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Mohd N, Razali M, Fauzi MB, Abu Kasim NH. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Assessments of 3D-Bioprinted Scaffolds for Dental Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12881. [PMID: 37629064 PMCID: PMC10454183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a unique combination of technological advances in 3D printing and tissue engineering. It has emerged as a promising approach to address the dilemma in current dental treatments faced by clinicians in order to repair or replace injured and diseased tissues. The exploration of 3D bioprinting technology provides high reproducibility and precise control of the bioink containing the desired cells and biomaterial over the architectural and dimensional features of the scaffolds in fabricating functional tissue constructs that are specific to the patient treatment need. In recent years, the dental applications of different 3D bioprinting techniques, types of novel bioinks, and the types of cells used have been extensively explored. Most of the findings noted significant challenges compared to the non-biological 3D printing approach in constructing the bioscaffolds that mimic native tissues. Hence, this review focuses solely on the implementation of 3D bioprinting techniques and strategies based on cell-laden bioinks. It discusses the in vitro applications of 3D-bioprinted scaffolds on cell viabilities, cell functionalities, differentiation ability, and expression of the markers as well as the in vivo evaluations of the implanted bioscaffolds on the animal models for bone, periodontal, dentin, and pulp tissue regeneration. Finally, it outlines some perspectives for future developments in dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhuda Mohd
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Dean Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Razali M, Chai WL, Omar RA, Ngeow WC. Contour Analysis of Three-Dimensional Peri-Implant Mucosal Model as an Endpoint Analysis of Photofunctionalization Effects on Implant Abutment Materials. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5529. [PMID: 37629819 PMCID: PMC10456501 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to examine the effect of photofunctionalization on the soft-tissue contour formed at the interface of various abutment materials using end-point analyses obtained from the three-dimensional oral mucosal model (3D-OMMs). METHODS Commercially pure titanium (CPTi), alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ), and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) made into discs shapes were classified into two groups: UV-treated (PTx) and non-treated (NTx). The materials in PTx groups were exposed to UV light for 12 min. Human gingival fibroblasts and TR146 epithelial cell lines co-cultured on the acellular dermal membrane were used to construct the 3D-OMM. After 4 days of culture, the discs were inserted into the holes prepared within the membrane of 3D-OMMs. The contour formed by the tissue was evaluated after 14 days of culture. RESULTS The UV treatment of abutment materials resulted in the formation of more non-pocket-tissue types among the PTx group (p = 0.002). Of all materials tested, soft tissue contour around YSZ showed higher scores for the non-pocket type in both non- and UV-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS The non-pocket type of tissue attachment was frequently found in all surfaces modified by photofunctionalization, particularly zirconia. The 3D-OMM can be used to evaluate the biological endpoints of implant surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wen Lin Chai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (W.L.C.); (R.A.O.)
| | - Ros Anita Omar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (W.L.C.); (R.A.O.)
| | - Wei Cheong Ngeow
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Nasarudin NA, Razali M, Goh V, Chai WL, Muchtar A. Expression of Interleukin-1β and Histological Changes of the Three-Dimensional Oral Mucosal Model in Response to Yttria-Stabilized Nanozirconia. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2027. [PMID: 36903142 PMCID: PMC10003861 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, advancement in ceramic-based dental restorative materials has led to the development of monolithic zirconia with increased translucency. The monolithic zirconia fabricated from nano-sized zirconia powders is shown to be superior in physical properties and more translucent for anterior dental restorations. Most in vitro studies on monolithic zirconia have focused mainly on the effect of surface treatment or the wear of the material, while the nanotoxicity of this material is yet to be explored. Hence, this research aimed to assess the biocompatibility of yttria-stabilized nanozirconia (3-YZP) on the three-dimensional oral mucosal models (3D-OMM). The 3D-OMMs were constructed using human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line (OKF6/TERT-2), co-cultured on an acellular dermal matrix. On day 12, the tissue models were exposed to 3-YZP (test) and inCoris TZI (IC) (reference material). The growth media were collected at 24 and 48 h of exposure to materials and assessed for IL-1β released. The 3D-OMMs were fixed with 10% formalin for the histopathological assessments. The concentration of the IL-1β was not statistically different between the two materials for 24 and 48 h of exposure (p = 0.892). Histologically, stratification of epithelial cells was formed without evidence of cytotoxic damage and the epithelial thickness measured was the same for all model tissues. The excellent biocompatibility of nanozirconia, as evidenced by the multiple endpoint analyses of the 3D-OMM, may indicate the potential of its clinical application as a restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziratul Adirah Nasarudin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Victor Goh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wen Lin Chai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Andanastuti Muchtar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Nik-Azis NM, Razali M, Goh V, Ahmad Shuhaimi NN, Mohd Nazrin NAS. Assessment of gingival thickness in multi-ethnic subjects with different gingival pigmentation levels. