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Alavi MS, Asadpour E, Boroushaki MT, Fakharzadeh Moghadam O, Sadeghnia HR. Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity in rat cerebral cortical neurons and apoptosis in neuron-like N2a and PC12 cell lines. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:145-155. [PMID: 38265950 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241228622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
During recent decades, the application of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2-NP) has been expanded in various fields ranging from medicine to industry. It has been shown that ZrO2-NP has the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induce neurotoxicity. In the current study, we investigated the in vivo neurotoxicity, as well as, the cellular mechanism of ZrO2-NP toxicity on two neuronal-like cell lines, PC12 and N2a. PC12 and N2a cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of ZrO2-NP (0-2000 µg/ml) for 48 h. The apoptotic effect of ZrO2-NP was determined using annexin V/propidium iodide double staining (by flow cytometry), and western blot analysis of relative apoptotic proteins, including caspase-3, caspase-9, bax, and bcl2. Based on our results, ZrO2-NP at concentrations of 250-2000 μg/mL increased both early and late-stage apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expressions of cleaved-caspase-3 and -9 proteins and the bax/bcl2 ratio were significantly increased. In addition, oral administration of ZrO2-NP (50 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats for 28 days led to the loss of neuronal cells in the cerebral cortex. Taken together, our findings highlighted the role of apoptosis on cytotoxicity induced by ZrO2-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Asadpour
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Fakharzadeh Moghadam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Emad B, WalyEldeen AA, Hassan H, Sharaky M, Abdelhamid IA, Ibrahim SA, Mohamed HR. Yttrium Oxide nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptosis, and ferroptosis in the human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1151. [PMID: 38012585 PMCID: PMC10680179 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a lethal mammary carcinoma subtype that affects females and is associated with a worse prognosis. Chemotherapy is the only conventional therapy available for patients with TNBC due to the lack of therapeutic targets. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) is a rare earth metal oxide, whose nanoparticle (NPs) formulations are used in various applications, including biological imaging, the material sciences, and the chemical synthesis of inorganic chemicals. However, the biological activity of Y2O3-NPs against TNBC cells has not been fully explored. The current study was conducted to assess Y2O3-NPs' anticancer activity against the human TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the Y2O3-NPs. SRB cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), qPCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot were employed to assess the anticancer activity of the Y2O3-NPs. RESULTS Our results indicate favorable physiochemical properties of Y2O3-NPs (with approximately average size 14 nm, Zeta Potential about - 53.2 mV, and polydispersity index = 0.630). Y2O3-NPs showed a potent cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC50 values of 74.4 µg/mL, without cytotoxic effect on the normal retina REP1 and human dermal fibroblast HDF cell lines. Further, treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 Y2O3-NPs resulted in increased oxidative stress, accumulation of intracellular ROS levels, and induced DNA damage assessed by Comet assay. Upon Y2O3-NPs treatment, a significant increase in the early and late phases of apoptosis was revealed in MDA-MB-231 cells. qPCR results showed that Y2O3-NPs significantly upregulated the pro-apoptotic genes CASP3 and CASP8 as well as ferroptosis-related gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), whereas the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Y2O3-NPs are safe on normal REP1 and HDF cells and exhibited a potent selective cytotoxic effect against the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells through increasing levels of ROS generation with subsequent DNA damage, and induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Emad
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Hebatallah Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Abdelhamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Rh Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Kandikattu HK, Nagaraj G, Alahmadi TA, Alharbi SA, Shanmuganathan R, Brindhadevi K, Raghavendra VB. Nanofabrication of cobalt-tellurium using Allium sativum extract and its protective efficacy against H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in HaCaT cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115659. [PMID: 36906266 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Allium sativum (A. sativum)is well known for its therapeutic and culinary uses. Because of their high medicinal properties, the clove extract was selected to synthesize cobalt-tellurium nanoparticles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective activity of the nanofabricated cobalt-tellurium using A. sativum (Co-Tel-As-NPs) against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HaCaT cells. Synthesized Co-Tel-As-NPs were analyzed using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, EDAX, XRD, DLS, and SEM. Various concentrations of Co-Tel-As-NPs were used as a pretreatment on HaCaT cells before H2O2 was added. Then, the cell viability and mitochondrial damage were compared between pretreated and untreated control cells using an array of assays (MTT, LDH, DAPI, MMP, and TEM), and the intracellular ROS, NO, and antioxidant enzyme production were examined. In the present research, Co-Tel-As-NPs at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0μg/mL) were tested for toxicity using HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the effect of H2O2 on the viability of HaCaT cells was evaluated using the MTT assay for Co-Tel-As-NPs. Among those, Co-Tel-As-NPs at 4.0 μg/mL showed notable protection; with the same treatment, cell viability was discovered to be 91% and LDH leakage was also significantly decreased. Additionally, the measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased by Co-Tel-As-NPs pretreatment against H2O2. The recovery of the condensed and fragmented nuclei brought about by the action of Co-Tel-As-NPs was identified using DAPI staining. TEM examination of the HaCaT cells revealed that the Co-Tel-As-NPs had a therapeutic effect against H2O2 keratinocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttasiddaiah Rachitha
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India
| | - K Krupashree
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Geetha Nagaraj
- DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajasree Shanmuganathan
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Nasarudin NA, Razali M, Goh V, Chai WL, Muchtar A. Expression of Interleukin-1β and Histological Changes of the Three-Dimensional Oral Mucosal Model in Response to Yttria-Stabilized Nanozirconia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2027. [PMID: 36903142 PMCID: PMC10003861 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, advancement in ceramic-based dental restorative materials has led to the development of monolithic zirconia with increased translucency. The monolithic zirconia fabricated from nano-sized zirconia powders is shown to be superior in physical properties and more translucent for anterior dental restorations. Most in vitro studies on monolithic zirconia have focused mainly on the effect of surface treatment or the wear of the material, while the nanotoxicity of this material is yet to be explored. Hence, this research aimed to assess the biocompatibility of yttria-stabilized nanozirconia (3-YZP) on the three-dimensional oral mucosal models (3D-OMM). The 3D-OMMs were constructed using human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line (OKF6/TERT-2), co-cultured on an acellular dermal matrix. On day 12, the tissue models were exposed to 3-YZP (test) and inCoris TZI (IC) (reference material). The growth media were collected at 24 and 48 h of exposure to materials and assessed for IL-1β released. The 3D-OMMs were fixed with 10% formalin for the histopathological assessments. The concentration of the IL-1β was not statistically different between the two materials for 24 and 48 h of exposure (p = 0.892). Histologically, stratification of epithelial cells was formed without evidence of cytotoxic damage and the epithelial thickness measured was the same for all model tissues. The excellent biocompatibility of nanozirconia, as evidenced by the multiple endpoint analyses of the 3D-OMM, may indicate the potential of its clinical application as a restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziratul Adirah Nasarudin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Victor Goh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wen Lin Chai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Andanastuti Muchtar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Welle A, Rabel K, Schwotzer M, Kohal RJ, Steinberg T, Altmann B. Identification of Zirconia Particle Uptake in Human Osteoblasts by ToF-SIMS Analysis and Particle-Size Effects on Cell Metabolism. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4272. [PMID: 36500895 PMCID: PMC9736599 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the use of zirconia-based nano-ceramics is rising in dentistry, the examination of possible biological effects caused by released nanoparticles on oral target tissues, such as bone, is gaining importance. The aim of this investigation was to identify a possible internalization of differently sized zirconia nanoparticles (ZrNP) into human osteoblasts applying Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and to examine whether ZrNP exposure affected the metabolic activity of the cells. Since ToF-SIMS has a low probing depth (about 5 nm), visualizing the ZrNP required the controlled erosion of the sample by oxygen bombardment. This procedure removed organic matter, uncovering the internalized ZrNP and leaving the hard particles practically unaffected. It was demonstrated that osteoblasts internalized ZrNP within 24 h in a size-dependent manner. Regarding the cellular metabolic activity, metabolization of alamarBlue by osteoblasts revealed a size- and time-dependent unfavorable effect of ZrNP, with the smallest ZrNP exerting the most pronounced effect. These findings point to different uptake efficiencies of the differently sized ZrNP by human osteoblasts. Furthermore, it was proven that ToF-SIMS is a powerful technique for the detection of zirconia-based nano/microparticles that can be applied for the cell-based validation of clinically relevant materials at the nano/micro scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Welle
