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Narsa AC, Suhandi C, Afidika J, Ghaliya S, Elamin KM, Wathoni N. A Comprehensive Review of the Strategies to Reduce Retinoid-Induced Skin Irritation in Topical Formulation. Dermatol Res Pract 2024; 2024:5551774. [PMID: 39184919 PMCID: PMC11344648 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5551774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, retinoids are known for their abundant benefits to skin health, ranging from reducing signs of aging and decreasing hyperpigmentation to treating acne. However, it cannot be denied that there are various side effects associated with the use of retinoids on the skin, one of which is irritation. Several approaches can be employed to minimize the irritation caused by retinoids. This review article discusses topical retinoid formulation technology strategies to reduce skin irritation effects. The methodology used in this study is a literature review of 21 reference journals. The sources used in compiling this review are from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE. The findings obtained indicate that the following methods can be used to lessen retinoid-induced irritation in topical formulations: developing drug delivery systems in the formulation, such as encapsulating retinoids, transforming retinoids into nanoparticles, forming complexes (e.g., with cyclodextrin), and binding retinoids with carriers (e.g., polymers, NLC, SLN), adding ingredients with anti-irritation activity, skin barrier improvement, and increased skin hydration to retinoid formulations (e.g., combinations of glucosamine, trehalose, ectoine, sucralfate, omega-9, and 4-t-butylcyclohexanol, addition of ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris R. Br).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Cipta Narsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyMulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Suhandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Janifa Afidika
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Salsabil Ghaliya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Khaled M. Elamin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Ren X, Liu M, Yue M, Zeng W, Zhou S, Zhou J, Xu S. Metabolic Pathway Coupled with Fermentation Process Optimization for High-Level Production of Retinol in Yarrowia lipolytica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8664-8673. [PMID: 38564669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Retinol is a lipid-soluble form of vitamin A that is crucial for human visual and immune functions. The production of retinol through microbial fermentation has been the focus of recent exploration. However, the obtained titer remains limited and the product is often a mixture of retinal, retinol, and retinoic acid, necessitating purification. To achieve efficient biosynthesis of retinol in Yarrowia lipolytica, we improved the metabolic flux of β-carotene to provide sufficient precursors for retinol in this study. Coupled with the optimization of the expression level of β-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase, de novo production of retinol was achieved. Furthermore, Tween 80 was used as an extractant and butylated hydroxytoluene as an antioxidant to extract intracellular retinol and prevent retinol oxidation, respectively. This strategy significantly increased the level of retinol production. By optimizing the enzymes converting retinal to retinol, the proportion of extracellular retinol in the produced retinoids reached 100%, totaling 1042.3 mg/L. Finally, total retinol production reached 5.4 g/L through fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, comprising 4.2 g/L extracellular retinol and 1.2 g/L intracellular retinol. This achievement represents the highest reported titer so far and advances the industrial production of retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengsu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mingyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Delivery and diffusion of retinal in dermis and epidermis through the combination of prodrug nanoparticles and detachable dissolvable microneedles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2751-2761. [PMID: 35191004 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To minimize chemical degradation of retinal, we graft this aldehyde on chitosan chains to make them self-assemble into pro-retinal nanoparticles (PRNs), which we then load into detachable dissolvable microneedles (DDMNs) made of 1:1 (by weight) hyaluronic acid/maltose. The presence of PRNs in the hyaluronic acid-maltose needle matrix also helps improve the microneedles' mechanical strength. Ex vivo administration of PRN-loaded DDMNs on fresh porcine ear skin shows, as observed by stereomicroscopic and confocal fluorescence microscopic analyses of the cross-sectioned tissue pieces, complete deposition followed by dissolution of the needles and diffusion of the PRNs in epidermis and dermis. Rats administered with a single dose of PRN-loaded DDMNs show significantly increased epidermal thickness as compared to rats administered with control DDMNs (no PRN). Both the PRN-loaded DDMNs and the control DDMNs produce no skin irritation in rats.