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:80-89. [PMID: 36089895 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Assessment of the thickness of gingival tissues using the probe visibility test is regarded as the method of choice during routine examinations. However, the probe visibility test has not been validated for patients with gingival pigmentation and its accuracy in populations with physiological gingival pigmentation is yet unknown. This study aims to evaluate different methods for the clinical assessment of gingival thickness in participants with varying levels of gingival pigmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Buccal mucosa of the maxillary right central incisor teeth of 171 participants was evaluated using four methods, which were direct measurements using calliper, transgingival probing method using an endodontic probe, and probe visibility method using Colorvue biotype probe (CBP) and UNC-15 probe. The pigmentation of the gingiva was assessed using the Dummett-Gupta oral pigmentation lesion index. RESULTS The average gingival thickness of the selected population was 1.22 ± 0.38 mm with a distribution of 70% thick and 30% thin gingiva. Transgingival and calliper methods showed good agreement and significant correlation (r = 0.229; p = .003). Visual assessment using CBP and UNC-15 probe showed poor agreement with the direct measurement methods. Gingival pigmentation significantly affected the probe visibility assessment, reducing the visibility of both the CBP (odds ratio [OR] = 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83-8.74) and UNC-15 probe (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.05-3.23) while controlling for thickness of the gingiva. CONCLUSION The probe visibility method using either CBP or the UNC-15 probe is affected by the degree of gingival pigmentation. Direct measurements using either a calliper or transgingival probing are recommended as methods to measure the gingival thickness in populations with gingival pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik-Madihah Nik-Azis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Goh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mohd N, Razali M, Ghazali MJ, Abu Kasim NH. Current Advances of Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Application in Dentistry: A Scoping Review. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15186398. [PMID: 36143709 PMCID: PMC9504181 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has emerged as an ideal approach to address the challenges in regenerative dentistry by fabricating 3D tissue constructs with customized complex architecture. The dilemma with current dental treatments has led to the exploration of this technology in restoring and maintaining the function of teeth. This scoping review aims to explore 3D bioprinting technology together with the type of biomaterials and cells used for dental applications. Based on PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this systematic search was conducted by using the following databases: Ovid, PubMed, EBSCOhost and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were (i) cell-laden 3D-bioprinted construct; (ii) intervention to regenerate dental tissue using bioink, which incorporates living cells or in combination with biomaterial; and (iii) 3D bioprinting for dental applications. A total of 31 studies were included in this review. The main 3D bioprinting technique was extrusion-based approach. Novel bioinks in use consist of different types of natural and synthetic polymers, decellularized extracellular matrix and spheroids with encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells, and have shown promising results for periodontal ligament, dentin, dental pulp and bone regeneration application. However, 3D bioprinting in dental applications, regrettably, is not yet close to being a clinical reality. Therefore, further research in fabricating ideal bioinks with implantation into larger animal models in the oral environment is very much needed for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhuda Mohd
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- DLima Dental Clinic, 44-A, Jalan Plumbum N7/N, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohd N, Razali M, Ghazali MJ, Abu Kasim NH. 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium Phosphates-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Animal Models: A Scoping Review. Materials 2022; 15:ma15072621. [PMID: 35407950 PMCID: PMC9000240 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional-printed scaffolds have received greater attention as an attractive option compared to the conventional bone grafts for regeneration of alveolar bone defects. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphates have been used as biomaterials in the fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the potential of 3D-printed HA and calcium phosphates-based scaffolds on alveolar bone regeneration in animal models. The systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases: Ovid, Web of Science, PubMed and EBSCOHOST, based on PRISMA-ScR guidelines until November 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (i) animal models undergoing alveolar bone regenerative surgery, (ii) the intervention to regenerate or augment bone using 3D-printed hydroxyapatite or other calcium phosphate scaffolds and (iii) histological and microcomputed tomographic analyses of new bone formation and biological properties of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphates. A total of ten studies were included in the review. All the studies showed promising results on new bone formation without any inflammatory reactions, regardless of the animal species. In conclusion, hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphates are feasible materials for 3D-printed scaffolds for alveolar bone regeneration and demonstrated bone regenerative potential in the oral cavity. However, further research is warranted to determine the scaffold material which mimics the gold standard of care for bone regeneration in the load-bearing areas, including the masticatory load of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhuda Mohd
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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Razali M, Ngeow WC, Omar RA, Chai WL. An In-Vitro Analysis of Peri-Implant Mucosal Seal Following Photofunctionalization of Zirconia Abutment Materials. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010078. [PMID: 33467486 PMCID: PMC7830892 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of epithelial and connective tissue attachment at the peri-implant-soft tissue region has been demonstrated to provide a biological barrier of the alveolar bone from the oral environment. This barrier can be improved via surface modification of implant abutment materials. The effect of photofunctionalization on creating a bioactive surface for the enhancement of the epithelial and connective tissue attachment of zirconia implant abutment's peri-implant mucosal interface using organotypic model has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the soft tissue seal around peri-implant mucosa and to understand the effect of photofunctionalization on the abutment materials. Three types of abutment materials were used in this study; yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), alumina-toughened zirconia, and grade 2 commercially pure titanium (CPTi) which were divided into nontreated (N-Tx) and photofunctionalized group (UV-Tx). The three-dimensional peri-implant mucosal model was constructed using primary human gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts co-cultured on the acellular dermal membrane. The biological seal was determined through the concentration of tritiated water permeating the material-soft tissue interface. The biological seal formed by the soft tissue in the N-Tx group was significantly reduced compared to the UV-treated group (p < 0.001), with YSZ exhibiting the lowest permeability among all materials. Photofunctionalization of implant abutment materials improved the biological seal of the surrounding soft tissue peri-implant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (W.L.C.); Tel.: +603-92897745 (M.R.); +603-79674548 (W.L.C.)
| | - Wei Cheong Ngeow
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Ros Anita Omar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Wen Lin Chai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (W.L.C.); Tel.: +603-92897745 (M.R.); +603-79674548 (W.L.C.)
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Tan OL, Safii SH, Razali M. Clinical Efficacy of Single Application Local Drug Delivery and Adjunctive Agents in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111086. [PMID: 33198248 PMCID: PMC7698182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to rank the clinical efficacy of commercially available single-application local drug delivery and adjunctive agents (LDAs) compared with subgingival mechanical debridement (SMD) in nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Randomized controlled clinical trials that compared LDAs against SMD alone or with placebo in adults (aged at least 18 years) diagnosed with periodontitis with a minimum of 6 months follow-up were included. A frequentist approach to random-effects network meta-analysis was implemented. The efficacies of the LDAs measured by probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain were reported as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The treatments were ranked according to their P-score. Four network meta-analyses suggested that sulfonic/sulfuric acid gel (PPD MD −1.13 mm, 95% CI −1.74 to −0.53, P-score 0.91; CAL MD −1.09 mm, 95% CI −1.58 to −0.61, P-score 0.95) and doxycycline hyclate gel (PPD MD −0.90 mm, 95% CI −1.50 to −0.30, P-score 0.93; CAL MD −0.84 mm, 95% CI −1.40 to −0.28, P-score 0.92) were the most effective in reducing PPD and gaining CAL in split-mouth and parallel studies, respectively (moderate certainty of evidence). LDAs have differing efficacies, but they present with possible clinical significance over SMD alone in NSPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Leng Tan
- Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Unit of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Syarida Hasnur Safii
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Unit of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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Mat-Baharin NH, Razali M, Mohd-Said S, Syarif J, Muchtar A. Influence of alloying elements on cellular response and in-vitro corrosion behavior of titanium-molybdenum-chromium alloys for implant materials. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 64:490-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Background:
Introducing tooth mobility simulation in laboratory studies can provide results with high accuracy and predictability.
