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Faroog Z, Dirar QSE, Zaidi ARZ, Khan MS, Mahamud G, Ambia SR, Al-Hazzaa S. Knowledge and attitude of medical students towards artificial intelligence in ophthalmology in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:4377-4383. [PMID: 39118699 PMCID: PMC11305754 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology represents a transformative leap in healthcare. AI-powered technologies, such as machine learning and computer vision, enhance the accuracy and efficiency of ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment. Objective This study aimed to determine medical students' awareness and attitudes towards the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology. Methods This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023 using online questionnaires. Data collection was carried out using convenience sampling among medical students at the University. IBM SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results The current finding shows that most of the participants N=309 (89.6%) had heard of the use of AI in medicine, and N=294 (85.2%) heard of the use of AI in ophthalmology. 98.6% (n=340) of respondents believed AI would be a helpful tool in ophthalmology. Along this line of questioning, a significant majority of respondents, 332 (96.2%) selected screening, 332 (96.2%) selected diagnosis, and 293 (84.9%) selected prevention as a usage of AI ophthalmology. However, the majority, 76.5%) of students had little understanding of the development of AI in ophthalmology. In addition, a significant relationship between sex, academic year, cumulative GPA (cGPA), and awareness of AI in ophthalmology (P<0.001) was found in this study. Conclusions Overall, medical students in Saudi Arabia appear to have favorable thoughts about AI and positive perceptions towards AI in ophthalmology. However, the findings of this study emphasize the limited understanding and low confidence levels of medical students in Saudi Arabia regarding the use of AI in ophthalmology. As a result, early exposure to AI-related materials in medical curricula is crucial for addressing these challenges through comprehensive AI education and practical exposure to prepare future ophthalmologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Golam Mahamud
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Selwa Al-Hazzaa
- King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Spencer SKR, Ireland PA, Braden J, Hepschke JL, Lin M, Zhang H, Channell J, Razavi H, Turner AW, Coroneo MT, Shulruf B, Agar A. A Systematic Review of Ophthalmology Education in Medical Schools: The Global Decline. Ophthalmology 2024; 131:855-863. [PMID: 38185285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
TOPIC This systematic review examined geographical and temporal trends in medical school ophthalmology education in relationship to course and student outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Evidence suggesting a decline in ophthalmology teaching in medical schools is increasing, raising concern for the adequacy of eye knowledge across the rest of the medical profession. METHODS Systematic review of Embase and SCOPUS, with inclusion of studies containing data on medical school ophthalmic course length; 1 or more outcome measures on student ophthalmology knowledge, skills, self-evaluation of knowledge or skills, or student course appraisal; or both. The systematic review was registered prospectively on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (identifier, CRD42022323865). Results were aggregated with outcome subgroup analysis and description in relationship to geographical and temporal trends. Descriptive statistics, including nonparametric correlations, were used to analyze data and trends. RESULTS Systematic review yielded 4596 publication titles, of which 52 were included in the analysis, with data from 19 countries. Average course length ranged from 12.5 to 208.7 hours, with significant continental disparity among mean course lengths. Africa reported the longest average course length at 103.3 hours, and North America reported the shortest at 36.4 hours. On average, course lengths have been declining over the last 2 decades, from an average overall course length of 92.9 hours in the 2000s to 52.9 hours in the 2020s. Mean student self-evaluation of skills was 51.3%, and mean student self-evaluation of knowledge was 55.4%. Objective mean assessment mark of skills was 57.5% and that of knowledge was 71.7%, compared with an average pass mark of 66.7%. On average, 26.4% of students felt confident in their ophthalmology knowledge and 34.5% felt confident in their skills. DISCUSSION Most evidence describes declining length of courses devoted to ophthalmology in the last 20 years, significant student dissatisfaction with courses and content, and suboptimal knowledge and confidence. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha K R Spencer
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick A Ireland
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jorja Braden
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny L Hepschke
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Lin
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Zhang
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessie Channell
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hessom Razavi
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Angus W Turner
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Minas T Coroneo
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Boaz Shulruf
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashish Agar
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Johnson M. Terson Syndrome Diagnosed by Ocular Point of Care Ultrasound on the Medical Floor. POCUS JOURNAL 2024; 9:36-40. [PMID: 38681167 PMCID: PMC11044924 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v9i1.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In acute care environments, accurately assessing complications of intracranial pathology can be challenging. Ocular complications in acute intracranial disease are not consistently evaluated despite their high morbidity. We report on a case of monocular diplopia in a 63-year-old man with subacute traumatic brain injury with localized subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ocular point of care ultrasound (POCUS) identified features of vitreous hemorrhage in one globe, leading to a diagnosis of Terson syndrome and a timely referral to ophthalmology. This finding was made on the medical floor days after the initial presentation during rehabilitation when ophthalmoscopy was not possible, and vitreous hemorrhage had not been identified on presentation. Terson syndrome is a seldom discussed but important complication of intracranial hemorrhage generally associated with poor patient outcomes. Ocular POCUS can provide a useful alternative in assessing ocular complications of acute intracranial disease on the medical floor, particularly when the practicalities of performing ophthalmoscopy are challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Johnson