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rabel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwotzer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ralf Joachim Kohal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Kumari N, Sareen S, Verma M, Sharma S, Sharma A, Sohal HS, Mehta SK, Park J, Mutreja V. Zirconia-based nanomaterials: recent developments in synthesis and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4210-4236. [PMID: 36321156 PMCID: PMC9552756 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the whole scientific community has witnessed great advances and progress in the various fields of nanoscience. Among the different nanomaterials, zirconia nanomaterials have found numerous applications as nanocatalysts, nanosensors, adsorbents, etc. Additionally, their exceptional biomedical applications in dentistry and drug delivery, and interesting biological properties, viz. anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity, have further motivated the researchers to explore their physico-chemical properties using different synthetic pathways. With such an interest in zirconia-based nanomaterials, the present review focuses systematically on different synthesis approaches and their impact on the structure, size, shape, and morphology of these nanomaterials. Broadly, there are two approaches, viz., chemical synthesis which includes hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, microwave, solution combustion, and co-precipitation methods, and a greener approach which employs bacteria, fungus, and plant parts for the preparation of zirconia nanoparticles. In this review article, the aforementioned methods have been critically analyzed for obtaining specific phases and shapes. The review also incorporates a detailed survey of the applications of zirconia-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, the influence of specific phases, morphology, and the comparison with their counterpart composites for different applications have also been included. Finally, the concluding remarks, prospects and possible scope are given in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
| | - Shweta Sareen
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160 014 India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
- Department of UCRD, Chandigarh University Gharuan Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
| | - Shelja Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
- Department of UCRD, Chandigarh University Gharuan Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
| | - Harvinder Singh Sohal
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160 014 India
| | - Jeongwon Park
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Vishal Mutreja
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab-140 413 India
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Induced Apoptosis, DNA Damage, and Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Neurons by Upregulating LPA4/LPA6 Receptors. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1818758. [PMID: 36248188 PMCID: PMC9553454 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1818758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has disruptive effects on lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Recently, LPA has been reported to be involved in spinal cord neuronal injury and toxicity, promoting the pathogenesis of LSS. However, the exact effects of LPA on spinal cord neurons remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of LPA (18 : 1) on spinal cord neuronal cytotoxicity, apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. After clinical detection of LPA secretion, spinal cord neurons were treated with LPA (18 : 1); cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay, and LDH leakage was detected by LDH kit; cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; ROS production was measured by DCFDA staining and MitoSOX Red Staining; the activation of the Gα12/Gα13 signaling pathway was detected by serum response factor response element (SRF-RE) luciferase reporter gene; the relationship among LPA, LPA4/6, and ROCK was examined by western blotting. In spinal cord neurons treated with LPA (18 : 1), cellular activity decreased and LDH release increased. The Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) can attenuate LPA-induced apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress in spinal cord neurons. Moreover mechanistic investigation indicated that LPA (18 : 1) activates Gα12/13–Rho–ROCK2-induced apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress in spinal cord neurons by upregulating LPA4/LPA6 receptors. Further, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 attenuates the effects of LPA by downregulating LPA4/LPA6 receptors. Taken together, the possible mechanism by which LPA secretion in LSS patients aggravates patient injury was further elucidated using an LPA-induced spinal cord neuronal injury cell model in vitro.
