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Zhang Z, Kuang D, Xu X, Zhan Z, Ren H, Shi C. Dissemination of IncC plasmids in Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson recovered from seafood and human diarrheic patients in China. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110708. [PMID: 38653121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella Thompson is a prevalent foodborne pathogen and a major threat to food safety and public health. This study aims to reveal the dissemination mechanism of S. Thompson with co-resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. In this study, 181 S. Thompson isolates were obtained from a retrospective screening on 2118 serotyped Salmonella isolates from foods and patients, which were disseminated in 12 of 16 districts in Shanghai, China. A total of 10 (5.5 %) S. Thompson isolates exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC ranging from 8 to 32 μg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (MIC ranging from 2 to 8 μg/mL). The AmpC β-lactamase gene blaCMY-2 and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes of qnrS and qepA were identified in the 9 isolates. Conjugation results showed that the co-transfer of blaCMY-2, qnrS, and qepA occurred on the IncC plasmids with sizes of ∼150 (n = 8) or ∼138 (n = 1) kbp. Three typical modules of ISEcp1-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE, IS26-IS15DIV-qnrS-ISKpn19, and ISCR3-qepA-intl1 were identified in an ST3 IncC plasmid pSH11G0791. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that IncC plasmids evolved into Lineages 1, 2, and 3. IncC plasmids from China including pSH11G0791 in this study fell into Lineage 1 with those from the USA, suggesting their close genotype relationship. In conclusion, to our knowledge, it is the first report of the co-existence of blaCMY-2, qnrS, and qepA in IncC plasmids, and the conjugational transfer contributed to their dissemination in S. Thompson. These findings underline further challenges for the prevention and treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections posed by IncC plasmids bearing blaCMY-2, qnrS, and qepA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfeng Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dai Kuang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zeqiang Zhan
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Xianyang Center for Food and Drug Control, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Rahmat Ullah S, Irum S, Mahnoor I, Ismatullah H, Mumtaz M, Andleeb S, Rahman A, Jamal M. Exploring the resistome, virulome, and mobilome of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: deciphering the molecular basis of carbapenem resistance. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:408. [PMID: 38664636 PMCID: PMC11044325 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae, a notorious pathogen for causing nosocomial infections has become a major cause of neonatal septicemia, leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This opportunistic bacterium has become highly resistant to antibiotics due to the widespread acquisition of genes encoding a variety of enzymes such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. We collected Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a local tertiary care hospital from February 2019-February 2021. To gain molecular insight into the resistome, virulome, and genetic environment of significant genes of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates, we performed the short-read whole-genome sequencing of 10 K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from adult patients, neonates, and hospital tap water samples. RESULTS The draft genomes of the isolates varied in size, ranging from 5.48 to 5.96 Mbp suggesting the genome plasticity of this pathogen. Various genes conferring resistance to different classes of antibiotics e.g., aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim were identified in all sequenced isolates. The highest resistance was observed towards carbapenems, which has been putatively linked to the presence of both class B and class D carbapenemases, blaNDM, and blaOXA, respectively. Moreover, the biocide resistance gene qacEdelta1 was found in 6/10 of the sequenced strains. The sequenced isolates exhibited a broad range of sequence types and capsular types. The significant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were bracketed by a variety of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Various spontaneous mutations in genes other than the acquired antibiotic-resistance genes were observed, which play an indirect role in making these bugs resistant to antibiotics. Loss or deficiency of outer membrane porins, combined with ESBL production, played a significant role in carbapenem resistance in our sequenced isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the study isolates exhibited evolutionary relationships with strains from China, India, and the USA suggesting a shared evolutionary history and potential dissemination of similar genes amongst the isolates of different origins. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insight into the presence of multiple mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae strains including the acquisition of multiple antibiotic-resistance genes through mobile genetic elements. Identification of rich mobilome yielded insightful information regarding the crucial role of insertion sequences, transposons, and integrons in shaping the genome of bacteria for the transmission of various resistance-associated genes. Multi-drug resistant isolates that had the fewest resistance genes exhibited a significant number of mutations. K. pneumoniae isolate from water source displayed comparable antibiotic resistance determinants to clinical isolates and the highest number of virulence-associated genes suggesting the possible interplay of ARGs amongst bacteria from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Rahmat Ullah
