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Zhang Y, Zeng X, Wu F, Yang X, Che T, Zheng Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wu Z. Adipocyte-Targeted Nanocomplex with Synergistic Photothermal and Pharmacological Effects for Combating Obesity and Related Metabolic Syndromes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1363. [PMID: 39195401 DOI: 10.3390/nano14161363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic which induces a multitude of metabolic disorders. Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting weight loss and improving associated metabolic syndromes in people with obesity. However, current methods of inducing white adipose tissue browning have limited applicability. We developed a nanocomplex pTSL@(P+I), which is a temperature-sensitive liposome (TSL) surface-conjugated with an adipocyte-targeting peptide (p) and loaded with both browning-promoting agents (P) and photosensitizing agents (I). This nanocomplex exhibits adipocyte targeting, as well as synergistic pharmacological and photothermal properties to promote browning. pTSL@(P+I) effectively upregulates UCP1 and COX5B expression by activating the transcription axis of PPARγ/PGC1α and HSF1/PGC1α, thereby promoting white adipose tissue browning and reducing obesity. This novel nanocomplex exhibited a uniform spherical shape, with an average diameter of approximately 200 nm. Additionally, the nanocomplexes exhibited remarkable photothermal properties and biocompatibility. Further, when adipocytes were treated with pTSL@(P+I), their triglyceride content decreased remarkably and intracellular mitochondrial activity increased significantly. When applied to diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, the nanocomplex exhibited significant efficacy, demonstrating a notable 14.4% reduction in body weight from the initial measurement, a decreased fat/lean mass ratio of 20.8%, and no statistically significant disparities (p > 0.05) in associated side effects when compared to the control group. In summary, implementation of the targeted nanocomplex pTSL@(P+I) to enhance energy expenditure by stimulating white adipose tissue browning offers a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300131, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Tingting Che
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China
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Atrooz OM, Reihani N, Mozafari MR, Salawi A, Taghavi E. Enhancing hair regeneration: Recent progress in tailoring nanostructured lipid carriers through surface modification strategies. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:431-462. [PMID: 39091900 PMCID: PMC11289513 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Hair loss is a prevalent problem affecting millions of people worldwide, necessitating innovative and efficient regrowth approaches. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have become a hopeful option for transporting bioactive substances to hair follicles because of their compatibility with the body and capability to improve drug absorption. Review approach Recently, surface modification techniques have been used to enhance hair regeneration by improving the customization of NLCs. These techniques involve applying polymers, incorporating targeting molecules, and modifying the surface charge. Key results The conversation focuses on how these techniques enhance stability, compatibility with the body, and precise delivery to hair follicles within NLCs. Moreover, it explains how surface-modified NLCs can improve the bioavailability of hair growth-promoting agents like minoxidil and finasteride. Furthermore, information on how surface-modified NLCs interact with hair follicles is given, uncovering their possible uses in treating hair loss conditions. Conclusion This review discusses the potential of altering the surface of NLCs to customize them for enhanced hair growth. It offers important information for upcoming studies on hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Atrooz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan
| | - Nasim Reihani
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M. R. Mozafari
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Taghavi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Souza IDL, Saez V, Mansur CRE. Lipid nanoparticles containing coenzyme Q10 for topical applications: An overview of their characterization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113491. [PMID: 37574615 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The coenzyme Q10 is a compound widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations because it is a potent eliminator of free radicals, giving it antioxidant and anti-aging properties. It is naturally synthesized by the human body, but its production wanes with age, leading to the formation of wrinkles. The efficacy of topical application of the coenzyme to counteract this process is subject to several difficulties, due to its instability in the presence of light, low solubility in water and high lipophilicity. Because of these drawbacks, many studies have been conducted of release systems. Lipid nanoparticles stand out in this sense due to the advantages of skin compatibility, protection of the active ingredient against degradation in the external medium, capacity to increase penetration of that