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Hu C, Garey KW. Microscopy methods for Clostridioides difficile. Anaerobe 2024; 86:102822. [PMID: 38341023 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Microscopic technologies including light and fluorescent, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cryo-electron microscopy have been widely utilized to visualize Clostridioides difficile at the molecular, cellular, community, and structural biology level. This comprehensive review summarizes the microscopy tools (fluorescent and reporter system) in their use to study different aspects of C. difficile life cycle and virulence (sporulation, germination) or applications (detection of C. difficile or use of antimicrobials). With these developing techniques, microscopy tools will be able to find broader applications and address more challenging questions to study C. difficile and C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Hu
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin W Garey
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Draviana HT, Fitriannisa I, Khafid M, Krisnawati DI, Widodo, Lai CH, Fan YJ, Kuo TR. Size and charge effects of metal nanoclusters on antibacterial mechanisms. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:428. [PMID: 37968705 PMCID: PMC10648733 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials, specifically metal nanoclusters (NCs), are gaining attention as a promising class of antibacterial agents. Metal NCs exhibit antibacterial properties due to their ultrasmall size, extensive surface area, and well-controlled surface ligands. The antibacterial mechanisms of metal NCs are influenced by two primary factors: size and surface charge. In this review, we summarize the impacts of size and surface charge of metal NCs on the antibacterial mechanisms, their interactions with bacteria, and the factors that influence their antibacterial effects against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we highlight the mechanisms that occur when NCs are negatively or positively charged, and provide examples of their applications as antibacterial agents. A better understanding of relationships between antibacterial activity and the properties of metal NCs will aid in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials for the development of effective antibacterial agents against bacterial infections. Based on the remarkable achievements in the design of metal NCs, this review also presents conclusions on current challenges and future perspectives of metal NCs for both fundamental investigations and practical antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanny Tika Draviana
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Istikhori Fitriannisa
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Muhamad Khafid
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwivery, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, 60237, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ika Krisnawati
- Dharma Husada Nursing Academy, Kediri, 64117, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Health Analyst, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, 60237, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Widodo
- Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pomosda, Nganjuk, 64483, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Chien-Hung Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Center for Precision Health and Quantitative Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Rong Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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3
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Wang L, Zheng W, Zhong L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Hou Q, Yu P, Jiang X. Phenylboronic Acid-Modified Gold Nanoclusters as a Nanoantibiotic to Treat Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis-Caused Infections. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19685-19695. [PMID: 37815027 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin is one of the last lines of defense against certain drug-resistant bacteria-caused infections. However, the high susceptibility to drug resistance and high toxicity seriously limit the application of vancomycin. Nanoantibiotics provide opportunities to solve these problems. Herein, we present mercaptophenylboronic acid (MBA)-modified gold nanoclusters with well-defined molecular formulas and structure (Au44(MBA)18) and excellent antibacterial activities against various drug-resistant bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). Au44(MBA)18 interacts with bacteria by first attaching to teichoic-acid and destroying the cell wall and subsequently binding to the bacterial DNA. Au44(MBA)18 could be administered via multiple routes and has a high biosafety (500 mg/kg, no ototoxicity), overcoming the two major shortcomings of vancomycin (sole administration route and high ototoxicity). Our study is insightful for curing infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria using nanoantibiotics with high biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Leni Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkun Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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Naz F, Petri WA. Host Immunity and Immunization Strategies for Clostridioides difficile Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0015722. [PMID: 37162338 PMCID: PMC10283484 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00157-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents a significant challenge to public health. C. difficile-associated mortality and morbidity have led the U.S. CDC to designate it as an urgent threat. Moreover, recurrence or relapses can occur in up to a third of CDI patients, due in part to antibiotics being the primary treatment for CDI and the major cause of the disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses, and the link between innate and adaptive immune responses of the host against CDI. The other major determinants of CDI, such as C. difficile toxins, the host microbiota, and related treatments, are also described. Finally, we discuss the known therapeutic approaches and the current status of immunization strategies for CDI, which might help to bridge the knowledge gap in the generation of therapy against CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Naz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William A. Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Mutalik C, Saukani M, Khafid M, Krisnawati DI, Darmayanti R, Puspitasari B, Cheng TM, Kuo TR. Gold-Based Nanostructures for Antibacterial Application. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10006. [PMID: 37373154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections have become a fatal threat because of the abuse of antibiotics in the world. Various gold (Au)-based nanostructures have been extensively explored as antibacterial agents to combat bacterial infections based on their remarkable chemical and physical characteristics. Many Au-based nanostructures have been designed and their antibacterial activities and mechanisms have been further examined and demonstrated. In this review, we collected and summarized current developments of antibacterial agents of Au-based nanostructures, including Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au nanoclusters (AuNCs), Au nanorods (AuNRs), Au nanobipyramids (AuNBPs), and Au nanostars (AuNSs) according to their shapes, sizes, and surface modifications. The rational designs and antibacterial mechanisms of these Au-based nanostructures are further discussed. With the developments of Au-based nanostructures as novel antibacterial agents, we also provide perspectives, challenges, and opportunities for future practical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Mutalik