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Irum
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Mahnoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ismatullah
- Research Centre for Modelling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Mumtaz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Nazir A, Li L, Li F, Tong Y, Liu Y, Chen Y. Characterization, taxonomic classification, and genomic analysis of two newly isolated bacteriophages with potential to infect Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0223023. [PMID: 38376266 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02230-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that is widely distributed and can lead to serious illnesses in both humans and animals. As there is rising incidence of multidrug resistance among these bacteria, it has become imperative to discover alternative therapies beyond antibiotics to effectively treat such infections. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has the potential to treat infections caused by E. coli, as phages contain enzymes that can cause lysis or destruction of bacterial cells. Simultaneously, the easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness of next-generation sequencing technologies have led to the accumulation of a vast amount of phage sequence data. Here, phages IME177 and IME267 were isolated from sewage water of a hospital in China. Modern phylogenetic approaches and key findings from the genomic analysis revealed that phages IME177 and IME267 are classified as members of the Kayfunavirus genus, Autographiviridae family, and a newly proposed Suseptimavirus genus under subfamily Gordonclarkvirinae, respectively. Further, the Kuravirus genus reshaped into three different genera: Kuravirus, Nieuwekanaalvirus, and Suspeptimavirus, which are classified together under a higher taxonomic rank (subfamily) named Gordonclarkvirinae. No genes related to virulence were detected in the genomes of the phages IME177 and IME267. Both phages exhibited a high degree of resilience to a wide range of conditions, including pH, temperature, exposure to chloroform, and UV radiation. Phages IME177 and IME267 are promising biological agents that can infect E. coli, making them suitable candidates for use in phage therapies.IMPORTANCEBiological and taxonomic characterization of phages is essential for facilitating the development of effective strategies for phage therapy and disease control. Escherichia coli phages are incredibly diverse, and their isolation and classification help us understand the scope and nature of this diversity. By identifying new phages and grouping them into families, we can better understand the genetic and structural variations between phages and how they affect their infectivity and interactions with bacteria. Overall, the isolation and classification of E. coli phages have broad implications for both basic and applied research, clinical practice, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazir
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
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AL-Busaidi B, AL-Muzahmi M, AL-Shabibi Z, Rizvi M, AL-Rashdi A, AL-Jardani A, Farzand R, AL-Jabri Z. Hypervirulent Capsular Serotypes K1 and K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Demonstrate Resistance to Serum Bactericidal Activity and Galleria mellonella Lethality. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1944. [PMID: 38339222 PMCID: PMC10855873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a variant that has been increasingly linked to severe, life-threatening infections including pyogenic liver abscess and bloodstream infections. HvKps belonging to the capsular serotypes K1 and K2 have been reported worldwide, however, very scarce studies are available on their genomics and virulence. In the current study, we report four hypermucoviscous extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing hvKp clinical strains of capsular serotype K1 and K2 isolated from pus and urine of critically ill patients in tertiary care hospitals in Oman. These strains belong to diverse sequence types (STs), namely ST-23(K1), ST-231(K2), ST-881(K2), and ST-14(K2). To study their virulence, a Galleria mellonella model and resistance to human serum killing were used. The G. mellonella model revealed that the K1/ST-23 isolate was the most virulent, as 50% of the larvae died in the first day, followed by isolate K2/ST-231 and K2/ST-14, for which 75% and 50% of the larvae died in the second day, respectively. Resistance to human serum killing showed there was complete inhibition of bacterial growth of all four isolates by the end of the first hour and up to the third hour. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that hvKp strains display a unique genetic arrangement of k-loci. Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that these hvKp isolates were phylogenetically distinct, belonging to diverse clades, and belonged to different STs in comparison to global isolates. For ST-23(K1), ST-231(K2), ST-881(K2), and ST-14(K2), there was a gradual decrease in the number of colonies up to the second to third hour, which indicates neutralization of bacterial cells by the serum components. However, this was followed by a sudden increase of bacterial growth, indicating possible resistance of bacteria against human serum bactericidal activity. This is the first report from Oman detailing the WGS of hvKp clinical isolates and assessing their resistance and virulence genomics, which reinforce our understanding of their epidemiology and dissemination in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basaier AL-Busaidi