ingredient in the skin, and its controlled and prolonged release. In this context, this article presents a review of the main studies of the coenzyme Q10 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for topical use, focusing on the analytic methods used to characterize the systems regarding morphology, zeta potential, release profile, Q10 content, encapsulation efficiency, crystalline organization and structure of the lipid matrix, rheology, antioxidant activity, skin penetration and efficacy, among other aspects. We also describe the main results of the different studies and discuss the critical aspects - the simplest, most reproducible, best, and most relevant - that characterize lipid nanoparticles with encapsulated Q10 for topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D L Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas/Laboratório de Macromoleculas e Coloides na Indústria de Petróleo, Cidade Universitária, Rua Moniz Aragão, 360. Bloco 8G-CT2, CEP 21941-594 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vivian Saez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Claudia R E Mansur
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas/Laboratório de Macromoleculas e Coloides na Indústria de Petróleo, Cidade Universitária, Rua Moniz Aragão, 360. Bloco 8G-CT2, CEP 21941-594 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais-PEMM/COPPE, Brazil
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Kim CH, Lee S, Choi JY, Lyu MJ, Jung HM, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Choi YW. Functionalized Lipid Nanocarriers for Simultaneous Delivery of Docetaxel and Tariquidar to Chemoresistant Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030349. [PMID: 36986449 PMCID: PMC10058271 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous drug delivery efficiency of a co-loaded single-carrier system of docetaxel (DTX)- and tariquidar (TRQ)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) functionalized with PEG and RIPL peptide (PRN) (D^T-PRN) was compared with that of a physically mixed dual-carrier system of DTX-loaded PRN (D-PRN) and TRQ-loaded PRN (T-PRN) to overcome DTX mono-administration-induced multidrug resistance. NLC samples were prepared using the solvent emulsification evaporation technique and showed homogeneous spherical morphology, with nano-sized dispersion (<220 nm) and zeta potential values of −15 to −7 mV. DTX and/or TRQ was successfully encapsulated in NLC samples (>95% encapsulation efficiency and 73–78 µg/mg drug loading). In vitro cytotoxicity was concentration-dependent; D^T-PRN exhibited the highest MDR reversal efficiency, with the lowest combination index value, and increased the cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF7/ADR cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. A competitive cellular uptake assay using fluorescent probes showed that, compared to the dual nanocarrier system, the single nanocarrier system exhibited better intracellular delivery efficiency of multiple probes to target cells. In the MCF7/ADR-xenografted mouse models, simultaneous DTX and TRQ delivery using D^T-PRN significantly suppressed tumor growth as compared to other treatments. A single co-loaded system for PRN-based co-delivery of DTX/TRQ (1:1, w/w) constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Kneele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Min Jeong Lyu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Sadeghzadeh F, Motavalizadehkakhky A, Mehrzad J, Zhiani R, Homayouni Tabrizi M. Folic acid Conjugated-Chitosan Modified nanostructured lipid carriers as promising carriers for delivery of Umbelliprenin to cancer cells: In vivo and In vitro. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Docetaxel Loaded in Copaiba Oil-Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as a Promising DDS for Breast Cancer Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248838. [PMID: 36557969 PMCID: PMC9788038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the neoplasia of highest incidence in women worldwide. Docetaxel (DTX), a taxoid used to treat breast cancer, is a BCS-class-IV compound (low oral bioavailability, solubility and intestinal permeability). Nanotechnological strategies can improve chemotherapy effectiveness by promoting sustained release and reducing systemic toxicity. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in their blend-of-lipids matrix, and imperfections prevent drug expulsion during storage. This work describes the preparation, by design of experiments (23 factorial design) of a novel NLC formulation containing copaiba oil (CO) as a functional excipient. The optimized formulation (NLCDTX) showed approximately 100% DTX encapsulation efficiency and was characterized by different techniques (DLS, NTA, TEM/FE-SEM, DSC and XRD) and was stable for 12 months of storage, at 25 °C. Incorporation into the NLC prolonged drug release for 54 h, compared to commercial DTX (10 h). In vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed the antiproliferative effect of CO and NLCDTX, by reducing the cell viability of breast cancer (4T1/MCF-7) and healthy (NIH-3T3) cells more than commercial DTX. NLCDTX thus emerges as a promising drug delivery system of remarkable anticancer effect, (strengthened by CO) and sustained release that, in clinics, may decrease systemic toxicity at lower DTX doses.
