pathogen C. jejuni without increasing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Šimunović
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (A.K.); (F.P.)
| | - Franz Bucar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (A.K.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Pompei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (A.K.); (F.P.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (A.K.); (F.P.)
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Abstract
This study was designed to assess the interactions between antibiotics in combination treatments of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in association with the development of antibiotic heteroresistance. Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (STWT), ciprofloxacin (CIP)-induced S. Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (STCIP), and clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009 (STCLI) treated with antibiotic alone (cephalothin [CEP], CIP, ceftriaxone [CEF], and tobramycin [TOB]) and combination antibiotics (CEP-CIP and CEF-TOB) were used to compare the antibiotic susceptibility, resistance fitness, and cross-resistance. The susceptibilities of STWT, STCIP, and STCLI to CEP were not significant differences between CEP and CEP-CIP treatments, whereas those of STWT, STCIP, and STCLI to TOB were significant differences between TOB and CEF-TOB treatments. The interactions between CEP and CIP in the combination treatment showed mutually synergistic activities against STWT and STCLI. For the CEF-TOB combination treatments, TOB helped enhance the antibiotic activity of CEF against STWT, showing directional synergistic effect. The CEF-TOB combination treatment increased bactericidal activity against STWT, STCIP, and STCLI without causing injured cells. The combination antibiotic treatments (CEP-CIP and CEF-TOB) increased the fitness cost (relative fitness = 0.7) and decreased the cross-resistance of STWT, STCIP, and STCLI when exposed to different classes of antibiotics. This study provides new insight for designing combination antibiotic regimens that can synergistically enhance the antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella and inhibit the emergence of cross-resistance to different classes of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Dawan
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Kwiatkowski P, Łopusiewicz Ł, Kostek M, Drozłowska E, Pruss A, Wojciuk B, Sienkiewicz M, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Dołęgowska B. The Antibacterial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil Alone and In Combination with Octenidine Dihydrochloride against MRSA Strains. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010095. [PMID: 31888005 PMCID: PMC6982929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-antibiotic era the issue of bacterial resistance refers not only to antibiotics themselves but also to common antiseptics like octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT). This appears as an emerging challenge in terms of preventing staphylococcal infections, which are both potentially severe and easy to transfer horizontally. Essential oils have shown synergisms both with antibiotics and antiseptics. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of lavender essential oil (LEO) on OCT efficiency towards methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). The LEO analyzed in this study increased the OCT’s susceptibility against MRSA strains. Subsequent FTIR analysis revealed cellular wall modifications in MRSA strain cultured in media supplemented with OCT or LEO/OCT. In conclusion, LEO appears to be a promising candidate for an efficient enhancer of conventional antiseptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-1659
| | - Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.Ł.); (E.D.)
| | - Mateusz Kostek
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Emilia Drozłowska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.Ł.); (E.D.)
| | - Agata Pruss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Bartosz Wojciuk
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Łódź, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (H.Z.-B.)
| | - Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Łódź, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (H.Z.-B.)
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.D.)