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Saukani
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB, Banjarmasin 70124, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Khafid
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya 60237, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Rofik Darmayanti
- Dharma Husada Nursing Academy, Kediri 64117, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Graduate Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Rong Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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6
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Lv Z, Li P, Zhang M, Wei F, Jin X, Hu Y, Guo Y, Liu D. Mining chicken ileal microbiota for immunomodulatory microorganisms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:758-774. [PMID: 36849630 PMCID: PMC10119185 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota makes important contributions to host immune system development and resistance to pathogen infections, especially during early life. However, studies addressing the immunomodulatory functions of gut microbial individuals or populations are limited. In this study, we explore the systemic impact of the ileal microbiota on immune cell development and function of chickens and identify the members of the microbiota involved in immune system modulation. We initially used a time-series design with six time points to prove that ileal microbiota at different succession stages is intimately connected to immune cell maturation. Antibiotics perturbed the microbiota succession and negatively affected immune development, whereas early exposure to the ileal commensal microbiota from more mature birds promoted immune cell development and facilitated pathogen elimination after Salmonella Typhimurium infection, illustrating that early colonization of gut microbiota is an important driver of immune development. Five bacterial strains, Blautia coccoides, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Fournierella sp002159185, Romboutsia lituseburensis, and Megamonas funiformis, which are closely related to the immune system development of broiler chickens, were then screened out and validated for their immunomodulatory properties. Our results provide insight into poultry immune system-microbiota interactions and also establish a foundation for targeted immunological interventions aiming to combat infectious diseases and promote poultry health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Romero-Rodríguez A, Martínez de la Peña C, Troncoso-Cotal S, Guzmán C, Sánchez S. Emerging alternatives against Clostridioides difficile infection. Anaerobe 2022; 78:102638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Wang C, Lu H, Li X, Zhu Y, Ji Y, Lu W, Wang G, Dong W, Liu M, Wang X, Chen H, Tan C. Identification of an anti-virulence drug that reverses antibiotic resistance in multidrug resistant bacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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9
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Zheng Y, Wei M, Wu H, Li F, Ling D. Antibacterial metal nanoclusters. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:328. [PMID: 35842693 PMCID: PMC9287886 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Combating bacterial infections is one of the most important applications of nanomedicine. In the past two decades, significant efforts have been committed to tune physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for the development of various novel nanoantibiotics. Among which, metal nanoclusters (NCs) with well-defined ultrasmall size and adjustable surface chemistry are emerging as the next-generation high performance nanoantibiotics. Metal NCs can penetrate bacterial cell envelope more easily than conventional nanomaterials due to their ultrasmall size. Meanwhile, the abundant active sites of the metal NCs help to catalyze the bacterial intracellular biochemical processes, resulting in enhanced antibacterial properties. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in metal NCs as a new generation of antimicrobial agents. Based on a brief introduction to the characteristics of metal NCs, we highlight the general working mechanisms by which metal NCs combating the bacterial infections. We also emphasize central roles of core size, element composition, oxidation state, and surface chemistry of metal NCs in their antimicrobial efficacy. Finally, we present a perspective on the remaining challenges and future developments of metal NCs for antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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Yu X, Jiang W, Huang X, Lin J, Ye H, Liu B. rRNA Analysis Based on Long-Read High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals a More Accurate Diagnostic for the Bacterial Infection of Ascites. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6287280. [PMID: 34869767 PMCID: PMC8642000 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6287280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional pathogenic diagnosis presents defects such as a low positivity rate, inability to identify uncultured microorganisms, and time-consuming nature. Clinical metagenomics next-generation sequencing can be used to detect any pathogen, compensating for the shortcomings of traditional pathogenic diagnosis. We report third-generation long-read sequencing results and second-generation short-read sequencing results for ascitic fluid from a patient with liver ascites and compared the two types of sequencing results with the results of traditional clinical microbial culture. The distribution of pathogenic microbial species revealed by the two types of sequencing results was quite different, and the third-generation sequencing results were consistent with the results of traditional microbial culture, which can effectively guide subsequent treatment. Short reads, the lack of