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | | | - Zahra AL-Shabibi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Meher Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Azza AL-Rashdi
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman; (A.A.-R.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Amina AL-Jardani
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman; (A.A.-R.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Robeena Farzand
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Zaaima AL-Jabri
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman;
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Nazir A, Xu X, Liu Y, Chen Y. Phage Endolysins: Advances in the World of Food Safety. Cells 2023; 12:2169. [PMID: 37681901 PMCID: PMC10486871 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, the exploration of alternative approaches to safeguard food safety becomes more crucial than ever. Phage endolysins are enzymes derived from phages that possess the ability to break down bacterial cell walls. They have emerged as promising antibacterial agents suitable for integration into food processing systems. Their application as food preservatives can effectively regulate pathogens, thus contributing to an overall improvement in food safety. This review summarizes the latest techniques considering endolysins' potential for food safety. These techniques include native and engineered endolysins for controlling bacterial contamination at different points within the food production chain. However, we find that characterizing endolysins through in vitro methods proves to be time consuming and resource intensive. Alternatively, the emergence of advanced high-throughput sequencing technology necessitates the creation of a robust computational framework to efficiently characterize recently identified endolysins, paving the way for future research. Machine learning encompasses potent tools capable of analyzing intricate datasets and pattern recognition. This study briefly reviewed the use of these industry 4.0 technologies for advancing the research in food industry. We aimed to provide current status of endolysins in food industry and new insights by implementing these industry 4.0 strategies revolutionizes endolysin development. It will enhance food safety, customization, efficiency, transparency, and collaboration while reducing regulatory hurdles and ensuring timely product availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazir
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
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6
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Chen C, Tao Z, Li T, Chen H, Zhao Y, Sun X. Isolation and characterization of novel bacteriophage vB_KpP_HS106 for Klebsiella pneumonia K2 and applications in foods. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1227147. [PMID: 37655345 PMCID: PMC10466807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in food is increasing, and it has emerged as a food pathogen. Global health is threatened due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent (hv) K. pneumoniae. Phages have a promising application as antibacterial agents and have the ability to lyse MDR strains. Hence, phage vB_KpP_HS106 against MDR-hv K. pneumoniae strains was isolated from sewage collected from a hospital. It can maintain stable activity at a pH range of 4-12 and a temperature range of 4°C to 50°C. The maximum adsorption rate of phage HS106 was found to be approximately 84.2% at 6 min. One-step growth curve analysis showed that the latent period of HS106 was 10 min and the burst size was approximately 183 PFU/cell. Furthermore, whole genome analysis indicated that the genome of phage HS106 was a double-stranded linear 76,430-bp long DNA molecule with 44% GC content. A total of 95 open reading frames were annotated in the HS106 genome, which did not contain any virulence genes or antibiotic resistance genes. Phage HS106 reduced MDR K. pneumoniae in milk by approximately 1.6 log10 CFU/mL at 25°C and in chicken by approximately 2 log10 CFU/cm3 at 25°C. Therefore, vB_KpP_HS106 is a promising alternative to antibiotics for biocontrol against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxiang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
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Li F, Li L, Na S, Zhao J, Liu F, Liu P, Li Y, Li M, Lei M, Zhang D, Nazir A, Wang G. Isolation, characterization and genomic analysis of a novel phage IME178 with lytic activity against Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106099. [PMID: 37060965 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have been used in phage therapy for the treatment of bacterial infections. They are biological agents that used for management of diseases caused by resistant bacteria. As compared to antibiotics, phages can kill bacteria specifically, requiring more awareness about phage-host interactions by exploring new phages. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a conditional pathogen and cause infections like pneumonia and diarrhea in hospitalized patients. In the current research work, a virus IME178, a novel strain, was extracted from the sewage of hospital against the clinical E. coli of multidrug resistant nature. Genomic characterization and transmission electron microscopy have exhibited relation of phage to the Tequintavirus genus, Demerecviridae family. The Phage IME178's double-stranded DNA genome was 108588 bp long, with a GC content of 39%. The phage genome transcribes 155 open reading frames, 72 are hypothetical proteins, 81 have putative functions assigned to them, and two are unknown to any database. A total number of 19 tRNA genes were found in the genome of this phage. There were no genes associated with virulence or drug resistance in the phage genome. According to a comparative genomic analysis, the genomic sequence of phage IME178 is 91% identical to E. coli phage phiLLS (NC 047822.1). The phage's host range and one-step growth curve were also estimated. As per genomic and bioinformatics analysis findings, Phage IME178, a propitious biological agent that infects E. coli and have the potential to use in phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Taian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Shi Na
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of General Surgury, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuexiu Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Minimally Invasive Cancer, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Amina Nazir
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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Nazir A, Song J, Chen Y, Liu Y. Phage-Derived Depolymerase: Its Possible Role for Secondary Bacterial Infections in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020424. [PMID: 36838389 PMCID: PMC9961776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As of 29 July 2022, there had been a cumulative 572,239,451 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, including 6,390,401 fatalities. COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms are usually treated with a combination of virus- and drug-induced immuno-suppression medicines. Critical clinical complications of the respiratory system due to secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) could be the reason for the high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance is increasing daily, and only a few options are available in our antimicrobial armory. Hence, alternative therapeutic options such as enzymes derived from bacteriophages can be considered for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients. In particular, phage-derived depolymerases have high antivirulent potency that can efficiently degrade bacterial capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides. They have emerged as a promising class of new antibiotics and their therapeutic role for bacterial infections is already confirmed in animal models. This review provides an overview of the rising incidence of SBIs among COVID-19 patients. We present a practicable novel workflow for phage-derived depolymerases that can easily be adapted for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yibao Chen
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-6665-5093 (Y.C. & Y.L.)
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-6665-5093 (Y.C. & Y.L.)
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9
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Li F, Tian F, Nazir A, Sui S, Li M, Cheng D, Nong S, Ali A, KaKar MU, Li L, Feng Q, Tong Y. Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel Autographiviridae bacteriophage IME184 with lytic activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virus Res 2022; 319:198873. [PMID: 35868353 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a multidrug resistant bacterium that causes nosocomial infections including septicemia, pneumonia etc. Bacteriophages are potential antimicrobial agents for the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study, a novel bacteriophage IME184, was isolated from hospital sewage against clinical multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Transmission electron microscopy and genomic characterization exhibited this phage belongs to the Molineuxvirinae genus, Autographiviridae family. Phage IME184 possessed a double-stranded DNA genome composed of 44,598 bp with a GC content of 50.3%. The phage genome encodes 57 open reading frames, out of 26 are hypothetical proteins while 31 had assigned putative functions. No tRNA, virulence related or antibiotic resistance genes were found in phage genome. Comparative genomic analysis showed that phage IME184 has 94% similarity with genomic sequence of Klebsiella phage K1-ULIP33 (MK380014.1). Multiplicity of infection, one step growth curve and host range of phage were also measured. According to findings, Phage IME184 is a promising biological agent that infects Klebsiella pneumoniae and can be used in future phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China; Center for Clinical Laboratory,The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Fengjuan Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Amina Nazir
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan Industry North Road 202, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shujing Sui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Dongxiao Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Siqin Nong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Azam Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohib-Ullah KaKar
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Lu Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Taian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Feng
- Center for Clinical Laboratory,The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China.
