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Zhang T, Liu J, Qi J, Sun L, Liu X, Yan J, Zhang Y, Wu X, Li B. Biosafety and chemical solubility studies of multiscale crystal-reinforced lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35400. [PMID: 38456343 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lithium disilicate (Li2 Si2 O5 ) glass-ceramics are currently a more widely used all-ceramic restorative material due to their good mechanical properties and excellent aesthetic properties. However, they have a series of problems such as high brittleness and low fracture toughness, which has become the main bottleneck restricting its development. Therefore, in order to compensate for these shortcomings, we propose to prepare a reinforced glass-ceramics with better mechanical properties and to test the biosafety and chemical solubility of the material. Li2 Si2 O5 whiskers were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, and multi-scale crystal-enhanced Li2 Si2 O5 glass-ceramics were prepared by reaction sintering. The biosafety of multi-scale crystal-reinforced Li2 Si2 O5 glass-ceramics was investigated by in vitro cytotoxicity test, rabbit pyrogen test, mice bone marrow micronucleus test, skin sensitization test, sub-chronic systemic toxicity test, and chronic systemic toxicity test. Additionally, the chemical solubility of multi-scale crystal-reinforced Li2 Si2 O5 glass-ceramics was investigated. The test results showed that the material was non-cytotoxic, non-thermogenic, non-mutagenic, non-sensitizing, and non-systemic. The chemical solubility, determined to be 377 ± 245 μg/cm2 , complied with the ISO 6872 standard for the maximum solubility of ceramic materials. Multi-scale crystal-reinforced Li2 Si2 O5 glass-ceramics' biosafety and chemical solubility met current normative criteria, and they can move on to mechanical property measurements (such as flexural strength test, fatigue life test, friction and wear property study, etc.) and bonding property optimization, which shows promise for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Qi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lingxiang Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Research Institute of Photonics, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bing Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
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Li Q, Feng C, Cao Q, Wang W, Ma Z, Wu Y, He T, Jing Y, Tan W, Liao T, Xing J, Li X, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zhu X, Zhang X. Strategies of strengthening mechanical properties in the osteoinductive calcium phosphate bioceramics. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad013. [PMID: 36915714 PMCID: PMC10008083 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely applied in the bone repairing field attributing to their excellent biological properties, especially osteoinductivity. However, their applications in load-bearing or segmental bone defects are severely restricted by the poor mechanical properties. It is generally considered that it is challenging to improve mechanical and biological properties of CaP bioceramics simultaneously. Up to now, various strategies have been developed to enhance mechanical strengths of CaP ceramics, the achievements in recent researches need to be urgently summarized. In this review, the effective and current means of enhancing mechanical properties of CaP ceramics were comprehensively summarized from the perspectives of fine-grain strengthening, second phase strengthening, and sintering process optimization. What's more, the further improvement of mechanical properties for CaP ceramics was prospectively proposed including heat treatment and biomimetic. Therefore, this review put forward the direction about how to compatibly improve mechanical properties of CaP ceramics, which can provide data and ideas for expanding the range of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Quanle Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yonghao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tinghan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yangtian Jing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenxuan Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tongxiao Liao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie Xing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | - Ye Wang
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yumei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Lu ZQ, Ren Q, Han SL, Ding LJ, Li ZC, Hu D, Wang LY, Zhang LL. Calcium Phosphate Functionalization and Applications in Dentistry. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The oral and maxillofacial hard tissues support the maxillofacial shape and serve as the foundation for functional activities. Defects in these tissues not only impair patients’ ability to perform their normal physiological functions but also have a significant negative impact
on their psychological well-being. Moreover, these tissues have a limited capacity for self-healing, necessitating the use of artificial materials to repair defects. Calcium phosphate is a fine-grained inorganic biomineral found in vertebrate teeth and bones that has a comparable composition
to human hard tissues. Calcium phosphate materials are biocompatible, bioactive, and osteogenic for hard tissue repair, despite drawbacks such as poor mechanical qualities, limiting their clinical efficacy and application. With the advancement of materials science and technology, numerous
techniques have been developed to enhance the characteristics of calcium phosphate, and one of them is functionalization. Calcium phosphate can be functionally modified by changing its size, morphology, or composition through various preparation processes to achieve multifunctionality and
improve physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential. The purpose of this review is to provide new ideas for the treatment of oralmaxillofacial hard tissue defects and deficiencies by summarizing the functionalization strategies of calcium phosphate materials
and their applications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-qian Lu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-li Han