Objectives:
This study aims to review in vitro methodologies replicating tooth mobility and provide a recommended approach for future laboratory models.
Methods:
Databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, BioMed Central and Chinese databases are searched, and twelve articles are included in the final review.
Results:
Simulation methods of tooth mobility involving socket enlargement, screw loosening, alveolar bone loss simulation and a combination approach are identified from the extracted data. The materials used in preparing artificial teeth, artificial sockets and periodontal ligament simulator are discussed with a focus on their limitations. The achieved degrees of mobility and the presence of the centre of rotation are also evaluated. A timeline of the review articles is constructed to understand the trend of the preferred methods in tooth mobility simulation.
Conclusion:
Future in vitro investigations can achieve clinical reliability, particularly for materials tested in the field of dental traumatology and periodontology, by recognising the importance of incorporating tooth mobility in laboratory studies. Improvised methods are proposed to ensure that potential laboratory models can resemble the actual oral environment.
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Tan OL, Safii SH, Razali M. Commercial Local Pharmacotherapeutics and Adjunctive Agents for Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Contemporary Review of Clinical Efficacies and Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:E11. [PMID: 31905889 PMCID: PMC7169417 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal infections tend to be site-specific, mostly confined to the periodontal pocket. With the surge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the trend is shifting towards other therapeutic modalities, especially locally delivered approaches that include other pharmacotherapeutic drugs and medical devices. This narrative review aimed to provide insights into the clinical efficacy of local drug delivery and adjunctive agents used in nonsurgical management of periodontitis. Electronic (PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE) and bibliographic searches of past systematic reviews were carried out to identify previous publications on the topic. Only relevant literature and randomized controlled trials published in English were selected. In addition, a literature review was developed based on the selected articles. Experimental drugs or agents were excluded. This review highlights the clinically proven and commercially available therapeutic agents related to the management of periodontal disease with comparisons of their clinical efficacies and challenges. A vast array of commercial local pharmacotherapeutic agents had been clinically tested, but the methodologies and clinical results varied within and between each agent used, causing difficulty in drawing conclusions and providing support to the superiority of one agent over another. Considering the benefit-cost ratio with the modest clinical results, the long-term usefulness of these agents remains debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Leng Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Unit of Periodontology, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Syarida Hasnur Safii
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Unit of Periodontology, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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Chin CH, Muchtar A, Azhari CH, Razali M, Aboras M. Improvement of Colloidal Stability in Colloidal Processing for Highly Translucent, Nanosized Zirconia. SAINS MALAYS 2018. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Leong CH, Muchtar A, Tan CY, Razali M, Chin CH. Sinteran Hidroksiapatit dalam Atmosfera Nitrogen untuk Peningkatan Sifat Mikrokekerasan. SAINS MALAYS 2017. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shamsuddin SA, Ramli R, Razali M, Baharin B, Sulaiman S, Hwei Ng M, Low CK, Jabar MNA, Nordin R, Yahaya N, Shukur SSA, Siar CH, Bt Hj Idrus R. Guided Bone Regeneration Using Autologous Plasma, Bone Marrow Cells and <I>β</I>-TCP/HA Granules for Experimental Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction in <I>Macaca fascicularis</I>. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2017.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Latifah M, Ab Aziz I, Ruwaida A, Nur Azlin G, Siti Aisyah A, Joanna C, Nur Shafini G, Fauziah M, Zaulia O, Razali M. Processing and handling of fresh-cut tropical fruits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2016.1141.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sulaiman NH, Ghazali MJ, Majlis BY, Yunas J, Razali M. Superparamagnetic calcium ferrite nanoparticles synthesized using a simple sol-gel method for targeted drug delivery. Biomed Mater Eng 2016; 26 Suppl 1:S103-10. [PMID: 26405858 DOI: 10.3233/bme-151295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The calcium ferrite nano-particles (CaFe2O4 NPs) were synthesized using a sol-gel method for targeted drug delivery application. The proposed nano-particles were initially prepared by mixing calcium and iron nitrates that were added with citric acid in order to prevent agglomeration and subsequently calcined at a temperature of 550°C to obtain small particle size. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by using an XRD (X-ray diffraction), which revealed the configuration of orthorhombic structures of the CaFe2O4 nano-particles. A crystallite size of ~13.59 nm was obtained using a Scherer's formula. Magnetic analysis using a VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer analysis), revealed that the synthesized particles exhibited super-paramagnetic behavior having magnetization saturation of approximately 88.3emu/g. Detailed observation via the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the calcium ferrite nano-particles were spherical in shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Sulaiman