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10
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Cao Z, Cui L, Liu Q, Liu F, Zhao Y, Guo K, Hu T, Zhang F, Sheng X, Wang X, Peng Z, Dai M. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Carrying qnrS Gene Isolated from Chicken Feed in China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0251821. [PMID: 35467399 PMCID: PMC9241693 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02518-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacteriaceae including resistance to quinolones is rising worldwide. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrS is prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae. However, the qnrS gene is rarely found in Enterobacter hormaechei (E. hormaechei). Here, we reported one multidrug resistant E. hormaechei strain M1 carrying the qnrS1 and blaTEM-1 genes. This study was to analyze the characteristics of MDR E. hormaechei strain M1. The E. hormaechei strain M1 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae complex by biochemical assay and 16S rRNA sequencing. The whole genome was sequenced by the Oxford Nanopore method. Taxonomy of the E. hormaechei was based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The qnrS with the other antibiotic resistance genes were coexisted on IncF plasmid (pM1). Besides, the virulence factors associated with pathogenicity were also located on pM1. The qnrS1 gene was located between insertion element IS2A (upstream) and transposition element ISKra4 (downstream). The comparison result of IncF plasmids revealed that they had a common plasmid backbone. Susceptibility experiment revealed that the E. hormaechei M1 showed extensive resistance to the clinical antimicrobials. The conjugation transfer was performed by filter membrane incubation method. The competition and plasmid stability assays suggested the host bacteria carrying qnrS had an energy burden. As far as we know, this is the first report that E. hormaechei carrying qnrS was isolated from chicken feed. The chicken feed and poultry products could serve as a vehicle for these MDR bacteria, which could transfer between animals and humans through the food chain. We need to pay close attention to the epidemiology of E. hormaechei and prevent their further dissemination. IMPORTANCE Enterobacter hormaechei is an opportunistic pathogen. It can cause infections in humans and animals. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrS can be transferred intergenus, which is leading to increase the quinolone resistance levels in Enterobacteriaceae. Chicken feed could serve as a vehicle for the MDR E. hormaechei. Therefore, antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) might be transferred to the intestinal flora after entering the gastrointestinal tract with the feed. Furthermore, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) were also excreted into environment with feces, posing a huge threat to public health. This requires us to monitor the ARB and antibiotic-resistant plasmids in the feed. Here, we demonstrated the characteristics of one MDR E. hormaechei isolate from chicken feed. The plasmid carrying the qnrS gene is a conjugative plasmid with transferability. The presence of plasmid carrying antibiotic-resistance genes requires the maintenance of antibiotic pressure. In addition, the E. hormaechei M1 belonged to new sequence type (ST). These data show the MDR E. hormaechei M1 is a novel strain that requires our further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Cao
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luqing Cui
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Liu
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangjia Liu
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixuan Guo
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xijing Sheng
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation/National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Characterization and complete genome sequence analysis of a newly isolatedphage against Vibrio parahaemolyticus from sick shrimp in Qingdao, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266683. [PMID: 35507581 PMCID: PMC9067683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases have become a serious havoc, where antimicrobial resistance is throwing significant challenges on daily basis. With the increase of drug-resistant bacteria and food-borne infection associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, new and effective strategies were needed to control the emergence of vibriosis. Lytic bacteriophages come up as a promising way to resist the pathogenic population in various applications. In this study, a V. parahaemolyticus specific phage vB_VpS_PG28 was isolated from sewage in the seafood market. Results showed vB_VpS_PG28, is strictly a lytic bacteriophage and has a relatively large burst size of 103 plaque-forming units per infected cell. Comparative genomic and bioinformatic analyses proved that vB_VpS_PG28 is a new bacteriophage that had a homologous relation with Vibrio phages of family Siphoviridae, especially with phage VH2_2019, but transmission electron microscopy of vB_VpS_PG28 morphology characterized its morphology is similar to that of Myoviridae family. In silico analysis indicated that the vB_VpS_PG28 genome consists of 82712 bp (48.08% GC content) encoding 114 putative ORFs without tRNA,and any gene associated with resistance or virulence factors has not been found. The bacteriophage in the present study has shown significant outcomes in order to control bacterial growth under in vitro conditions. Thus, we are suggesting a beneficiary agent against foodborne pathogens. Further, to ensure the safe usage of phage oral toxicity testing is recommended.
