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Siregar DRG, Kawilarang AP, Kusumaningrum D, Purwanta M. A rare case report of liver masses caused by Actinomyces species. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 49:100573. [PMID: 38556249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by Actinomyces spp. Of all actinomycosis infections, only 5% of Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) infection has been reported. This disease is often misdiagnosed as a malignancy. This case report presents a 45-year-old woman with diabetes, initially suspected of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but after careful tissue staining, we found the results supported HA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Pohan Kawilarang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Deby Kusumaningrum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Tuberculosis Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Marijam Purwanta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Ghaffari K, Falahati V, Motallebirad T, Safarabadi M, Tashakor AH, Azadi D. Microbiological and Molecular Study of Paranasal Sinus Infections of Children with Malignancy and Unknown Origin Fever in Markazi Province, Iran. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2024; 100:100745. [PMID: 38617893 PMCID: PMC11015527 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Children with malignancies are vulnerable to various infections, including sinus infections. Sinusitis is primarily caused by bacterial infections, followed by fungal infections. Due to this, evaluating the occurrence, diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial species that cause paranasal sinus infections in children with malignancy and unexplained fever is important. Objective To investigate the bacterial species accountable for sinusitis in children with malignancy and unexplained fever, and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods The study involved collecting 90 sinus samples from children aged 5 to 15 years with malignancy in Arak City, Iran. The isolates were identified using a combination of phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular techniques, including specific polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Drug susceptibility testing was performed following the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute 2021 guidelines. Results A total of 36 isolates (40%) were obtained, including 4 isolates of Nocardia (11.12%), 4 isolates of Escherichia coli (11.12%), 3 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.33%), 5 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.88%), 3 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (8.33%), 4 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (11.12%), 3 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.33%), 5 isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae (13.88%), 2 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.55%), and 3 isolates of Enterococcus faecium (8.33%). The isolates showed the most sensitivity to imipenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and the least sensitivity to erythromycin and tetracycline. Conclusions The findings of the study indicate that sinusitis can contribute to fever of unknown origin in patients with cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to use a combination of molecular and phenotypic methods for accurate identification of isolates. This approach can provide more reliable and precise results, leading to better diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis infections in children with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Ghaffari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Student Research Comittee, Khomein University Of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Vahid Falahati
- Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Tahereh Motallebirad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mahdi Safarabadi
- Department of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Tashakor
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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Motallebirad T, Tashakor A, Abniki R, Azadi D. Fifteen years of phenotypic and genotypic surveillance and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes (Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, etc.) in clinical and environmental samples of Iran. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116080. [PMID: 37862765 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycetes, ubiquitous in the natural world, have been known to inflict infections upon both immunocompromised and healthy individuals. Interestingly enough, these species are oftentimes found residing within the microbiota of humans and animals alike. Unfortunately, these infections are frequently misdiagnosed as more sinister ailments such as malignancy or tuberculosis. Due to this issue, this review deals with 15 years of study on clinical and environmental samples to determine Actinomycetes' prevalence, isolation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Iran by Davood Azadi et al. According to the Davood Azadi framework, we searched the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, and Google Scholar in the period from 2007 to 2023. This review aimed to provide an overview of the most recent techniques for collecting environmental samples, cultivating them, and identifying the Actinomycetes group's members. The isolation of Actinomycetes from clinical and ecological sources is becoming more prevalent and should be a concern for health authorities in developing countries. Health centers should take action to increase awareness of diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for actinomycete diseases. Improvements in national and regional reference laboratories may also aid in accurately diagnosing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Motallebirad
- Department of Research and Development, Satras Biotechnology Company, Islamic Azad University of Khomein, Khomein, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tashakor