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Wei S, Yang Y, Tian W, Liu M, Yin S, Li J. Synergistic Activity of Fluoroquinolones Combining with Artesunate Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:81-88. [PMID: 31738637 PMCID: PMC6978754 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. Artesunate (ART) has been reported to be significantly effective in enhancing the effectiveness of various β-lactam antibiotics against MDR Escherichia coli via inhibiting the efflux pump genes. Apart from β-lactam antibiotics, there is no report regarding the potential synergistic effects of ART combining with fluoroquinolones (FQs). In this study, we investigated whether ART can enhance the antibacterial effects of FQs in vitro. The antibacterial activity of ART and antibiotics against 13 animal-derived E. coli clinical isolates was assessed for screening MDR strains. Then the synergistic activity of FQs with ART against MDR E. coli isolates was evaluated. Daunorubicin (DNR) accumulation within E. coli and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of acrA, acrB, tolC, and qnr genes were investigated. The results showed that ART did not show significant antimicrobial activity. However, a dramatically synergistic activity of ART combining with FQs was obsessed with (ΣFIC) = 0.12-0.33. ART increased the DNR accumulation and reduced acrAB-tolC mRNA expression, but enhanced the mRNA expression of qnrS and qnrB within MDR E. coli isolates. These findings suggest that ART can potentiate FQs activity which may be associated with drug accumulation by inhibiting the expression of acrAB-tolC.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiMin Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - YueFei Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - MingJiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - ShaoJie Yin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - JinGui Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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Martín I, Navarro B, Solano C, Calabuig M, Hernández-Boluda JC, Amat P, Remigia MJ, García F, Villamón E, Tormo M. Synergistic Antioncogenic Activity of Azacitidine and Curcumin in Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines and Patient Samples. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:4757-4766. [PMID: 31519576 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Azacitidine (AZA) is a hypomethylating agent used in myeloid neoplasms, however, approximately half of patients show treatment failure or relapse. This in vitro study investigated the effect of the combination of AZA with the natural compound curcumin (CUR) in increasing its efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effects of AZA plus CUR on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and differentiation in myeloid leukemic cell lines (U-937, HL-60, K-562, and OCI-AML3) and bone marrow samples of patients. RESULTS The results showed a synergy between AZA and CUR in all leukemic lines and in most leukemic samples, with a decrease in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis compared to the activity of each drug separately. In addition, AZA plus CUR showed low cytotoxicity in healthy samples. CONCLUSION A remarkable antioncogenic effect of the combination of AZA plus CUR was shown, providing a basis for future studies analyzing the clinical efficacy of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martín
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Navarro
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Solano
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Calabuig
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández-Boluda
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Amat
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Remigia
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca García
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Villamón
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Tormo
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Kwiatkowski P, Pruss A, Wojciuk B, Dołęgowska B, Wajs-Bonikowska A, Sienkiewicz M, Mężyńska M, Łopusiewicz Ł. The Influence of Essential Oil Compounds on Antibacterial Activity of Mupirocin-Susceptible and Induced Low-Level Mupirocin-Resistant MRSA Strains. Molecules 2019; 24:E3105. [PMID: 31461850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the bacterial drug resistance development, it is reasonable to investigate chemical compounds capable of preventing the spread of resistance to mupirocin (MUP), commonly used in staphylococcal eradication. The objective of the study was to verify the influence of essential oil compounds (EOCs) on the antibacterial activity of MUP against mupirocin-susceptible (MupS) and induced low-level mupirocin-resistant (MupRL) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The following parameters were examined: MRSAMupS and MRSAMupRL susceptibility to EOCs (1,8-cineole, eugenol, carvacrol, linalool, (-)-menthone, linalyl acetate, and trans-anethole), the bacterial cell size distribution, and chemical composition by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies. The MRSAMupS and MRSAMupRL strains were susceptible to all tested EOCs. 1,8-cineole and (-)-menthone showed synergistic activity against MRSAMupS in combination with mupirocin, whereas 1,8-cineole exhibited synergistic activity against MRSAMupRL as well. In-depth analysis showed that both MRSAMupS and MRSAMupRL displayed similar distributions of the bacterial cell size. The FTIR and Raman spectra of the MRSAMupS and MRSAMupRL strains showed differences in some regions. New bands in the MRSAMupRL Raman spectrum were observed. It was concluded that the use of 1,8-cineole in combination with mupirocin can increase the mupirocin activity against the MRSAMupS and MRSAMupRL strains.