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Bapat RA, Yang HJ, Chaubal TV, Dharmadhikari S, Abdulla AM, Arora S, Rawal S, Kesharwani P. Review on synthesis, properties and multifarious therapeutic applications of nanostructured zirconia in dentistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12773-12793. [PMID: 35496329 PMCID: PMC9044188 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst dental ceramics, nano zirconia (ZrNp) has shown exceptional developments in the field of dentistry in recent years. Zirconia is an oxide that possess superior optical, mechanical, and biological properties. As a novel nanoparticle, it has been widely used in various fields of dentistry due to its improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and stable structure. Provision of metal free solutions is one of the prime requirements in dental materials. Many metal alloys used extensively possess unaesthetic colors and display chemical interactions in the oral cavity encouraging use of zirconia for dental use. Use of ZrNp based ceramics has increased due to its resistance to corrosion, superior color matching that enhances esthetics and improved strength compared to conventional biomaterials. This review discusses the recent scientific literature on the synthesis, properties and types, applications, and toxicity of ZrNp in the field of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet A Bapat
- Faculty, Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia
| | - Ho Jan Yang
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Tanay V Chaubal
- Faculty, Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia
| | - Suyog Dharmadhikari
- Faculty, School of Dentistry, DY Patil Deemed to be University Navi-mumbai-400706 India
| | - Anshad Mohamed Abdulla
- Faculty, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suraj Arora
- Faculty, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Swati Rawal
- Faculty, Director, Predoctoral Periodontology, Marquette University Milwaukee WI 53201-1881 USA
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Jamia Hamdard New Delhi-110062 India https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DJkvOAQAAAAJ&hl=en +91-7999710141 +91-7999710141
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Beketova A, Theocharidou A, Tsamesidis I, Rigos AE, Pouroutzidou GK, Tzanakakis EGC, Kourtidou D, Liverani L, Ospina MA, Anastasiou A, Tzoutzas IG, Kontonasaki E. Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of YSZ Nanofillers for Dental Cements at Different Temperatures. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9110128. [PMID: 34821592 PMCID: PMC8619532 DOI: 10.3390/dj9110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles can be applied as fillers to improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of luting cement. The aim of this study was to synthesize yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles by the sol-gel method and to investigate their composition, structure, morphology and biological properties. METHODS Nanopowders of ZrO2 7 wt% Y2O3 (nY-ZrO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and were sintered at three different temperatures: 800, 1000 and 1200 °C, and their composition, size and morphology were investigated. The biocompatibility was investigated with human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), while reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated through fluorescence analysis. RESULTS All synthesized materials were composed of tetragonal zirconia, while nanopowders sintered at 800 °C and 1000 °C additionally contained 5 and 20 wt% of the cubic phase. By increasing the calcination temperature, the crystalline size of the nanoparticles increased from 12.1 nm for nY-ZrO800 to 47.2 nm for nY-ZrO1200. Nano-sized particles with good dispersion and low agglomeration were received. Cell culture studies with human gingival fibroblasts verified the nanopowders' biocompatibility and their ROS scavenging activity. CONCLUSIONS the obtained sol-gel derived nanopowders showed suitable properties to be potentially used as nanofillers for dental luting cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Beketova
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (A.E.R.)
| | - Anna Theocharidou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (A.E.R.)
| | - Ioannis Tsamesidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (A.E.R.)
| | - Athanasios E. Rigos
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (A.E.R.)
| | - Georgia K. Pouroutzidou
- School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.P.); (D.K.)
| | | | - Dimitra Kourtidou
- School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Liliana Liverani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Marcela Arango Ospina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Antonios Anastasiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13AL, UK;
| | - Ioannis G. Tzoutzas
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University, 10679 Athens, Greece; (E.-G.C.T.); (I.G.T.)