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Kamalkazemi E, Dehghan G, Abedi-Gaballu F, Babaei E, Baradaran B. Umbelliprenin-loaded nanostructured lipid: A novel approach for inducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by altering the p53, survivin, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sadeghi S, Homayouni Tabrizi M, Farhadi A. Folic acid-Chitosan Coated Stylosin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Fabrication, In Vitro-In Vivo Assessment in Breast Malignant Cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE, POLYMER EDITION 2022; 34:791-809. [PMID: 36345914 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2145868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of targeted nanostructure lipid carriers for stylosin (STY-CFN-NPs) delivery to MCF-7 cells. STY-CFN-NPs were formulated via the homogenization and ultra-sonication technique. After evaluating the amount of drug encapsulation and FA binding, the toxicity effect of the STY and STY-CFN-NPs on MCF-7 cells was measured by the MTT method. Cell cycle analysis, AO/PI staining and qPCR to assess the inducing of apoptosis as well as Tubo cancer cell inoculated mouse model for antitumor properties of STY-CFN-NPs were used. Significant increases in nanoparticle size and changes in zeta potential were observed after FA-CS coating on nanoparticles. Slow release of the STY within 144 h as well as the acceptable rate for STY encapsulation efficiency (92.4% and FA binding (52.5%) to the STY-CFN-NPs (PS: 66.26 ± 3.02 nm, ZP: 29.54 ± 1.01 mV and PDI: 0.32 ± 0.01) was reported. STY-CFN-NPs exhibited higher toxicity compared to STY suspension and treatment with STY-CFN-NPs was lead to increased apoptotic cells, stopped cells in the SubG1 phase, and also increased caspase and BAX expression and decreased BCL-2 and BCL-XL expression in in vitro and decreased the size of murine tumors (54.57% in 16 days) in in vivo. The results showed STY-CFN-NPs have good potential for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amin Farhadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Peptide-Based Bioconjugates and Therapeutics for Targeted Anticancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071378. [PMID: 35890274 PMCID: PMC9320687 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With rapidly growing knowledge in bioinformatics related to peptides and proteins, amino acid-based drug-design strategies have recently gained importance in pharmaceutics. In the past, peptide-based biomedicines were not widely used due to the associated severe physiological problems, such as low selectivity and rapid degradation in biological systems. However, various interesting peptide-based therapeutics combined with drug-delivery systems have recently emerged. Many of these candidates have been developed for anticancer therapy that requires precisely targeted effects and low toxicity. These research trends have become more diverse and complex owing to nanomedicine and antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), showing excellent therapeutic efficacy. Various newly developed peptide–drug conjugates (PDC), peptide-based nanoparticles, and prodrugs could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients. In this review, we provide valuable insights into rational drug design and development for future pharmaceutics.
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Kim CH, Kim BD, Lee TH, Kim HK, Lyu MJ, Yoon YI, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Synergistic co-administration of docetaxel and curcumin to chemoresistant cancer cells using PEGylated and RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers. Cancer Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A targeted co-administration system of docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CUR) using a PEG-modified RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carrier (P/R-NLC) was constructed to exert synergistic anticancer effects against chemoresistant breast cancer.
Results
DTX- or CUR-loaded NLCs and P/R-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification–evaporation method. NLCs showed homogeneous spherical morphology with nano-sized dispersion (< 210 nm) with zeta potential varying from − 16.4 to − 19.9 mV. DTX or CUR was successfully encapsulated in the NLCs: encapsulation efficiency (> 95%); drug loading (8 − 18%). All NLC formulations were stable for 4 weeks under the storage conditions at 4 °C. Drug release was diffusion-controlled, revealing the best fit to the Higuchi equation. DTX- or CUR-loaded formulations showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The DTX/CUR combination (1:3 w/w) in P/R-NLC formulations exhibited the strongest synergism in both MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells with combination index values of 0.286 and 0.130, respectively. Co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-P/R-NLCs increased apoptosis in both cell lines exhibited the superior synergistic inhibitory effect on MCF7/ADR three-dimensional spheroids. Finally, in OVCAR3-xenografted mouse models, co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-loaded P/R-NLCs significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the other treatment groups.
Conclusions
Co-administration of DTX/CUR (1:3 w/w) using P/R-NLCs induced a synergistic effect against chemoresistant cancer cells.