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - M J Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.,Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - B Y Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - J Yunas
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - M Razali
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.,Department of Management office, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
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Jemat A, Ghazali MJ, Razali M, Otsuka Y. Surface Modifications and Their Effects on Titanium Dental Implants. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:791725. [PMID: 26436097 PMCID: PMC4575991 DOI: 10.1155/2015/791725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review covers several basic methodologies of surface treatment and their effects on titanium (Ti) implants. The importance of each treatment and its effects will be discussed in detail in order to compare their effectiveness in promoting osseointegration. Published literature for the last 18 years was selected with the use of keywords like titanium dental implant, surface roughness, coating, and osseointegration. Significant surface roughness played an important role in providing effective surface for bone implant contact, cell proliferation, and removal torque, despite having good mechanical properties. Overall, published studies indicated that an acid etched surface-modified and a coating application on commercial pure titanium implant was most preferable in producing the good surface roughness. Thus, a combination of a good surface roughness and mechanical properties of titanium could lead to successful dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jemat
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - M. J. Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - M. Razali
- Department of Peridontology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y. Otsuka
- Department of System Safety, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka-Cho, Nagaoka-shi, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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18
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Fu JF, Zhao YQ, Razali M, Bruen M. Response surface optimization of phosphorus species adsorption onto powdered alum sludge. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2008; 43:1100-1107. [PMID: 18569326 DOI: 10.1080/10934520802060159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to optimize adsorption conditions of powdered alum sludge (PAS) as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of three P-species (ortho-P, poly-P and organic-P) from wastewater using the response surface methodology (RSM). Initially, RSM in the basis of a 3-variable Box-Behnken design was used to determine the effect of pH (from 4 to 7), PAS mass (from 0.1 to 0.5 g) and PAS particle size (from 125 to 420 microm) on the response levels (removal efficiencies of the three P-species). Three response surface quadratic models in terms of three factors were then obtained from an analysis of the experimental data using a SAS computer package. Thereafter, the effect of each of the parameters on P removal for each of the three species was examined using the three-dimensional response surface. All three parameters (pH, PAS mass and PAS particle size) had a significant effect on the removal of each of the P species. Finally, optimal conditions for P species removal were determined at which the P-removals of 99.8% (for ortho-P), 94.9% (for poly-P) and 94.8% (for organic-P) were achieved, respectively. The results derived from the verification experiments agreed with that predicted by the models, confirming the suitability of the established models and the success of RSM in optimizing the PAS adsorption conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Fu
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhao YQ, Babatunde AO, Razali M, Harty F. Use of dewatered alum sludge as a substrate in reed bed treatment systems for wastewater treatment. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2008; 43:105-110. [PMID: 18161564 DOI: 10.1080/10934520701750264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two laboratory-scale simulated reed beds were investigated for the purpose of assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of using dewatered alum sludge as a possible substrate for wastewater treatment reed bed systems. One horizontal subsurface flow setup and one vertical flow setup were used. The horizontal flow system was planted with Phragmites australis while the vertical flow system was left unplanted. Thus, the latter was more akin to a sand filter system, but was examined with the potential use as a planted vertical reed bed system. The influent source used was farmyard wastewater. It is expected that the present study will provide the basis for long-term and large-scale trials in realizing the concept of integrating "waste" into treatment processes. Results obtained so far have shown that the dewatered alum sludge holds great promise as a low-cost resource media for use in reed bed treatment systems. Appreciable and stable performance was obtained during the continuous operation at high hydraulic, organic and phosphorus loadings. In particular, both wetlands achieved over 90% phosphorus removal, reflecting the significant advantage of this novel approach over conventional reed bed treatment systems. However, extensive research into possible surface clogging and possible release of some substances from the sludge to the treated effluent is necessary to ensure reliability of the system. This will help to make the alum sludge-based reed bed environmentally and economically justifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Zhao