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Abniki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Department of Research and Development, Satras Biotechnology Company, Islamic Azad University of Khomein, Khomein, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Motallebirad T, Mardanshah O, Safarabadi M, Ghaffari K, Orouji MA, Abedi B, Azadi D. Screening, molecular identification, population diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes species isolated from meat and meat products of slaughterhouses, restaurants, and meat stores of a developing country, Iran. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1134368. [PMID: 37520382 PMCID: PMC10373891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage. Moreover, washing the meat does not eliminate the microorganisms; it only spreads them. As a result, these opportunistic pathogens can enter the human body and cause various infections. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Actinomycetes species from meat and meat products in the Markazi province of Iran. Methods A total of 60 meat and meat product samples, including minced meat, mutton, beef, chicken, hamburgers, and sausages, were collected from slaughterhouses, butchers, and restaurants in the Markazi province of Iran. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological protocols for the isolation and characterization of Actinomycetes. PCR amplification of hsp65 and 16SrRNA genes and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA were used for genus and species identification. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Results A total of 21 (35%) Actinomycetes isolates from 5 genera and 12 species were isolated from 60 samples. The most prevalent Actinomycetes were from the genus Mycobacterium, with six (28.6%) isolates (M. avium complex, M. terrae, M. smegmatis, and M. novocastrense), followed by the genus Rhodococcus with five (23.8%) isolates (R. equi and R. erythropolis), the genus Actinomyces with four (19.1%) isolates (A. ruminicola and A. viscosus), the genus Nocardia with four (19.1%) isolates (N. asiatica, N. seriolae, and N. niigatensis), and the genus Streptomyces with two (9.5%) isolates (S. albus). Chicken and sausage samples had the highest and lowest levels of contamination, with six and one isolates. Respectively, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) showed that all isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin, whereas all of them were resistant to Doxycycline and Rifampicin. Discussion The findings suggest that meat and meat products play an important role as a reservoir for the transmission of Actinomycetes to humans, thus causing life-threatening foodborne diseases such as gastrointestinal and cutaneous disorders. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate basic hygiene measures into the cycle of meat production to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Motallebirad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Omid Mardanshah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Safarabadi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Kazem Ghaffari
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Orouji
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Behnam Abedi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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Wolff A, Rodloff AC, Vielkind P, Borgmann T, Stingu CS. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Oral Isolates of Actinomyces spp. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010125. [PMID: 35056574 PMCID: PMC8779083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces species play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and infections. Susceptibility testing is not always routinely performed, and one may oversee a shift in resistance patterns. The aim of the study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 well-identified clinical oral isolates of Actinomyces spp. against eight selected antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution (AD) and E-Test (ET) methods. We observed no to low resistance against penicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, clindamycin, linezolid and tigecycline (0-2% ET, 0% AD) but high levels of resistance to moxifloxacin (93% ET, 87% AD) and daptomycin (83% ET, 95% AD). The essential agreement of the two methods was very good for benzylpenicillin (EA 95%) and meropenem (EA 92%). The ET method was reliable for correctly categorizing susceptibility, in comparison with the reference method agar dilution, except for daptomycin (categorical agreement 87%). Penicillin is still the first-choice antibiotic for therapy of diseases caused by Actinomyces spp.
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Hashemzadeh M, Dezfuli AAZ, Khosravi AD, Savari M, Jahangirimehr F. Genotypic and phenotypic prevalence of Nocardia species in Iran: First systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over years 1992-2021. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254840. [PMID: 34292995 PMCID: PMC8297923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nocardia species belong to the aerobic actinomycetes group of bacteria which are gram-positive and partially acid-fast Bacilli. These bacteria may sometimes be associated with nosocomial infections. Nocardia diseases are not required to be reported to public health authorities in Iran. Hence, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence of human Nocardia spp. in Iran by using a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-Analyses statement. Methods The data of the prevalence of Nocardia species were collected from databases such as Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE via Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as national Iranian databases, including SID, Magiran. Analyses were conducted by STATA 14.0. Results The meta-analyses showed that the proportion of Nocardia spp. in Iranian studies varied from 1.71(1.17, 2.24) to 0.46(0.09, 0.83). N. asteroides (21% [95% CI 1.17, 2.24]), N. cyriacigeorgica (17% [95% CI 0.99, 1.77]), N. facanica (10% [95% CI 0.75, 1.00]) were considered to be common causative agents. Conclusions Our study presents that despite the fact that Nocardia spp. are normally are saprophytic organisms, are currently accounts as emerging pathogens due to an increase in immunocompromised patients among Iranian populations. Considering our results, the establishment of advanced diagnostic facilities for the rapid detection of Nocardia infections are required for optimal therapeutic strategies of Nocardia spp. in Iran. Our findings could help the programmatic management of the disease within the context of Nocardia control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Savari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rahdar HA, Mahmoudi S, Bahador A, Ghiasvand F, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Feizabadi MM. Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance pattern of actinomycetes isolates among immunocompromised patients in Iran, emerging of new infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10745. [PMID: 34031507 PMCID: PMC8144606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in DNA-based approaches have led to the identification of uncommon and rare bacterial pathogens. In this study, by utilizing a DNA-based approach, a total of 1043 clinical specimens were processed for the identification of actinobacteria targeting the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. Drug susceptibility testing was also conducted using micro-broth dilution and PCR. Two isolates of Nocardia flavorosea and Rhodococcus erythropolis were reported for the first time in Iran. Also, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, Streptomyces olivaceus, and Streptomyces griseus were reported for the first time in Asia. Infections caused by Nocardia caishijiensis and Prauserella muralis have also been reported in this study. The first Asian case of pulmonary infection caused by Nocardia ignorata and the first global case of brain abscess caused by Nocardia ninae and Nocardia neocaledoniensis have been reported in this study. Overall 30 isolates belonging to 6 genera (Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rodoccoccus, Nocardiopsis, Rothia, and Prauserella) were detected in 30 patients. All 30 isolates were susceptible to amikacin and linezolid. Three isolates including Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (n = 2) and Nocardia flavorosea (n = 1) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole which were the first trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant clinical actinomycetes in Iran. Isolation of rare species of actinomycetes particularly Nocardia spp. requires urgent action before they spread clinically particularly among immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghiasvand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Siavashifar M, Rezaei F, Motallebirad T, Azadi D, Absalan A, Naserramezani Z, Golshani M, Jafarinia M, Ghaffari K. Species diversity and molecular analysis of opportunistic Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus isolated from the hospital environment in a developing country, a potential resources for nosocomial infection. Genes Environ 2021; 43:2. [PMID: 33509299 PMCID: PMC7844956 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital environmental resources have a significant role in cross-transmission of opportunistic pathogens such as actinomycetes species to the patients. Actinomycetes have a remarkable capability to survive in adverse and harsh conditions of hospital environments; therefore, they are a threat to the health of patients. Due to this issue, we aimed to determine the frequency and diversity of actinomycetes species in hospital soil, water and dust by using a combination of conventional and molecular methods including the phenotypic and biochemical tests for preliminary identification and the PCR amplification of the specific region of the 16S rRNA, hsp65 gene and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA for the genus and species identification. Results A total of 50 (35.2%) actinomycetes isolates from 7 genera were isolated from 142 hospital environmental samples. The three most prevalent species were M. setense 10%, R. erythropolis and M. fortuitum 8% followed by N.cyriacigeorgica and M. gordonae 6%, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. lentiflavum, M. mucogenicum, N. asteroides, N. farcinica, R. equi and L. shinushuensis 4% and the single isolates of M. conceptionense, M. septicum, N. rhamnosophilia, N. bravicatena, M. flavescens, M. arupense, M. doricum, M. frederiksbergense, S. heliomycini, S. albus, S. albogriseolus, R. facians, D. maris, G. terae and A. globiformis. Conclusions In conclusion we showed that the hospital environment is a potential reservoir for a broad range of actinomycetes species, due to the remarkable survival capability of these microorganisms in adverse hospital environment, carrying a threat to the health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Siavashifar
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Tahereh Motallebirad
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran.
| | - Abdorrahim Absalan
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Naserramezani
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Golshani
- Student Research Comitee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Morteza Jafarinia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kazem Ghaffari
- Department of Basic and Laboratory and Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Qods street, Khomein, Iran
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Regueme A, Vachee A, Duployez C, Petit AE, Coulon P, Wallet F, Loiez C. First case of fatal bacteremia due to Nocardia neocaledoniensis. IDCases 2020; 22:e00934. [PMID: 32923367 PMCID: PMC7475272 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
First case of bacteremia due to N.neocaledoniensis in an immunocompromised patient. Mass spectrometry is a discriminant technique to identify rapidly N.neocaledoniensis. Incubating culture media for a longer time helps to obtain definitive diagnosis and adapt antibiotics.
Nocardia neocaledoniensis is an uncommon cause of human-infections. Few cases are reported in the literature. We describe the first case of bacteremia caused by N. neocaledoniensis. This article underlines the importance of mass spectrometry for easy and rapid identification of such bacterium.
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