Graphical Abstract
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Kim CH, Lee TH, Kim BD, Kim HK, Lyu MJ, Jung HM, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Co-administration of tariquidar using functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers overcomes resistance to docetaxel in multidrug resistant MCF7/ADR cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Garg J, Pathania K, Sah SP, Pawar SV. Nanostructured lipid carriers: a promising drug carrier for targeting brain tumours. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent years, the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine has transformed the pharmaceutical industry with the development of novel drug delivery systems that overcome the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery systems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), also known as the second-generation lipid nanocarriers, are one such efficient and targeted drug delivery system that has gained immense attention all across due to their myriad advantages and applications. Scientific advancements have revolutionized our health system, but still, brain diseases like brain tumour have remained formidable owing to poor prognosis and the challenging drug delivery to the brain tissue. In this review, we highlighted the application and potential of NLCs in brain-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.
Main body
NLCs are lipid-based formulations with a solid matrix at room temperature and offer advantages like enhanced stability, low toxicity, increased shelf life, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility over other conventional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles. This review meticulously articulates the structure, classification, components, and various methods of preparation exemplified with various research studies along with their advantages and disadvantages. The concept of drug loading and release has been discussed followed by a brief about stability and strategies to improve stability of NLCs. The review also summarizes various in vitro and in vivo research studies on NLCs encapsulated with cytotoxic drugs and their potential application in brain-specific drug delivery.
Conclusion
NLCs are employed as an important carrier for the delivery of food, cosmetics, and medicines and recently have been used in brain targeting, cancer, and gene therapy. However, in this review, the applications and importance of NLCs in targeting brain tumour have been discussed in detail stating examples of various research studies conducted in recent years. In addition, to shed light on the promising role of NLCs, the current clinical status of NLCs has also been summarized.
Graphical Abstract
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Glioblastoma multiforme targeted delivery of docetaxel using bevacizumab-modified nanostructured lipid carriers impair in vitro cell growth and in vivo tumor progression. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121682. [PMID: 35307470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain cancer, characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug with promising anti-tumor properties. However, conventional intravenous formulations exhibit side effects of systemic biodistribution and low brain bioavailability, limiting their clinical use. The current work aimed to evaluate the effect of DTX-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) functionalized with bevacizumab (BVZ-NLC-DTX) against GBM using in vitro and in vivo models. The NLC was obtained by the fusion-emulsification method followed by sonication, with narrow size distribution, negative zeta potential, and low polydispersity index. NLC showed DTX entrapment efficiency above 90%. BVZ coupling efficiency was 62% and BVZ integrity after functionalization was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Calorimetry studies confirmed thermal stability and molecular dispersion of DTX in the lipid matrix. NLC showed a sustained DTX release over 84 h. In vitro anti-tumor assays shown that BVZ-NLC-DTX selectively increased the cytotoxic of DTX in cells overexpressing VEGF (U87MG and A172), but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), promoting cell death by apoptosis. BVZ functionalization did not impair cellular uptake. An in vivo orthotopic rat model demonstrated that free-DTX was not capable of reducing tumor growth whereas BVZ-NLC-DTX reduced up to 70% tumor volume after 15-days of treatment. Therefore, this study contributes to understanding new nanotechnology-based vehicles capable of reaching the brain more efficiently and repurposing the use of anti-cancer drugs in GBM treatment.