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-jiang Ding
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-cheng Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luo-yao Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-lin Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Z, Xie L, Zhang B, Zhang G, Huo F, Zhou C, Liang X, Fan Y, Tian W, Tan Y. Preparation of BMP-2/PDA-BCP Bioceramic Scaffold by DLP 3D Printing and its Ability for Inducing Continuous Bone Formation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:854693. [PMID: 35464724 PMCID: PMC9019734 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.854693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing is suitable to fabricate bone scaffolds with small size and high precision. However, the published literature mainly deals with the fabrication procedure and parameters of DLP printed bioceramic scaffold, but lacks the subsequent systematic biological evaluations for bone regeneration application. In this work, a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) macroporous scaffold was constructed by DLP-based 3D printing technique. Furthermore, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was facilely incorporated into this scaffold through a facile polydopamine (PDA) modification process. The resultant scaffold presents an interconnected porous structure with pore size of ∼570 μm, compressive strength (∼3.6 MPa), and the self-assembly Ca-P/PDA nanocoating exhibited excellent sustained-release property for BMP-2. Notably, this BMP-2/PDA-BCP scaffold presents favorable effects on the adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, in vivo experiments conducted on rats demonstrated that the scaffolds could induce cell layer aggregation adjacent to the scaffolds and continuous new bone generation within the scaffold. Collectively, this work demonstrated that the BMP-2/PDA-BCP scaffold is of immense potential to treat small craniofacial bone defects in demand of high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghui Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao R, Shang T, Yuan B, Zhu X, Zhang X, Yang X. Osteoporotic bone recovery by a bamboo-structured bioceramic with controlled release of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:379-393. [PMID: 35386445 PMCID: PMC8964988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While most bone defects can be repaired spontaneously, the healing process can be complicated due to insufficient bone regeneration when osteoporosis occurs. Synthetic materials that intrinsically stimulate bone formation without inclusion of exogenous cells or growth factors represent a highly desirable alternative to current grafting strategies for the management of osteoporotic defects. Herein, we developed a series of hydroxyapatite bioceramics composed of a microwhiskered scaffold (wHA) reinforced with multiple layers of releasable hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA). These novel bioceramics (nwHA) are tunable to optimize the loading amount of nHA for osteoporotic bone formation. The utility of nwHA bioceramics for the proliferation or differentiation of osteoporotic osteoblasts in vitro is demonstrated. A much more compelling response is seen when bioceramics are implanted in critical-sized femur defects in osteoporotic rats, as nwHA bioceramics promote significantly higher bone regeneration and delay adjacent bone loss. Moreover, the nwHA bioceramics loaded with a moderate amount of nHA can induce new bone formation with a higher degree of ossification and homogenization. Two types of osteogenesis inside the nwHA bioceramic pores were discovered for the first time, depending on the direction of growth of the new bone. The current study recommends that these tailored hybrid micro/nanostructured bioceramics represent promising candidates for osteoporotic bone repair.
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Li X, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Feng C, Yang X, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Zhu X, Liu L, Song Y, Zhang X. Enhanced bone regenerative properties of calcium phosphate ceramic granules in rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion through a reduction of grain size. Bioact Mater 2021; 11:90-106. [PMID: 34938915 PMCID: PMC8665272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoinductivity is a crucial factor to determine the success and efficiency of posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF) by employing calcium phosphate (Ca-P) bioceramics. In this study, three kinds of Ca-P ceramics with microscale to nanoscale gain size (BCP-control, BCP-micro and BCP-nano) were prepared and their physicochemical properties were characterized. BCP-nano had the spherical shape and nanoscale gain size, BCP-micro had the spherical shape and microscale gain size, and BCP-control (BAM®) had the irregular shape and microscale gain size. The obtained BCP-nano with specific nanotopography could well regulate in vitro protein adsorption and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3 cells. In vivo rabbit PLF procedures further confirmed that nanotopography of BCP-nano might be responsible for the stronger bone regenerative ability comparing with BCP-micro and BCP-control. Collectedly, due to nanocrystal similarity with natural bone apatite, BCP-nano has excellent efficacy in guiding bone regeneration of PLF, and holds great potentials to become an alternative to standard bone grafts for future clinical applications. The nanocrystal of porous BCP ceramic spheres is similar to natural bone apatite. BCP nanoceramics is conducive to protein adsorption and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3 cells. Osteoindutivity of BCP ceramics is a crucial factor to determine the sucess and efficiency of PLF. BCP ceramic spheres with nanotopography hold great potential in clinical PLF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yonghao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Cong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linnan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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