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Ract P, Compain F, Robin F, Decre D, Gallah S, Podglajen I. Synergistic in vitro activity between aztreonam and amoxicillin-clavulanate against Enterobacteriaceae-producing class B and/or class D carbapenemases with or without extended-spectrum β-lactamases. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1292-1298. [PMID: 31361213 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have become a major public health concern over the last decade and treatment options are limited.Aims. We evaluated the synergistic activity of the combination of aztreonam (ATM) and clavulanate for 41 β-lactam-resistant clinical isolates harbouring class B or/and class D carbapenemases combined or not with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).Methodology. The MICs of ATM, with and without amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), were determined. Time-kill assays were performed for three representative strains.Results. The ATM-AMC combination had a synergistic effect on 34/41 (83 %) isolates. The MIC of ATM, in the presence of clavulanate, was ≤1 mg l-1 for 15/41 (37 %) isolates and ≤4 mg l-1 for 29/41 (71 %) isolates. Synergistic activity was observed for 34/37 (92 %) isolates producing ESBLs and carbapenemases, compared to 0/4 (0 %) for ESBL-negative strains. Complete or partial bactericidal activity was obtained when the MIC of the combination was 0.5 mg l-1 and 1.5 mg l-1 or 8 mg l-1, respectively.Conclusion. The combination of ATM and AMC could be an attractive unconventional treatment for infections due to carbapenemase- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Ract
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Compain
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Robin
- Centre National de Référence de la résistance aux Antibiotiques (ESBL/cephalosporinases), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Decre
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Département de Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Salah Gallah
- Département de Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Podglajen
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
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Suknasang S, Teethaisong Y, Kabkhunthod S, Mingsiritom N, Chueakwon P, Eumkeb G. Antibacterial activity of colistin is resurrected by Stephania suberosa Forman extract against colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:128-135. [PMID: 31148182 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To resurrect antibacterial efficacy of colistin (CLT), ceftazidime (CAZ) and cefotaxime (CTX), Stephania suberosa extract (SSE) was combined with these particular antibiotics to combat CLT-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC) isolates. Disc diffusion assay showed that SSE inhibited E. cloacae strains with the dose-dependent manner. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SSE against all tested strains were 2000 µg ml-1 . CREC DMST 37480 and 19719 were found to be resistant to CLT with MICs of 64 and 4 µg ml-1 , respectively, and also resistant to CAZ. These strains showed a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SSE at 8000 µg ml-1 . Checkerboard assay showed that CLT resistance was synergistically reversed by SSE against CREC DMST 37480 and 19719 with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of 0·253 and 0·265, respectively. Time-killing assay confirmed synergistic interaction by a decline in the viability combined treated group compared to an individual. CREC DMST 19719 was found to produce AmpC β-lactamase. SSE cannot resurrect CAZ in an AmpC producer. The scanning electron microscopy showed that SSE and CLT induced cell damages at different sites. GC-MS analysis identified 25 known Phyto-compounds. SSE and CLT combination could be further developed as a novel agent for treating multidrug-resistant CREC. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Resistance to colistin (CLT), an alternative agent for treating multiple drug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, is among the most serious, life-threatening issues. This study utilizes Stephania suberosa extract (SSE) to revive the antibacterial activity of colistin that has lost its antibacterial effectiveness in inhibiting E. cloacae. The findings support the development of the combined agent between SSE and colistin to conquer colistin-resistant E. cloacae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suknasang
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Y Teethaisong
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - S Kabkhunthod
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - N Mingsiritom
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - P Chueakwon
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - G Eumkeb
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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Amra K, Momin M. Formulation evaluation of ketoconazole microemulsion-loaded hydrogel with nigella oil as a penetration enhancer. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1742-1750. [PMID: 30980617 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection often infecting people with compromised immune system. Currently available treatment interventions such as physical, surgical, and chemical-based approaches are successful in treating the condition, however, are painful and nonpatient complaint. Moreover, dermal creams with antifungal agents do not penetrate nail plate as required; hence, there is a necessity of developing a novel formulation with enhanced penetration. AIMS The aim of the present research work was to develop ketoconazole microemulsion-loaded hydrogel formulation containing nigella oil as permeation enhancer for the treatment of onychomycosis. METHODS Screening of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants were done based on solubility studies followed by the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams with 2% ketoconazole. The microemulsion was characterized for globule size, zeta potential, viscosity, and thermodynamic stability. Ex-vivo studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells using porcine skin membrane. The antifungal activity of microemulsion-loaded hydrogel was evaluated using cup plate method using Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. RESULTS