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Xu Y, Yao Y, Wang L, Chen H, Tan N. Hyaluronic Acid Coated Liposomes Co-Delivery of Natural Cyclic Peptide RA-XII and Mitochondrial Targeted Photosensitizer for Highly Selective Precise Combined Treatment of Colon Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4929-4942. [PMID: 34326635 PMCID: PMC8314934 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s311577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural cyclopeptide RA-XII, isolated from Rubia yunnanensis, is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer. The photosensitizer protoporphyrin-IX attached with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) could possess mitochondria targeting capacity and exert photodynamic therapy (PDT) by inducing oxidizing damage to the mitochondria and cell apoptosis eventually. In this work, pH-sensitive liposomes were constructed to simultaneously deliver RA-XII as a chemotherapeutic drug and modified porphyrin as a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer to treat colon cancer, and verified its mechanism of action and antitumor therapeutic efficacy. Methods The colon cancer targeting liposome nanoparticle RA/TPPP-Lip was synthesized using thin film hydration. The therapeutic effect and targeting ability of RA/TPPP-Lip was investigated in vitro. And use HCT116 cell allogeneic subcutaneous transplantation tumor model to investigate the anti-tumor and targeting effects of RA/TPPP-Lip in vivo. Results RA/TPPP-Lip gained the targeting ability through surface-modified HA to increase the accumulation of RA-XII and TPPP in colon cancer cells. A series of in vitro experimental results showed that TPPP produced cytotoxic ROS under laser irradiation to directly damage cell mitochondria and played a combined role with RA-XII, making RA/TPPP-Lip the best colon cancer cell growth inhibitory effect. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor experiments showed that the RA/TPPP-Lip substantially accumulated at the tumor site and efficiently repressed tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion We have successfully designed a new cancer-targeted nanomedicine platform (RA/TPPP-Lip) for the collaborative treatment of colon cancer, which can achieve the targeted continuous release of multiple therapeutic drugs. This work provides a new strategy for precise combination therapy, which may promote the further development of collaborative cancer treatment platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Huachao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
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de Araújo JTC, Duarte JL, Di Filippo LD, Araújo VHS, Carvalho GC, Chorilli M. Nanosystem functionalization strategies for prostate cancer treatment: a review. J Drug Target 2021; 29:808-821. [PMID: 33645369 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1892121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) has a high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide, and the current clinical guidelines can vary depending on the stage of the disease. Drug delivery nanosystems (DDNs) can improve biopharmaceutical properties of encapsulated anti-cancer drugs by modulating their release kinetics, improving physicochemical stability and reducing toxicity. DDN can also enhance the ability of specific targeting through surface modification by coupling ligands (antibodies, nucleic acids, peptides, aptamer, proteins), thus favouring the cell internalisation process by endocytosis. The purposes of this review are to describe the limitations in the treatment of PC, explore different functionalization such as polymeric, lipid and inorganic nanosystems aimed at the treatment of PC, and demonstrate the improvement of this modification for an active target, as alternative and promising candidates for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Delello Di Filippo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Sousa Araújo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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16
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Docetaxel: An update on its molecular mechanisms, therapeutic trajectory and nanotechnology in the treatment of breast, lung and prostate cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Kim CH, Kang TH, Kim BD, Lee TH, Yoon HY, Goo YT, Choi YS, Kang MJ, Choi YW. Enhanced docetaxel delivery using sterically stabilized RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: In vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119393. [PMID: 32376445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) has poor solubility, low specificity, and severe side effects. For efficient targeting of DTX to hepsin-overexpressing SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, PEGylated and RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were examined for in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy. DTX-loaded plain NLCs (DTX-pNLCs), RIPL-NLCs (DTX-RIPL-NLCs), and PEG-RIPL-NLCs (DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were prepared using a solvent emulsification-evaporation technique. DTX was successfully loaded with high encapsulation efficiency (>93%), and all NLCs showed homogeneous dispersion with zeta potentials varying from -17 to 15 mV. Drug release was biphasic: initial rapid release, then gradual release. In vitro cytotoxicity was time- and dose-dependent: DTX-RIPL-NLCs and DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited greater cytotoxicity, enhanced cell apoptosis owing to the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and increased activation of the mitochondria-related intrinsic apoptosis pathway compared to DTX-pNLCs. Pharmacokinetic experiments in male Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs increased the mean residence time of DTX but reduced total body clearance and volume of distribution. In a SKOV3-bearing xenograft Balb/c athymic mouse model, DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs suppressed tumors, evidenced by tumor volume change and histopathological examination. Thus, we conclude that PEG-RIPL-NLCs have an advantage of high payload of poorly water-soluble drugs and are a good candidate for drug targeting to SKOV3-derived ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung Deok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030288. [PMID: 32210127 PMCID: PMC7151211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of current standard chemotherapy is suboptimal due to the poor solubility and short half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as their high toxicity and lack of specificity which may result in severe side effects, noncompliance and patient inconvenience. The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and attracted increasing attention as a significant means for optimizing the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and enhancing their efficiency and safety profiles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based formulations that have been broadly studied as drug delivery systems. They have a solid matrix at room temperature and are considered superior to many other traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to their enhanced physical stability, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. This review focuses on the latest advances in the use of NLCs as drug delivery systems and their preparation and characterization techniques with special emphasis on their applications as delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents and different strategies for their use in tumor targeting.