amplification, and enrichment to amplify signals from trace pathogens, and host background noise may be the reasons for the high error in the second-generation short-read sequencing results. Therefore, we propose that long-read-based rRNA analysis technology is superior to the short-read shotgun-based metagenomics method in the identification of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xinhui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hanhui Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Baorong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Zhang M, Shao S, Yue H, Wang X, Zhang W, Chen F, Zheng L, Xing J, Qin Y. High Stability Au NPs: From Design to Application in Nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6067-6094. [PMID: 34511906 PMCID: PMC8418318 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s322900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Au-based nanomaterials are widely used in nanomedicine and biosensors due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, these applications require Au NPs to have excellent stability in different environments, such as extreme pH, high temperature, high concentration ions, and various biomatrix. To meet the requirement of multiple applications, many synthetic substances and natural products are used to prepare highly stable Au NPs. Because of this, we aim at offering an update comprehensive summary of preparation high stability Au NPs. In addition, we discuss its application in nanomedicine. The contents of this review are based on a balanced combination of our studies and selected research studies done by worldwide academic groups. First, we address some critical methods for preparing highly stable Au NPs using polymers, including heterocyclic substances, polyethylene glycols, amines, and thiol, then pay attention to natural product progress Au NPs. Then, we sum up the stability of various Au NPs in different stored times, ions solution, pH, temperature, and biomatrix. Finally, the application of Au NPs in nanomedicine, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), clinical diagnosis, nanozyme, and radiotherapy (RT), was addressed concentratedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Zhang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxuan Shao
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yue
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xing
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Qin
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Wu X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shan Y, Peng Z, Gu B, Yang H. Au Nanoclusters Ameliorate Shigella Infectious Colitis by Inducing Oxidative Stress. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4545-4557. [PMID: 34267512 PMCID: PMC8275169 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella infection has always been a global burden, and it particularly threatens children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. Economically underdeveloped countries are dominated by Shigella flexneri infection. The most effective method to treat Shigella is antibiotics, but with the abuse of antibiotics and the prevalence of multidrug resistance, we urgently need a relatively safe non-antibiotic treatment to replace it. Ultrasmall Au nanoclusters (NCs) have special physical and chemical properties and can better interact with and be internalized by bacteria to disrupt the metabolic balance. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Au NCs may be a substitute for antibiotics to treat Shigella infections. Methods Au NCs and Shigella Sf301, R2448, and RII-1 were cocultured in vitro to evaluate the bactericidal ability of Au NCs. The degree of damage and mode of action of Au NCs in Shigella were clearly observed in images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vivo experiments were conducted to observe the changes in body weight, clinical disease activity index (DAI) and colon (including length and histopathological sections) of mice treated with Au NCs. The effect of Au NCs was analysed by measuring the content of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and Shigella in faeces. Next, the changes in Shigella biofilm activity, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the changes in metabolism-related and membrane-related genes, and the effect of Au NCs on the body weight of mice were determined to further analyse the mechanism of action and effect. Results Au NCs (100 μM) interfered with oxidative metabolism genes, induced a substantial increase in ROS levels, interacted with the cell membrane to destroy it, significantly killed Shigella, and effectively alleviated the intestinal damage caused by Shigella in mice. The activity of the biofilm formed by Shigella was reduced. Conclusion The effective antibacterial effect and good safety suggest that Au NCs represent a good potential alternative to antibiotics to treat Shigella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Shan
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Peng
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Gu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
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Zheng K, Setyawati MI, Leong DT, Xie J. Overcoming bacterial physical defenses with molecule-like ultrasmall antimicrobial gold nanoclusters. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:941-950. [PMID: 33102937 PMCID: PMC7560576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial in their biomedical applications. Although abundant studies on the size effects of metal NPs in the range of 2-100 nm have been conducted, the exploration of the ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (NCs) of ~1 nm in size with unique features is quite limited. We synthesize three different sized gold (Au) NCs of different Au atom numbers and two bigger sized Au NPs protected by the same ligand to study the size influence on antimicrobial efficacy. The ultrasmall Au NCs can easily traverse the cell wall pores to be internalized inside bacteria, inducing reactive oxygen species generation to oxidize bacterial membrane and disturb bacterial metabolism. This explains why the Au NCs are antimicrobial while the Au NPs are non-antimicrobial, suggesting the key role of size in antimicrobial ability. Moreover, in contrast to the widely known size-dependent antimicrobial properties, the Au NCs of different atom numbers demonstrate molecule-like instead of size-dependent antimicrobial behavior with comparable effectiveness, indicating the unique molecule-like feature of ultrasmall Au NCs. Overcoming the bacterial defenses at the wall with ultrasmall Au NCs changes what was previously believed to harmless to the bacteria instead to a highly potent agent against the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Magdiel I Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
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