The optimized microemulsion had a composition of 54.97% Capryol:Nigella (2:1), 36.07% Transcutol:Propylene glycol (2:1), and 7.13% water and was later incorporated into polymeric gel base. The microemulsion-loaded hydrogel exhibited a 10 hours sustained release profile as compared to the marketed cream and an enhanced activity against marketed ketoconazole cream and compared with marketed ketoconazole formulation. CONCLUSION The thermodynamic stability, sustained drug release with greater permeation, and enhanced activity due to the presence of nigella oil in microemulsion-loaded hydrogel warrant its application as an excellent vehicle for treating fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Geladari A, Simitsopoulou M, Antachopoulos C, Roilides E. Dose-Dependent Synergistic Interactions of Colistin with Rifampin, Meropenem, and Tigecycline against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02357-18. [PMID: 30642942 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02357-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp) can cause biofilm-related bloodstream infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We investigated the bactericidal activities of colistin (CST), rifampin (RIF), meropenem (MEM), gentamicin (GEN), and tigecycline (TGC) alone and that of CST in combination with RIF, MEM, GEN, or TGC against CR-Kp mature biofilms. Twenty CR-Kp blood isolates were derived from an equal number of bloodstream infections in adult patients. Biofilm formation was assessed by staining with 0.4% crystal violet and measuring the optical density spectrophotometrically at 545 nm. Biofilm damage was measured as the percent reduction of metabolic activity by an XTT [2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt] assay. The MIC50 for biofilms was determined as the minimum concentration that caused ≥50% bacterial damage compared to that for untreated controls. Antibacterial drug interactions were analyzed by the Bliss independence model. Four of the 20 CR-Kp isolates were biofilm producers. Biofilm MIC50s of CST, RIF, MEM, GEN, and TGC for these isolates were 64, 8, >256, 128, and 8 mg/liter, respectively. Synergistic interactions were observed at 32 to 64 mg/liter of CST combined with 0.25 to 4 mg/liter of RIF, at 32 mg/liter of CST combined with 0.007 to 0.25 mg/liter of MEM, and at 16 to 32 mg/liter of CST combined with 16 to 64 mg/liter of TGC. The synergy was highest for CST plus RIF, with a mean ΔE ± standard error (SE) of 49.87% ± 9.22%, compared to 29.52% ± 4.97% for CST plus MEM (P < 0.001) and 32.44% ± 6.49% for CST plus TGC (P < 0.001). Indifferent results were exhibited by CST plus GEN. None of the combinations exhibited antagonism. These drug interaction findings, especially those for CST with RIF, may be of importance in the treatment of biofilm-related CR-Kp infections.
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Wang Z, Fang L, Zhou Z, Pacheco S, Gómez I, Song F, Soberón M, Zhang J, Bravo A. Specific binding between Bacillus thuringiensis Cry9Aa and Vip3Aa toxins synergizes their toxicity against Asiatic rice borer ( Chilo suppressalis). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11447-11458. [PMID: 29858245 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces several insecticidal proteins, such as the crystal proteins (Cry) and the vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip). In this work, we report that a specific interaction between two B. thuringiensis toxins creates insecticidal synergism and unravel the molecular basis of this interaction. When applied together, the three-domain Cry toxin Cry9Aa and the Vip Vip3Aa exhibited high insecticidal activity against an important insect pest, the Asiatic rice borer (Chilo suppressalis). We found that these two proteins bind specifically to brush border membrane vesicles of C. suppressalis and that they do not share binding sites because no binding competition was observed between them. Binding assays revealed that the Cry9Aa and Vip3Aa proteins interacted with high affinity. We mapped their specific interacting regions by analyzing binding of Cry9Aa to overlapping fragments of Vip3Aa and by analyzing binding of Vip3Aa to individual domains of Cry9Aa. Binding to peptide arrays helped narrow the binding sites to domain II loop-3 of Cry9Aa and to 428TKKMKTL434 in Vip3Aa. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that these binding regions participate in binding that directly correlates with the synergism between the two proteins. In summary, we show that the B. thuringiensis Cry9Aa and Vip3Aa toxins display potent synergy based on a specific interaction between them. Our results further our understanding of the complex synergistic activities among B. thuringiensis toxins and are highly relevant to the development of toxin combinations for effective insect control and for delaying development of insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Number 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Longfa Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Number 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zishan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Number 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sabino Pacheco
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Isabel Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Number 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Number 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
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Guo H, Zhou L, He Y, Gao C, Han L, Xu Y. Natamycin and Azithromycin Are Synergistic In Vitro against Ocular Pathogenic Aspergillus flavus Species Complex and Fusarium solani Species Complex Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e00077-18. [PMID: 29735563 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00077-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of natamycin-azithromycin combination against 60 ocular fungal isolates was tested in vitro The combination produced 100% synergistic interactions when natamycin was added to azithromycin 20, 40, and 50 μg/ml against Aspergillus flavus species complex (AFSC) isolates and to azithromycin 50 μg/ml against Fusarium solani species complex isolates. Addition of 50 μg/ml azithromycin enhanced natamycin's effect against AFSC isolates by reducing natamycin MIC90 from 64 to 0.031 μg/ml. No antagonism was observed.