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19
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Maleki A, Taheri-Ledari R, Rahimi J, Soroushnejad M, Hajizadeh Z. Facile Peptide Bond Formation: Effective Interplay between Isothiazolone Rings and Silanol Groups at Silver/Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10629-10639. [PMID: 31460161 PMCID: PMC6649058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proportional to considerable progress in protein-drug conjugations, attention to the efficient peptide coupling reagents is being increased. Hence, in this study, a versatile heterogeneous nanoscale reagent is presented for chemical, biological, and medical purposes. A combination of silver and silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag/Fe3O4) has been well functionalized with isothiazolone rings via a silver-modified Heck mechanism. An appropriate condition is provided for peptide bond formation through the surface interplay between silanol groups and the loaded isothiazolone rings. A logical mechanism including a series of successive covalent bonds onto the surface of Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposites is suggested for this catalyzed peptide bond formation. Accurate comparisons have been made to obtain the optimum value of the nanocatalyst and suitable conditions. As an additional application, the biological activity of the desired product has also been investigated through antibacterial assay tests. The results showed that our desired product could also be used as an effective heterogeneous nanoscale antibacterial agent for different purposes. In this regard, all of the essential structural and practical analyses have been carried out and precisely interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maleki
- E-mail: . Tel: +98 21 73228313. Fax: +98 21 73021584
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20
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Multivesicular Liposomes for the Sustained Release of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptides from Peanuts: Design, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091746. [PMID: 31060345 PMCID: PMC6539825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The multivesicular liposome (MVL) provides a potential delivery approach to avoid the destruction of the structure of drugs by digestive enzymes of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal system. It also serves as a sustained-release drug delivery system. In this study, we aimed to incorporate a water-soluble substance into MVLs to enhance sustained release, prevent the destruction of drugs, and to expound the function of different components and their mechanism. MVLs were prepared using the spherical packing model. The morphology, structure, size distribution, and zeta potential of MVLs were examined using an optical microscope (OM), confocal microscopy (CLSM), transmission electron cryomicroscope (cryo-EM) micrograph, a Master Sizer 2000, and a zeta sizer, respectively. The digestion experiment was conducted using a bionic mouse digestive system model in vitro. An in vitro release and releasing mechanism were investigated using a dialysis method. The average particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency are 47.6 nm, 1.880, −70.5 ± 2.88 mV, and 82.00 ± 0.25%, respectively. The studies on the controlled release in vitro shows that MVLs have excellent controlled release and outstanding thermal stability. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of ACE-inhibitory peptide (AP)-MVLs decreased only 2.84% after oral administration, and ACE inhibitory activity decreased by 5.03% after passing through the stomach. Therefore, it could serve as a promising sustained-release drug delivery system.