- Department of Long-Term Unscheduled Care, Harrogate and District Foundation TrustHarrogate, YorkshireUK
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Abuallut I, Hurissi E, Abuageelah BM, Alfaifi M, Hakami A, Qadri A, Hakami A, Ghulaysi S. Assessment of Ophthalmology Teaching and its Impact on the Choice of Future Specialties Among Medical Students of Jazan University. Cureus 2023; 15:e49134. [PMID: 38130548 PMCID: PMC10733128 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophthalmology is essential for primary and specialty care physicians, as eye complaints are common, accounting for a sizable proportion of general practice consultations and emergency department visits. Fundamental ophthalmology knowledge is also relevant to other specialty fields. Thus, medical schools must provide effective undergraduate curricula to teach students about salient points, visual examination skills, emergency recognition, and referral indications. The International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) has set guidelines that medical students should imbibe to become proficient in ophthalmology. However, there have been no recent investigations evaluating undergraduate ophthalmology education at Jazan University's Faculty of Medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the curriculum at Jazan University to the ICO's requirements for undergraduate medical education. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with both male and female student participants enrolled in an ophthalmology course at Jazan University's Faculty of Medicine. Following IRB approval, the questionnaire was distributed on social media to assess if Jazan University's undergraduate ophthalmology curriculum complies with ICO standards. RESULTS The study included a diverse sample of 322 participants, predominantly consisting of female students (n=178, 55.3%). The participants' ages ranged from 22 to 36 years, with the majority falling within the 24-25 year age range (n=173, 53.7%). Regarding academic performance, (n=117, 36.3%) of participants had a GPA of less than 4, while 66 (20.5%) had a GPA between 4.76 and 5.00. Among the respondents, 31 (9.6%) indicated having no exposure to ophthalmology, while 117 (36.3%) felt they had insufficient exposure. A considerable percentage of participants expressed competence in various areas, such as obtaining ocular history (n=113, 35.1%), testing visual acuity (n=201, 62.4%), and examining extraocular motility (n=201, 62.4%). In total, 98 participants (30.4%) expressed an interest in ophthalmology, while the majority (n=224, 69.6%) were not interested. CONCLUSION Essential improvements include increasing hands-on clinical experience, small-group learning, exposure across academic years, and early mentorship. Developing competency-based curricula aligned with ICO guidelines could significantly strengthen education. Better training quality and exposure will equip students with the necessary skills, boost confidence, and potentially expand the ophthalmology workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Abuallut
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Eman Hurissi
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, Prince Mohammed Bin Naser Hospital, Jazan, SAU
| | | | - Mona Alfaifi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Aseer, SAU
| | - Alshomokh Hakami
- Department of Medicine, Emergency Division, General Jazan Hospital, Jazan, SAU
| | - Alanoud Qadri
- Department of Pediatrics, General Jazan Hospital, Jazan, SAU
| | - Afnan Hakami
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternity & Children's Hospital Bisha, Bisha, SAU
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Li B, Michaelov E, Waterman R, Sharan S. Ophthalmology as a career choice among medical students: a survey of students at a Canadian medical school. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:225. [PMID: 35365134 PMCID: PMC8973503 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of investigations into the factors that lead medical students to pursue increasingly competitive post-graduate training programs. We sought to determine the factors that influence medical students' opinions on ophthalmology as a career and on ophthalmological medical education. METHODS An anonymous 36-question survey was distributed to all medical students across the four program years at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry as a non-probabilistic convenience sample. Survey results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests to determine significant differences between study sub-populations. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify correlates for positive views towards ophthalmology. RESULTS 81% of questions had a mean positive response amongst the students. Students held negative views regarding the amount of exposure to ophthalmology in medical school. The greatest differences in opinion regarding ophthalmology were seen between those with more exposure and interest in ophthalmology compared to their counterparts with less. Regression analysis identified interest in ophthalmology as a significant correlate to a positive opinion in the field. CONCLUSIONS Our survey demonstrates that while most students had positive views about ophthalmology, some aspects were viewed negatively. Students felt there was a lack of exposure, both educationally and clinically to ophthalmology, which may contribute to some misconceptions of the field. Early exposure appeared to be critical to forming positive opinions of ophthalmology and could be emphasized in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ivey Eye Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Evan Michaelov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ivey Eye Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Waterman
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Sapna Sharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ivey Eye Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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