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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024; 291:3331-3366. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Xu K, Li D, Qian J, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou H, Hou X, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Sun H, Shi G, Dai H, Liu H. Single-cell disulfidptosis regulator patterns guide intercellular communication of tumor microenvironment that contribute to kidney renal clear cell carcinoma progression and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1288240. [PMID: 38292868 PMCID: PMC10824999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1288240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Disulfidptosis, an emerging type of programmed cell death, plays a pivotal role in various cancer types, notably impacting the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) through the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the specific involvement of disulfidptosis within the TME remains elusive. Methods Analyzing 41,784 single cells obtained from seven samples of KIRC through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), this study employed nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to assess 24 disulfidptosis regulators. Pseudotime analysis, intercellular communication mapping, determination of transcription factor activities (TFs), and metabolic profiling of the TME subgroup in KIRC were conducted using Monocle, CellChat, SCENIC, and scMetabolism. Additionally, public cohorts were utilized to predict prognosis and immune responses within the TME subgroup of KIRC. Results Through NMF clustering and differential expression marker genes, fibroblasts, macrophages, monocytes, T cells, and B cells were categorized into four to six distinct subgroups. Furthermore, this investigation revealed the correlation between disulfidptosis regulatory factors and the biological traits, as well as the pseudotime trajectories of TME subgroups. Notably, disulfidptosis-mediated TME subgroups (DSTN+CD4T-C1 and FLNA+CD4T-C2) demonstrated significant prognostic value and immune responses in patients with KIRC. Multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC) assays identified marker expression within both cell clusters. Moreover, CellChat analysis unveiled diverse and extensive interactions between disulfidptosis-mediated TME subgroups and tumor epithelial cells, highlighting the TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A ligand-receptor pair as mediators between DSTN+CD4T-C1, FLNA+CD4T-C2, and epithelial cells. Conclusion Our study sheds light on the role of disulfidptosis-mediated intercellular communication in regulating the biological characteristics of the TME. These findings offer valuable insights for patients with KIRC, potentially guiding personalized immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjie Xu
- Central Laboratory Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongling Li
- Nephrology Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinke Qian
- Urology Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minglei Zhang
- Oncology Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Central Laboratory Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- Central Laboratory Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Central Laboratory Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihang Zhang
- Pathology Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Urology Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guodong Shi
- Medical Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Dai
- Yangzhou University Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Urology Department, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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Subbarayan K, Massa C, Leisz S, Steven A, Bethmann D, Biehl K, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Biglycan as a potential regulator of tumorgenicity and immunogenicity in K-RAS-transformed cells. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2069214. [PMID: 35529675 PMCID: PMC9067524 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2069214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix component biglycan (BGN) plays an essential role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. A deficient BGN expression associated with reduced immunogenicity was found in HER-2/neu-overexpressing cells. To determine whether BGN is suppressed by oncogene-driven regulatory networks, the expression and function of BGN was analyzed in murine and human BGNlow/BGNhigh K-RASG12V-transformed model systems as well as in different patients' datasets of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) lesions. K-RAS-mutated CRC tissues expressed low BGN mRNA and protein levels when compared to normal colon epithelial cells, which was associated with a reduced patients' survival. Transfection of BGN in murine and human BGNlow K-RAS-expressing cells resulted in a reduced growth and migration of BGNhigh vs BGNlow K-RAS cells. In addition, increased MHC class I surface antigens as a consequence of an enhanced antigen processing machinery component expression was found upon restoration of BGN, which was confirmed by RNA-sequencing of BGNlow vs. BGNhigh K-RAS models. Furthermore, a reduced tumor formation of BGNhigh versus BGNlow K-RAS-transformed fibroblasts associated with an enhanced MHC class I expression and an increased frequency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor lesions was found. Our data provide for the first time an inverse link between BGN and K-RAS expression in murine and human K-RAS-overexpressing models and CRC lesions associated with altered growth properties, reduced immunogenicity and worse patients' outcome. Therefore, reversion of BGN might be a novel therapeutic option for K-RAS-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbarayan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sandra Leisz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - André Steven
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Katharina Biehl
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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