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4
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Laser-assisted nanoparticle delivery to promote skin absorption and penetration depth of retinoic acid with the aim for treating photoaging. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122162. [PMID: 36122617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an approved treatment for skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet (UVA). Topically applied RA is mainly located in the stratum corneum (SC) with limited diffusion into the deeper strata. A delivery system capable of facilitating dermal delivery and cellular internalization for RA is critical for a successful photoaging therapy. Two delivery approaches, namely nanoparticles and laser ablation, were combined to improve RA's absorption efficacy and safety. The nanoparticle absorption enhancement by the lasers was compared between full-ablative (Er:YAG) and fractional (CO2) modalities. We fabricated poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) and PLA/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The mean size of PLA and PLA/PLGA nanocarriers was 237 and 222 nm, respectively. The RA encapsulation percentage in both nanosystems was > 96 %. PLA and PLA/PLGA nanocarriers promoted RA skin deposition by 5- and 3-fold compared to free control. The ablative lasers further enhanced the skin deposition of RA-loaded nanoparticles, with the full-ablative laser showing greater permeation enhancement than the fractional mode. The skin biodistribution assay evaluated by confocal and fluorescence microscopies demonstrated that the laser-assisted nanoparticle delivery achieved a significant dermis and follicular accumulation. The cell-based study indicated a facile uptake of the nanoparticles into the human dermal fibroblasts. The nanoparticulate RA increased type I collagen and elastin production in the UVA-treated fibroblasts. A reduction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was also highlighted in the photoaging cells. The calculation of therapeutic index (TI) by multiplying collagen/elastin elevation percentage and skin deposition predicted better anti-photoaging performance in Er:YAG laser-assisted nanoparticle delivery than CO2 laser. Nanoencapsulation of RA decreased the cytotoxicity against skin fibroblasts. In vivo skin tolerance test on a nude mouse showed less skin damage after topical application of the nanoparticles than free RA. Our results hypothesized that the laser-mediated nanoparticle delivery provided an efficient and safe use for treating photoaging.
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Youness RA, Dawoud A, ElTahtawy O, Farag MA. Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 36064551 PMCID: PMC9446875 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and Gender are vital determinants for the micronutrient demands of normal indviduals. Among these micronutrients are vitamins that are required in small amounts for optimum metabolism, homeostasis, and a healthy lifestyle, acting as coenzymes in several biochemical reactions. The majority of previous studies have examined such issues that relates to a specific vitamin or life stage, with the majority merely reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Vitamins are classified into water-soluble and fat-soluble components. The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Fat-soluble vitamins were found to have an indisputable role in an array of physiological processes such as immune regulation, vision, bone and mental health. Nonetheless, the fat-soluble vitamins are now considered a prophylactic measurement for a multitude of diseases such as autism, rickets disease, gestational diabetes, and asthma. Herein, in this review, a deep insight into the orchestration of the four different fat-soluble vitamins requirements is presented for the first time across the human life cycle beginning from fertility, pregnancy, adulthood, and senility with an extensive assessment ofthe interactions among them and their underlying mechanistic actions. The influence of sex for each vitamin is also presented at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. .,Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar ElTahtawy
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Maurya VK, Shakya A, Bashir K, Kushwaha SC, McClements DJ. Vitamin A fortification: Recent advances in encapsulation technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2772-2819. [PMID: 35384290 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient whose deficiency is still a major health concern in many regions of the world. It plays an essential role in human growth and development, immunity, and vision, but may also help prevent several other chronic diseases. The total amount of vitamin A in the human diet often falls below the recommended dietary allowance of approximately 900-1000 μ $ \umu $ g/day for a healthy adult. Moreover, a significant proportion of vitamin A may be degraded during food processing, storage, and distribution, thereby reducing its bioactivity. Finally, the vitamin A in some foods has a relatively low bioavailability, which further reduces its efficacy. The World Health Organization has recommended fortification of foods and beverages as a safe and cost-effective means of addressing vitamin A deficiency. However, there are several factors that must be overcome before effective fortified foods can be developed, including the low solubility, chemical stability, and bioavailability of this oil-soluble vitamin. Consequently, strategies are required to evenly disperse the vitamin throughout food matrices, to inhibit its chemical degradation, to avoid any adverse interactions with any other food components, to ensure the food is palatable, and to increase its bioavailability. In this review article, we discuss the chemical, physical, and nutritional attributes of vitamin A, its main dietary sources, the factors contributing to its current deficiency, and various strategies to address these deficiencies, including diet diversification, biofortification, and food fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India
| | - Amita Shakya
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India.,Division of Biotechnology, Cytogene Research & Development, Lucknow, India
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Chand Kushwaha
- Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Theerawattanawit C, Phaiyarin P, Wanichwecharungruang S, Noppakun N, Asawanonda P, Kumtornrut C. Inhibitory Effects of Chitosan on Sebum Production on Facial Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 35:23-30. [PMID: 34348343 DOI: 10.1159/000517965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinathip Theerawattanawit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,
| | - Punnawich Phaiyarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nopadon Noppakun
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanat Kumtornrut
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Synergistic combination therapy of lung cancer using lipid-layered cisplatin and oridonin co-encapsulated nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111830. [PMID: 34146851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer treatment using cisplatin (DDP) in combination with other drugs are effective for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to prepare a layer-by-layer nanoparticles (NPs) for the co-loading of DDP and oridonin (ORI) and to evaluate the antitumor activity of the system in vitro and in vivo. Novel DDP and ORI co-loaded layer-by-layer NPs (D/O-NPs) were constructed. The mean diameter, surface change stability and drug release behavior of NPs were evaluated. In vitro cytotoxicity of D/O-NPs was investigated against DDP resistant human lung cancer cell line (A549/DDP cells), and in vivo anti-tumor efficiency of D/O-NPs was tested on mice bearing A549/DDP cells xenografts. D/O-NPs have a diameter of 139.6 ± 4.4 nm, a zeta potential value of +13.8 ± 1.6 mV. D/O-NPs could significantly enhance in vitro cell toxicity and in vivo antitumor effect against A549/DDP cells and lung cancer animal model compared to the single drug loaded NPs and free drugs. The results demonstrated that the D/O-NPs could be used as a promising lung cancer treatment system.