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Zaman JQ, Yahaya N, Razali M, Ibrahim N, Nor GM, Ramli R. Autotransplantation of maxillary canine following removal of compound odontome: a case report. Singapore Dent J 2007; 29:41-45. [PMID: 18472529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Obstruction remains as an important cause of failure in the eruption of a tooth. In this article, a 15-year-old girl was presented with retained upper left primary canine (63) and first primary molar (64), while the contralateral permanent canine (13) and premolars (14 and 15) have erupted. Upon radiographic examination, a mass which was diagnosed later to be compound odontome was detected. The treatment consisted of surgical removal of the odontome, extraction of the primary canine (63) and left permanent canine (23), and transplantation of the permanent canine (23). The management of this case and the literature related to autotransplantation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Qamaruz Zaman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhao YQ, Razali M, Babatunde AO, Yang Y, Bruen M. Reuse of Aluminum‐based Water Treatment Sludge to Immobilize a Wide Range of Phosphorus Contamination: Equilibrium Study with Different Isotherm Models. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390701511531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Susuk, or charm needles, are inserted and worn subcutaneously in the face and other parts of the body, as they are believed to enhance beauty and youth, and for many other reasons such as treatment of headache, aches and pains in the joints, back or abdomen. The practice of inserting susuk is a traditional belief, genuinely cultural and superstitious, and common in the south-east Asian region. We present 13 cases of susuk, which was found incidentally on the radiographs as the patients came for various types of treatment at our centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Nor
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Razali M, Palmer RM, Coward P, Wilson RF. A retrospective study of periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers. Br Dent J 2005; 198:495-8; discussion 485. [PMID: 15849588 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4812253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking has been associated with increased risk of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal disease severity of adult heavy smokers and never-smokers referred for assessment and treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS A random sample of patients with at least 20 teeth, stratified for smoking and age (5-year blocks, 35 to 55 years), was selected from an original referral population of 1,221 subjects with chronic adult periodontitis. Adequate records for 59 never-smokers and 44 subjects who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day were retrieved. The percentage of alveolar bone support was measured from dental panoramic radiographs with a Schei ruler at x3 magnification with the examiner unaware of the smoking status. Probing depths at six sites per tooth were obtained from the initial consultation. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age between groups. Smokers had fewer teeth (p<0.001), fewer shallow pockets (p<0.001) and more deep probing depths (p<0.001). The differences were greater in subjects 45 years of age and over. In this age group, smokers had approximately 13% more bone loss, 15% more pockets in the 4-6 mm category and 7% more pockets in the >/= 7 mm category than the never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that smokers had evidence of more severe periodontal disease than never-smokers. The differences increased with age confirming an exposure-related response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Razali
- Dental Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
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Yeoh E, Razali M, O'Brien PC. Radiation therapy for early stage seminoma of the testis. Analysis of survival and gastrointestinal toxicity in patients treated with modern megavoltage techniques over 10 years. Australas Radiol 1993; 37:367-9. [PMID: 8257337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1993.tb00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-seven patients treated with megavoltage irradiation to the para-aortic and/or pelvic nodal areas, for stage I and non-bulky (< 5 cm) stage II seminoma of the testis, were studied at the Royal Adelaide Hospital from 1981 to 1990. The aim was not only to assess overall and relapse-free survival, but also early and late gastrointestinal toxicity in a group of patients treated in a uniform manner using modern techniques. The 10 year actuarial survival was 96.1% for all patients, being 95.6% for stage I and 100% for stage II. The 10 year actuarial complication rate for all late gastrointestinal effects was 9.1%. This consisted of a 6.5% risk of peptic ulceration and a 2.6% risk of chronic diarrhoea at 10 years. At least one acute gastrointestinal effect occurred during radiotherapy in the vast majority of patients (90.9%). Analysis of the effect of age (< or = 34 years vs > 34 years), stage (I vs II) and dose of radiation (< or = 30 Gy vs > 30 Gy), showed none of these variables to have a significant influence on overall survival or on the incidence of late complications. The results of these findings are discussed in the light of recent studies of a surveillance policy following orchidectomy for stage I seminoma of the testis. Given that gastrointestinal toxicity is the major toxicity associated with the treatment of stage I patients, the data from this study should assist clinicians and their patients to arrive at an informed decision regarding adjuvant radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yeoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
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