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (A.E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999517
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Almutairi B, Ali D, Yaseen KN, Alothman NS, Alyami N, Almukhlafi H, Alakhtani S, Alarifi S. Mechanisms of Apoptotic Cell Death by Stainless Steel Nanoparticle Through Reactive Oxygen Species and Caspase-3 Activities on Human Liver Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:729590. [PMID: 34631797 PMCID: PMC8497807 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.729590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles are widely used in pharmaceutical, agriculture, and food processing industries and in many other fields. However, the effect of stainless steel nanoparticles (SSNPs) remains unclear. So in this study, we evaluate the effect of SSNPs’ toxicity on human liver (CHANG and HuH-7) cell lines over 24 and 48 h. Methods: We have analyzed the quality, shape, and size of SSNPs using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The cytotoxicity and cell growth were determined by using the MTT and wound healing tests. The oxidative stress parameters were determined by measuring ROS generation and antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), due to SSNP exposure on human liver cell lines over 24 and 48 h. The confirmation of the apoptotic effect of SSNPs on livers cells was determined by the Western blot analysis for the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, bcl2, and p53, and real-time PCR for the expression of apoptotic genes, such as Bax, bcl2, caspase-3, and p53. Results: We have observed the dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis of SSNPs on both cells. The results showed that SSNPs induced cell toxicity, inhibited cell growth, GSH, and increased generation of intracellular ROS and SOD levels at higher concentrations of exposure in both cells. SSNPs showed an apoptotic activity with upregulation of Bax, caspase-3, and p53 and downregulation of the bcl2 gene expression in CHANG and HuH-7 cell lines. Moreover, the immunoblotting assay confirmed the apoptotic activity of SSNPs in cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that SSNPs showed toxic effects on human liver cells via activating the caspase-3 activity and they induced more toxicity in HuH-7 cells than in CHANG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah N Yaseen
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S Alothman
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Almukhlafi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alakhtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Almukhlafi H, Ali D, Almutairi B, Yaseen KN, Alyami N, Almeer R, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S. Role of Oxidative Stress in La 2O 3 Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in CHANG and HuH-7 Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3487-3496. [PMID: 34295157 PMCID: PMC8290194 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s302478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticles are extensively applied in pharmaceutical, agriculture, food processing industries, and in many other fields. In the current experiment, we have determined the mechanism of toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NPs) on human liver cell lines. Methods Before the investigation, we have characterized the size and shape of La2O3 NPs using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mean size of the La2O3 NPs was found 32 ±1.6 nm with a sheet-like shape. The cytotoxicity effect of La2O3 NPs for 24 h on CHANG and HuH-7 cells was determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Results The cytotoxicity was observed in a concentration-dependent manner in both cells but NPs were more toxic to HuH-7 than CHANG cells. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) and high green fluorescence was observed in HuH-7 cells than CHANG cells. Oxidative stress biomarker such as glutathione (GSH) was decreased and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased but SOD level was decreased in HuH-7 cells than CHANG cells. Apoptotic cells were determined by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Maximum percentage of the apoptotic cell was observed at 300 µg/mL in HuH-7 cells. DNA double-stranded breakage was observed by comet assay and maximum DNA damage was found in CHANG cells than HuH-7 cells at 300 µg/mL La2O3 NPs for 24 h. Conclusion Thus, this study demonstrated that La2O3 NPs were toxic to human liver cells and induced more toxicity in HuH-7 cells than CHANG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanouf Almukhlafi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah N Yaseen
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mehdikhani H, Aqababa H, Sadeghi L. Effect of Zirconium oxide nanoparticle on serum level of testosterone and spermatogenesis in the rat: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:765-776. [PMID: 33062922 PMCID: PMC7521169 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i9.7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zirconium nanoparticles are used as health agents, pharmaceutical carriers, and in dental and orthopedic implants. OBJECTIVE This studyaimed to investigate the effects of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the process of spermatogenesis in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats (150-200 gr), with range of age 2.5 to 3 months were used and divided into four groups of eight per each. The control group received 0.5 ml of distilled water and the three experimental groups received 50, 200, and 400 ppm doses of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles solution over a 30-day period, respectively. At the end of the experiment, tissue sections were taken from the testis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Serum concentration of testosterone was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In the experimental group receiving 400 ppm Zirconium oxide nanoparticles, the number of Spermatogonia cells (p ≤ 0.01), Spermatocytes (p ≤ 0.01), Spermatids (p ≤ 0.001), and sertoli and Leydig cells (p ≤ 0.05) showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Serum testosterone concentration did not change significantly in all experimental groups receiving Zirconium oxide nanoparticles compared to the control group. Experimental group received 400 ppm Zirconium oxide nanoparticles shrinkage of seminal tubules and reduced lumen space compared to control group. CONCLUSION Zirconium oxide nanoparticles are likely to damage the testes by increasing Reactive oxygen species production and free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heydar Aqababa
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Ladan Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
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Investigation of Cytotoxicity Apoptotic and Inflammatory Responses of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Ocimum sanctum Linn in Human Skin Keratinocyte (Hacat) and Human Lung Epithelial (A549) Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1835475. [PMID: 32855762 PMCID: PMC7443244 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1835475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pristine and engineered metal nanoparticles are widely applied in various fields of industry, and as consequences, they are useful as well as harmful to human health and environment. This study aimed at synthesizing the green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnNPs) using the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn and assessing its toxicity on human skin epidermal (HaCaT) and human lung epithelial (A549) cells. The synthesized green ZnNPs (gZnNPs) were characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The average size of gZnNPs obtained was 62 nm with a spherical shape. The effects of gZnNPs on the viability of HaCaT and A549 cells were investigated using tetrazolium salt (MTT) for 24 h. We have seen more reduction of cell viability of A549 cells in comparison to HaCaT cells. The induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using DCFDA assay and showed a slightly high intensity of green fluorescence in A549 than HaCaT cells. The different oxidative stress biomarkers such as ROS generation and lipid peroxide were increased, and GSH was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic and necrotic effect of gZnNPs in both cells was carried out using Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. More apoptotic and necrotic cells were found at a higher concentration of gZnNPs exposure. Also, we determined the effect of gZnNPs at the molecular level by evaluating the apoptotic and inflammatory markers, in which gZnNPs downregulated Bcl2 and upregulated Bax, caspase-3, and TNF-α in HaCaT and A549 cells. Ultimately, gZnNPs exerted toxicity and apoptosis in HaCaT and A549 cells.
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Bin-Jumah M, Al-Abdan M, Albasher G, Alarifi S. Effects of Green Silver Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Normal and Cancerous Human Hepatic Cells in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1537-1548. [PMID: 32210550 PMCID: PMC7074819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive use of metallic nanomaterials in different areas of agriculture and commercial products induce significant harmful effects on human health and the environment. In the current study, we synthesized an eco-friendly approach silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using root extracts of Beta vulgaris L. Methods The synthesized green silver nanoparticles (gAgNPs) were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The gAgNPs had a round shape and the mean size was 20−50 nm. The cytotoxic effects of gAgNPs were determined in human hepatic normal (CHANG) and cancer (HUH-7) cells by using tetrazolium salt (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays for 24 h. Results and Discussion It was clear from the observations of this experiment that higher concentrations of gAgNPs reduce cell viability. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by using DCFDA. The gAgNPs induced more ROS in the HuH-7 cells than in the CHANG cells. The fragmentation of DNA was evaluated by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis and the maximum DNA strand breakage was found at a higher concentration exposure of gAgNPs for 24 h. It is important to notice that the HuH-7 cells showed an increased sensitivity to gAgNPs than the CHANG cells. The apoptotic and necrotic effects of gAgNPs on both the cells were evaluated using annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. An increased count of apoptotic and necrotic cells was found following a higher concentration exposure of gAgNPs. The apoptotic protein expression in these cells due to gAgNPs exposure was determined using immunoblotting techniques and the level of Bcl2 was decreased. However, the expression of BAX and protein was increased in both cells. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that higher concentrations of gAgNPs may induce significant cytotoxicity and cause DNA damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monera Al-Abdan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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