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12
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Nazir A, Qi C, Shi N, Gao X, Feng Q, Qing H, Li F, Tong Y. Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Drexlervirial Bacteriophage IME268 with Lytic Activity Against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1533-1546. [PMID: 35414748 PMCID: PMC8994998 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s347110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae, a multidrug resistant bacterium, that causes nosocomial infections including septicemia, pneumonia etc. Bacteriophages are potential antimicrobial agents for the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Methods and Results In this study, a novel bacteriophage IME268 was isolated from hospital sewage against clinical multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Transmission electron microscopy and genomic characterization of this phage exhibited it belongs to the Webervirus genus, Drexlerviridae family. Phage IME268 possessed a double-stranded DNA genome composed of 49,552bp with a GC content of 50.5%. The phage genome encodes 77 open reading frames, out of 44 are hypothetical proteins while 33 had assigned putative functions. No tRNA, virulence related or antibiotic resistance genes were found in phage genome. Comparative genomic analysis showed that phage IME268 has 95% identity with 87% query cover with other phages in NCBI database. Multiplicity of infection, one step growth curve and host range of phage were also measured. Conclusion According to findings, Phage IME268 is a promising biological agent that infects Klebsiella pneumoniae and can be used in future phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazir
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Qi
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Shi
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Gao
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fei Li; Yigang Tong, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Xu Y, Jing Y, Hu L, Cheng Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, Yang H, Zhao Y, Zhou D, Yin Z, Dai E. IncFIB-4.1 and IncFIB-4.2 Single-Replicon Plasmids: Small Backbones with Large Accessory Regions. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1191-1203. [PMID: 35345473 PMCID: PMC8957301 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s332949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish a typing scheme for IncFIB replicon and to dissect genomic features of IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids. Methods A total of 146 representative fully sequenced IncFIB-replicon-containing plasmids were selected to construct a phylogenetic tree of repBIncFIB sequences. A collection of nine IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids from China were fully sequenced here and compared with the first sequenced IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids from GenBank to dissect their genomic diversity. Results In this study, a repB sequence-based scheme was proposed for grouping IncFIB replicon into seven primary types and further into 70 subtypes. A collection of nine IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids were fully sequenced here and compared with the first sequenced IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids from GenBank. These 11 plasmids had small backbones and shared only three key backbone markers repB together with its iterons, parABC, and stbD. Each plasmid contained one large accessory region (LAR) inserted into the backbone, and these 11 LARs had significantly distinct profiles of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and resistance/metabolism gene loci. Antibiotic resistance regions (ARRs; the antibiotic resistance gene-containing genetic elements) were found in seven of these 11 LARs. Besides resistance genes, ARRs carried unit or composite transposons, integrons, and putative resistance units. IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids were important vectors of drug resistance genes. This was the first report of three novel MGEs: In1776, Tn6755, and Tn6857. Conclusion Data presented here provided a deeper insight into diversity and evolution of IncFIB replicon and IncFIB-4.1/4.2 single-replicon plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoxiang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixia Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuee Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Erhei Dai; Zhe Yin, Tel +86-311-85814612; +86-10-66948557, Email ;
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14
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Tian F, Li J, Nazir A, Tong Y. Bacteriophage - A Promising Alternative Measure for Bacterial Biofilm Control. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:205-217. [PMID: 33505163 PMCID: PMC7829120 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s290093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can enhance bacteria's viability by providing resistance against antibiotics and conventional disinfectants. The existence of biofilm is a serious threat to human health, causing incalculable loss. Therefore, new strategies to deal with bacterial biofilms are needed. Bacteriophages are unique due to their activity on bacteria and do not pose a threat to humans. Consequently, they are considered safe alternatives to drugs for the treatment of bacterial diseases. They can effectively obliterate bacterial biofilms and have great potential in medical treatment, the food industry, and pollution control. There are intricate mechanisms of interaction between phages and biofilms. Biofilms may prevent the invasion of phages, and phages can kill bacteria for biofilm control purposes or influence the formation of biofilms. At present, there are various measures for the prevention and control of biofilms through phages, including the combined use of drugs and the application of phage cocktails. This article mainly reviews the function and formation process of bacterial biofilms, summarizes the different mechanisms between phages and biofilms, briefly explains the phage usage for the control of bacterial biofilms, and promotes phage application maintenance human health and the protection of the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amina Nazir
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yigang Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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