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Zhang LM, Zhou SW, Huang XS, Chen YF, Mwangi J, Fang YQ, Du T, Zhao M, Shi L, Lu QM. Blap-6, a Novel Antifungal Peptide from the Chinese Medicinal Beetle Blaps rhynchopetera against Cryptococcus neoformans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5336. [PMID: 38791374 PMCID: PMC11121495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a pathogenic fungus that can cause life-threatening meningitis, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. The current standard treatment involves the combination of amphotericin B and azole drugs, but this regimen often leads to inevitable toxicity in patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs with improved safety profiles. We screened antimicrobial peptides from the hemolymph transcriptome of Blaps rhynchopetera (B. rhynchopetera), a folk Chinese medicine. We found an antimicrobial peptide named blap-6 that exhibited potent activity against bacteria and fungi. Blap-6 is composed of 17 amino acids (KRCRFRIYRWGFPRRRF), and it has excellent antifungal activity against C. neoformans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.81 μM. Blap-6 exhibits strong antifungal kinetic characteristics. Mechanistic studies revealed that blap-6 exerts its antifungal activity by penetrating and disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell membrane. In addition to its direct antifungal effect, blap-6 showed strong biofilm inhibition and scavenging activity. Notably, the peptide exhibited low hemolytic and cytotoxicity to human cells and may be a potential candidate antimicrobial drug for fungal infection caused by C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- La-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (L.-M.Z.); (T.D.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Sheng-Wen Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-W.Z.); (X.-S.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.M.); (Y.-Q.F.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-W.Z.); (X.-S.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.M.); (Y.-Q.F.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-W.Z.); (X.-S.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.M.); (Y.-Q.F.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-W.Z.); (X.-S.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.M.); (Y.-Q.F.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Qun Fang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-W.Z.); (X.-S.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.M.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Ting Du
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (L.-M.Z.); (T.D.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (L.-M.Z.); (T.D.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; (L.-M.Z.); (T.D.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Qiu-Min Lu
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.17 Longxin Road, Kunming 650201, China; (S.-W.Z.); (X.-S.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.M.); (Y.-Q.F.)
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Fontanot A, Ellinger I, Unger WWJ, Hays JP. A Comprehensive Review of Recent Research into the Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Biofilms-January 2020 to September 2023. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:343. [PMID: 38667019 PMCID: PMC11047476 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilm formation creates a persistent and resistant environment in which microorganisms can survive, contributing to antibiotic resistance and chronic inflammatory diseases. Increasingly, biofilms are caused by multi-drug resistant microorganisms, which, coupled with a diminishing supply of effective antibiotics, is driving the search for new antibiotic therapies. In this respect, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, hydrophobic, and amphipathic peptides that show activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm formation. They also possess broad-spectrum activity and diverse mechanisms of action. In this comprehensive review, 150 publications (from January 2020 to September 2023) were collected and categorized using the search terms 'polypeptide antibiotic agent', 'antimicrobial peptide', and 'biofilm'. During this period, a wide range of natural and synthetic AMPs were studied, of which LL-37, polymyxin B, GH12, and Nisin were the most frequently cited. Furthermore, although many microbes were studied, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most popular. Publications also considered AMP combinations and the potential role of AMP delivery systems in increasing the efficacy of AMPs, including nanoparticle delivery. Relatively few publications focused on AMP resistance. This comprehensive review informs and guides researchers about the latest developments in AMP research, presenting promising evidence of the role of AMPs as effective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fontanot
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.F.); (W.W.J.U.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wendy W. J. Unger
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.F.); (W.W.J.U.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.F.); (W.W.J.U.)