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Zhang J, Song J, Liang X, Yin Y, Zuo T, Chen D, Shen Q. Hyaluronic acid-modified cationic nanoparticles overcome enzyme CYP1B1-mediated breast cancer multidrug resistance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:447-464. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Enzyme CYP1B1 (CYP1B1) is usually overexpressed in multidrug resistance (MDR) breast cancer cells, which could metabolically inactivate docetaxel (DTX). Materials & methods: The cationic core–shell nanoparticles (hyaluronic acid/polyethyleneimine nanoparticles [HA/PEI NPs]) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) were developed and coloaded with DTX and α-napthtoflavone (ANF, a CYP1B1 inhibitor) to overcome MDR in breast cancer induced by CYP1B1. Physicochemical characterization, MDR reversing effect in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo of HA/PEI NPs were evaluated. Results: The HA/PEI NPs exhibited spherical morphology with size of (193.6 ± 3.1) nm. The HA/PEI NPs could reverse MDR effectively by downregulating the expression of CYP1B1. The HA/PEI NPs improved the bioavailability of DTX. Conclusion: The HA/PEI NPs might be a promising strategy to overcome CYP1B1-mediated breast cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunzhi Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Kim CH, Sung SW, Lee ES, Kang TH, Yoon HY, Goo YT, Cho HR, Kim DY, Kang MJ, Choi YS, Lee S, Choi YW. Sterically Stabilized RIPL Peptide-Conjugated Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Characterization, Cellular Uptake, Cytotoxicity, and Biodistribution. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E199. [PMID: 30360549 PMCID: PMC6321264 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a platform for hepsin-specific drug delivery, we previously prepared IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC peptide (RIPL)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) composed of Labrafil® M 1944 CS (liquid oil) and Precirol® ATO 5 (solid lipid). In this study, to prevent the recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified RIPL-NLCs (PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were prepared using PEG3000 at different grafting ratios (1, 5, and 10 mole %). All prepared NLCs showed a homogeneous dispersion (130⁻280 nm), with zeta potentials varying from -18 to 10 mV. Docetaxel (DTX) was successfully encapsulated in NLCs: encapsulation efficiency (93⁻95%); drug-loading capacity (102⁻109 µg/mg). PEG-RIPL-NLCs with a grafting ratio of 5% PEG or higher showed significantly reduced protein adsorption and macrophage phagocytosis. The uptake of PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs by cancer cell lines was somewhat lower than that of RIPL-NLCs because of the PEG-induced steric hindrance; however, the uptake level of PEG-RIPL-NLCs was still greater than that of plain NLCs. In vivo biodistribution was evaluated after tail vein injection of NLCs to normal mice. Compared to RIPL-NLCs, PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs showed lower accumulation in the liver, spleen, and lung. In conclusion, we found that PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs could be a promising nanocarrier for selective drug targeting with a high payload of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Si Woo Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ha Ra Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Dong Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Kim CH, Sa CK, Goh MS, Lee ES, Kang TH, Yoon HY, Battogtokh G, Ko YT, Choi YW. pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6661-6675. [PMID: 30425481 PMCID: PMC6204877 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) can facilitate selective drug delivery to hepsin (Hpn)-expressing cancer cells, but they exhibit low stability in the blood. Generally, biocompatible and nontoxic poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) can enhance NLC stability, although this may impair drug delivery and NLC clearance. To attain RIPL-NLC steric stabilization without impairing function, pH-sensitive cleavable PEG (cPEG) was grafted onto RIPL-NLCs (cPEG-RIPL-NLCs). METHODS Various types of NLC formulations including RIPL-NLCs, PEG-RIPL-NLCs, and cPEG-RIPL-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification-evaporation method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and cytotoxicity. The steric stabilization effect was evaluated by plasma protein adsorption and phagocytosis inhibition studies. pH-sensitive cleavage was investigated using the dialysis method under different pH conditions. Employing a fluorescent probe (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate [DiI]), in vitro drug delivery capacity of the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs under different pH conditions was also performed on Hpn-expressing SKOV3 cells and 3D-tumor spheroids. RESULTS All prepared NLCs showed homogenous dispersion (<220 nm in size) with a negative ZP (-18 to -22 mV), except for positively charged RIPL-NLCs (~10 mV), revealing no significant cytotoxicity in either SKOV3 or RAW 264.7 cell lines. cPEG-RIPL-NLC protein adsorption was 1.75-fold less than that of RIPL-NLCs, and PEGylation significantly reduced the macrophage uptake. PEG detachment from the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs was pH-sensitive and time dependent. At 2 hours incubation, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs and PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited comparable cellular uptake at pH 7.4, whereas cPEG-RIPL-NLC uptake was increased over 2-fold at pH 6.5. 3D-spheroid penetration also demonstrated pH-sensitivity: at pH 7.4, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs could not penetrate deep into the spheroid core region during 2 hours, whereas at pH 6.5, high fluorescence intensity in the core region was observed for both cPEG-RIPL-NLC-and RIPL-NLC-treated groups. CONCLUSION cPEG-RIPL-NLCs are good candidates for Hpn-selective drug targeting in conjunction with pH-responsive PEG cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Cheol-Ki Sa
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Min Su Goh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | | | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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