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Pimchan T, Maensiri D, Eumkeb G. Synergy and mechanism of action of α-mangostin and ceftazidime against ceftazidime-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:285-291. [PMID: 28799218 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To address the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to β-lactam antibiotics, combination therapy between different antibiotic classes is increasingly used. The antibacterial activity of α-mangostin (AMT) alone or in combination with ceftazidime (CTZ) was investigated against ceftazidime-resistant A. baumannii DMST 45378 (CRAB). Initial screening showed that A. baumannii strains possessed AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBL). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all test agents were >800 μg ml-1 against CRAB. The combination of AMT/CTZ exhibited a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of <0·35 suggestive of synergy. Time-kill curves showed that the AMT/CTZ combination was significantly more efficient (P < 0·01) at reducing CRAB than the individual components. Structural analysis revealed that AMT/CTZ-treated cells exhibited increased cell volume, increased cytoplasmic and outer membrane permeability and a decrease in outer membrane peptidoglycan-associated protein (OMPG) bands. In addition, it was shown that Type IV β-lactamase was inhibited by AMT. The data suggest that AMT in combination with CTZ is synergistic and efficient against CRAB. The data also indicate that the AMT/CTZ combination may target multiple structures on the bacterial cell surface. This represents the first report of this effect on CRAB and could potentially be expanded into in vivo studies. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Significance and Impact of the Study: Acinetobacter baumannii strains cause serious infections, patient mortality, and have been reported to rise of multidrug resistance. This article represents the first report of using α-mangostin plus ceftazidime against these resistant strains and its mechanism of action. α-mangostin has no cytotoxic effects. Therefore, α-mangostin has strong potential for development as a useful, novel adjunct phytopharmaceutical to ceftazidime synergistically for the treatment of these strains. The synergy approach could potentially be a novel tool to combat the resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pimchan
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - D Maensiri
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - G Eumkeb
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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He Y, Zhou L, Gao C, Han L, Xu Y. Rifampin Enhances the Activity of Amphotericin B against Fusarium solani Species Complex and Aspergillus flavus Species Complex Isolates from Keratitis Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02069-16. [PMID: 28115342 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02069-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of amphotericin B in combination with rifampin were assessed against 95 ocular fungal isolates. The interactions between amphotericin B and rifampin at 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/ml were synergistic for 11.8%, 51.0%, 90.2%, and 94.1%, respectively, of Fusarium solani species complex isolates and for 13.6%, 45.5%, 93.2%, and 95.5%, respectively, of Aspergillus flavus species complex isolates. Antagonism was never observed for the amphotericin B-rifampin combinations.