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Shah A, Aftab S, Nisar J, Ashiq MN, Iftikhar FJ. Nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Limcharoen B, Pisetpackdeekul P, Toprangkobsin P, Thunyakitpisal P, Wanichwecharungruang S, Banlunara W. Topical Proretinal Nanoparticles: Biological Activities, Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation, Follicular Penetration, and Skin Tolerability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1510-1521. [PMID: 33455398 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proretinal nanoparticles, the retinilidene-chitosan nanoparticles, have been developed to overcome the physicochemical instability of retinal and to lessen the dose-dependent cutaneous irritation, through sustaining the release of retinoid. Compared to conventional retinal at the same concentration, proretinal nanoparticles had no cytotoxicity and could induce a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line to express more cellular retinoic acid binding protein-2. Compared to rats topically applied with conventional retinal which showed clear skin irritation and inflammation, daily topical application of proretinal nanoparticles to rats for 28 consecutive days produced neither irritation nor inflammation but significantly increased epidermal proliferation, epidermal thickness, cellular retinoic acid binding protein- 2 expression, and up-regulation of various differentiation markers including keratin 5, keratin 10, keratin 14, cellular retinoic acid binding protein-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Through the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy, we observed the in vivo follicular penetration of proretinal nanoparticles with the depth of penetration independent of postapplication time. Proretinal nanoparticles provide better biological activities of retinoids on epidermis and could eliminate the side effect of retinoid dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial, and Material for Dental Treatment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Microneedle-Facilitated Intradermal Proretinal Nanoparticle Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020368. [PMID: 32093242 PMCID: PMC7075281 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Topical retinoid treatments stimulate biological activities in the skin. The main physical barrier, which limits the efficacy of transdermal drug delivery, is the stratum corneum. Proretinal nanoparticles (PRN) have already been proven to efficiently deliver retinal into the epidermis. In the present study, two transdermal drug delivery systems, microneedles (MN) and PRN, were combined to directly target the dermis. The microchannels induced by the MN, the PRN localization in the microchannels and the skin closure kinetics were investigated by non-invasive imaging techniques, such as dermoscopy, optical coherence tomography and multiphoton tomography. Additionally, the amount of retinal in the epidermis and dermis after application in three different forms (PRN-Loaded microneedles, PRN suspension or conventional retinal solution) was compared. All imaging techniques confirmed the formation of microchannels in the skin, which were partly still detectable after 24 h. Multiphoton tomography showed the release of PRN from the MN within the microchannels. The recovered retinal concentration in the dermis was significantly higher when applied via PRN-loaded microneedles. We hypothesized that this platform of PRN-loaded microneedles can provide a rapid and efficient administration of retinal in the dermis and could be of benefit in some skin conditions such as atrophic scar or photo-aged skin.