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Zhang S, Yang N, Mao R, Hao Y, Teng D, Wang J. In Vitro/Vivo Mechanisms of Antibacterial Peptide NZ2114 against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Its Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:341. [PMID: 38667017 PMCID: PMC11047522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in canines, and has garnered escalating interest due to its potential for zoonotic transmission and increasing antimicrobial resistance. However, the excessive use of antibiotics and the characteristic of S. pseudintermedius forming biofilms make treatment challenging. In this study, the in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action of NZ2114, a plectasin-derived peptide, against S. pseudintermedius were investigated. NZ2114 exhibited potent antibacterial activity towards S. pseudintermedius (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 0.23 μM) with a lower probability of inducing drug-resistant mutations and efficient bactericidal action, which was superior to those of mopirucin (MIC = 0.25-0.5 μM) and lincomycin (MIC = 4.34-69.41 μM). The results of electron microscopy and flow cytometry showed that NZ2114 disrupted S. pseudintermedius' cell membrane, resulting in cellular content leakage, cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage, and, eventually, cell death. The intracellular ROS activity and Alamar Blue detection showed that NZ2114 interferes with intracellular metabolic processes. In addition, NZ2114 effectively inhibits biofilm formation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy further revealed its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity (biofilm thickness reduced to 6.90-17.70 μm). The in vivo therapy of NZ2114 in a mouse pyoderma model showed that it was better than lincomycin in effectively decreasing the number of skin bacteria, alleviating histological damage, and reducing the skin damage area. These results demonstrated that NZ2114 may be a promising antibacterial candidate against S. pseudintermedius infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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Ormsby MJ, Akinbobola A, Quilliam RS. Plastic pollution and fungal, protozoan, and helminth pathogens - A neglected environmental and public health issue? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163093. [PMID: 36996975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is ubiquitous in the environment and can become colonised by distinct microbial biofilm communities, known collectively as the 'plastisphere.' The plastisphere can facilitate the increased survival and dissemination of human pathogenic prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria); however, our understanding of the potential for plastics to harbour and disseminate eukaryotic pathogens is lacking. Eukaryotic microorganisms are abundant in natural environments and represent some of the most important disease-causing agents, collectively responsible for tens of millions of infections, and millions of deaths worldwide. While prokaryotic plastisphere communities in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments are relatively well characterised, such biofilms will also contain eukaryotic species. Here, we critically review the potential for fungal, protozoan, and helminth pathogens to associate with the plastisphere, and consider the regulation and mechanisms of this interaction. As the volume of plastics in the environment continues to rise there is an urgent need to understand the role of the plastisphere for the survival, virulence, dissemination, and transfer of eukaryotic pathogens, and the effect this can have on environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ormsby
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Ayorinde Akinbobola
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Wang X, Long X, Jia S, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Ahmed S, Jiang Y, Jiang Y. In vitro and in vivo synergistic effects of hydroxychloroquine and itraconazole on Cryptococcus neoformans. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-023-01040-4. [PMID: 36753031 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening invasive fungal infections. As its prevalence and drug resistance continue to rise, cryptococcosis requires new treatment options. Tapping into the potential antifungal effects of traditional drugs or combination therapy has become one of the options. This study was the first to examine the interaction of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and itraconazole (ITR) on Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that HCQ alone and in combination with ITR exhibited antifungal activity against C. neoformans planktonic cells. When HCQ was combined with ITR, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of HCQ decreased to 32 μg/mL, and the MIC value of ITR decreased from 0.25 μg/mL to 0.06-0.25 μg/mL. The time-killing curve showed that the combined application of HCQ and ITR significantly shortened the killing time, dynamically defining the antifungal activity. The minimum biofilm clearance concentration (MBEC) of HCQ was only 32 μg/mL, which was significantly lower than the MIC of HCQ for planktonic cells. When combined with ITR, the MBEC of ITR decreased from 128 μg/mL to 2-1 μg/mL, and the MBEC of HCQ decreased from 32 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL, indicating a synergistic antifungal biofilm effect. In comparison to ITR alone, the combination of HCQ and ITR treatment increased the survival of C. neoformans-infected Galleria mellonella larvae and decreased the fungal burden of infected larvae. Mechanistic investigations revealed that HCQ might damage C. neoformans cell membranes, impact the structure of fungal cells, cause extracellular material leakage, and have a potent affinity for attaching to the C. neoformans genomic DNA. In conclusion, HCQ has potential clinical application in the treatment of cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuemei Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Songgan Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yinhui Jiang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China. .,Centre of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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The Antimicrobial Peptide AMP-17 Derived from Musca domestica Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Eradicates Mature Biofilm in Candida albicans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111474. [PMID: 36358129 PMCID: PMC9686669 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm formation of C. albicans represents a major virulence factor during candidiasis. Biofilm-mediated drug resistance has necessitated the search for a new antifungal treatment strategy. In our previous study, a novel antimicrobial peptide named AMP-17 derived from Musca domestica was confirmed to have significant antifungal activity and suppress hyphal growth greatly in C. albicans. In the current work, we aimed to investigate the antibiofilm property of AMP-17 in C. albicans and explore the underlying mechanism. An antifungal susceptibility assay showed that AMP-17 exerted a strong inhibitory efficacy on both biofilm formation and preformed biofilms in C. albicans. Furthermore, AMP-17 was found to block the yeast-to-hypha transition and inhibit the adhesion of biofilm cells with a reduction in cellular surface hydrophobicity. A morphological analysis revealed that AMP-17 indeed suppressed typical biofilm formation and damaged the structures of the preformed biofilm. The RNA-seq showed that the MAPK pathway, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and essential components of the cell were mainly enriched in the biofilm-forming stage, while the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), phenylamine metabolism, and propanoate metabolism were enriched after the biofilm matured. Moreover, the co-expressed DEGs in the two pairwise comparisons highlighted the terms of transmembrane transporter activity, regulation of filamentation, and biofilm formation as important roles in the antibiofilm effect of AMP-17. Additionally, qRT-PCR confirmed that the level of the genes involved in cell adhesion, filamentous growth, MAPK, biofilm matrix, and cell dispersal was correspondingly altered after AMP-17 treatment. Overall, our findings reveal the underlying antibiofilm mechanisms of AMPs in C. albicans, providing an interesting perspective for the development of effective antifungal agents with antibiofilm efficacy in Candida spp.
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