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Sieniawska E, Swatko-Ossor M, Sawicki R, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Ginalska G. Natural Terpenes Influence the Activity of Antibiotics against Isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:108-112. [PMID: 27883995 PMCID: PMC5588368 DOI: 10.1159/000454680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to describe the influence of natural terpenes on the antimycobacterial activity of first-line tuberculostatic drugs against isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The natural terpenes used in this study were R-limonene, S-limonene, myrcene, sabinene, α-pinene, and β-elemene. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for these terpenes, as well as for combinations of terpenes with tuberculostatic antibiotics (ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampicin), were determined using a tube log2 dilution method in the range of 125-0.059 µg/mL. RESULTS S-limonene had a strong synergistic effect with all tested antibiotics (MIC decreased from 16 to 0.475 µg/mL for ethambutol, from 16 to 0.237 µg/mL for rifampicin, and from 32 to 0.475 µg/mL for isoniazid). Combinations of myrcene, R-limonene, β-elemene, and sabinene with tuberculostatic antibiotics resulted in a decreased MIC of the antibiotics (from 3.9 to 0.475 µg/mL for ethambutol, from 15 to 0.475 µg/mL for isoniazid, and from 0.475 to 0.237 µg/mL for rifampicin) while combinations of α-pinene with ethambutol and isoniazid resulted in increased MIC values (from 16 to 125 µg/mL for ethambutol, and from 32 to 125 µg/mL for isoniazid). Rifampicin had a synergistic increase in activity with all the tested compounds. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that terpenes enhance the activity of tuberculostatic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- *Elwira Sieniawska, Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, PL-20-093 Lublin (Poland), E-Mail
| | - Marta Swatko-Ossor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Sawicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Niemirowicz K, Piktel E, Wilczewska AZ, Markiewicz KH, Durnaś B, Wątek M, Puszkarz I, Wróblewska M, Niklińska W, Savage PB, Bucki R. Core-shell magnetic nanoparticles display synergistic antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus when combined with cathelicidin LL-37 or selected ceragenins. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5443-5455. [PMID: 27799768 PMCID: PMC5077129 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Core–shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are promising candidates in the development of new treatment methods against infections, including those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In this study, the bactericidal activity of human antibacterial peptide cathelicidin LL-37, synthetic ceragenins CSA-13 and CSA-131, and classical antibiotics vancomycin and colistin, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Xen 30 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen 5, was assessed alone and in combination with core–shell MNPs. Fractional inhibitory concentration index and fractional bactericidal concentration index were determined by microdilution methods. The potential of combined therapy using nanomaterials and selected antibiotics was confirmed using chemiluminescence measurements. Additionally, the ability of tested agents to prevent bacterial biofilm formation was evaluated using crystal violet staining. In most conditions, synergistic or additive effects were observed when combinations of core–shell MNPs with ceragenins or classical antibiotics were used. Our study revealed that a mixture of membrane-active agents such as LL-37 peptide or ceragenin CSA-13 with MNPs potentialized their antibacterial properties and might be considered as a method of delaying and overcoming bacterial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niemirowicz
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok
| | | | | | - Bonita Durnaś
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology of Infections, The Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
| | | | - Irena Puszkarz
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology of Infections, The Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
| | - Marta Wróblewska
- Department of Dental Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw; Department of Microbiology, Central Clinical Hospital in Warsaw, Warsaw
| | - Wiesława Niklińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok; Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology of Infections, The Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
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Kamezaki C, Nakashima A, Yamada A, Uenishi S, Ishibashi H, Shibuya N, Hama S, Hosoi S, Yamashita E, Kogure K. Synergistic antioxidative effect of astaxanthin and tocotrienol by co-encapsulated in liposomes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:100-106. [PMID: 27698536 PMCID: PMC5018571 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin and vitamin E are both effective antioxidants that are frequently used in cosmetics, as food additives, and in to prevent oxidative damage. A combination of astaxanthin and vitamin E would be expected to show an additive anntioxidative effect. In this study, liposomes co-encapsulating astaxanthin and the vitamin E derivatives α-tocopherol (α-T) or tocotrienols (T3) were prepared, and the antioxidative activity of these liposomes toward singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical was evaluated in vitro. Liposomes co-encapsulating astaxanthin and α-T showed no additive anntioxidative effect, while the actual scavenging activity of liposomes co-encapsulating astaxanthin and T3 was higher than the calculated additive activity. To clarify why this synergistic effect occurs, the most stable structure of astaxanthin in the presence of α-T or α-T3 was calculated. Only α-T3 was predicted to form hydrogen bonding with astaxanthin, and the astaxanthin polyene chain would partially interact with the α-T3 triene chain, which could explain why there was a synergistic effect between astaxanthin and T3 but not α-T. In conclusion, co-encapsulation of astaxanthin and T3 induces synergistic scavenging activity by intermolecular interactions between the two antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Kamezaki
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ami Nakashima
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Asako Yamada
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Sachiko Uenishi
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Natsumi Shibuya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Susumu Hama
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shinzo Hosoi
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamashita
- AstaReal Co., Ltd., The Front Tower Shiba Koen 12th Floor, 2-6-3 Shiba Koen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0011, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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