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Tangkijngamvong N, Phaiyarin P, Wanichwecharungruang S, Kumtornrut C. The anti-sebum property of chitosan particles. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2135-2140. [PMID: 31904190 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seborrhea is linked to several medical and mental conditions. Although it is common, effective agents and the standardized sebum level for seborrhea are not elucidated. AIMS To determine the efficacy of chitosan particles (CP) formulation on controlling sebum secretion, its extended effects on skin redness and texture after combining with proretinal nanoparticles (CP-PRN), and a correlation of the clinical grading with sebum levels that affect mental health. PATIENTS/METHODS A four-week clinical trial with forty subjects was conducted. Subjects applied either CP formulation or CP-PRN during nighttime. Objective measurements including sebum levels, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin corneometry, skin redness, and texture were analyzed. Subjects completed a self-assessment clinical grading of skin oiliness at every visit. RESULTS Both CP and CP-PRN significantly decreased sebum levels (P ≤ .01) at week 4 compared to baseline. CP also resulted in significant decreases in TEWL (P ≤ .05) and skin corneometry (P ≤ .05) throughout the study. A significant improvement in skin redness was observed with CP-PRN (P ≤ .01). A moderate correlation between the clinical grading and sebum levels was detected (coefficient of 0.5, P ≤ .001), with a sebum level of 106 μg cm-2 indicating emotional discomfort. One subject experienced local irritation with the CP-PRN. Mild pruritic symptoms were reported in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Chitosan particles exhibited an interesting anti-sebum effect. It could be combined with PRN to extend benefits without losing the sebum controlling effect. The clinical grading may be useful in practice due to a modest correlation with sebum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsinee Tangkijngamvong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punnawich Phaiyarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chanat Kumtornrut
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Limcharoen B, Toprangkobsin P, Banlunara W, Wanichwecharungruang S, Richter H, Lademann J, Patzelt A. Increasing the percutaneous absorption and follicular penetration of retinal by topical application of proretinal nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:93-100. [PMID: 30878519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Topical retinoids are frequently applied for therapeutic and cosmeceutical reasons although their bioavailability is low due to their chemical and photochemical instability. Moreover, skin irritation is a common side effect. Therefore, proretinal nanoparticles (PRN) as a novel formulation of topical retinoids, which are based on chitosan grafted with retinal through reversible linkage, were developed and their skin penetration behavior was studied. As nanoparticles preferably penetrate into the hair follicles, the follicular penetration depths of PRN at different time points were investigated. Moreover, the release capacity of the nanoparticulate system was studied using fluorescein as a model drug. Additionally, the concentration of retinal in the stratum corneum and in the hair follicles was quantified after application in particulate and non-particulate form. The results showed that the nanocarriers reached the infundibular area of the hair follicles, irrespective of the incubation time. The nanoparticles were able to release their model drug within the hair follicle. The retinal concentration delivered to the stratum corneum and the hair follicles was significantly higher when retinal was applied in the particulate form. In conclusion, the presented proretinal nanoparticle system may help to overcome the main problems of topical retinoid therapy, which are skin irritation, chemical and photochemical instability and low bioavailability, thus improving the topical retinoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | | | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Heike Richter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.
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Amornwachirabodee K, Khramchantuk S, Pienpinijtham P, Israsena N, Palaga T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Enhancing Passive Transport of Micro/Nano Particles into Cells by Oxidized Carbon Black. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6833-6840. [PMID: 30023963 PMCID: PMC6044846 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Uses of micro-/nano-sized particles to deliver biologically active entities into cells are common for medical therapeutics and prophylactics and also for cellular experiments. Enhancing cellular uptake and avoiding destruction by lysosomes are desirable for general particulate drug delivery systems. Here, we show that the relatively nontoxic, negatively charged oxidized carbon black particles (OCBs) can enhance cellular penetration of micro- and nano-particles. Experiments with retinal-grafted chitosan particles (PRPs) with hydrodynamic sizes of 1200 ± 51.5, 540 ± 29.0, and 430 ± 11.0 nm (three-sized model particles) indicate that only the sub-micron-sized particles can penetrate the first layer of multilayered liposomes. However, in the presence of OCBs, the micron-sized PRPs and the two submicron-sized PRPs can rapidly enter the interiors of all layers of the multilayered liposomes. Very low cellular uptakes of micro- and submicron-sized PRPs into keratinocytes cells are usually observed. However, in the presence of OCBs, faster and higher cellular uptakes of all of the three-sized PRPs are clearly noticed. Intracellular traffic monitoring of PRP uptake into HepG2 cells in the presence of OCBs revealed that the PRPs did not co-localize with endosomes, suggesting a nonendocytic uptake process. This demonstration of OCB's ability to enhance cellular uptake of micro- and submicron-particles should open up an easy strategy to effectively send various carriers into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittima Amornwachirabodee
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical
and Materials Technology, Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence in Materials
and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Khramchantuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical
and Materials Technology, Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence in Materials
and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical
and Materials Technology, Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence in Materials
and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical
and Materials Technology, Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence in Materials
and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical
and Materials Technology, Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence in Materials
and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical
and Materials Technology, Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence in Materials
and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- E-mail: , (S.W.)
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