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Wang M, Zhang YH, Zhou X, Zhou XH, Xu HS, Liu ML, Li JG, Niu YF, Huang WJ, Yuan Q, Zhang S, Xu FR, Litvinov YA, Blaum K, Meisel Z, Casten RF, Cakirli RB, Chen RJ, Deng HY, Fu CY, Ge WW, Li HF, Liao T, Litvinov SA, Shuai P, Shi JY, Song YN, Sun MZ, Wang Q, Xing YM, Xu X, Yan XL, Yang JC, Yuan YJ, Zeng Q, Zhang M. Mass Measurement of Upper fp-Shell N=Z-2 and N=Z-1 Nuclei and the Importance of Three-Nucleon Force along the N=Z Line. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:192501. [PMID: 37243656 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.192501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel method of isochronous mass spectrometry, the masses of ^{62}Ge, ^{64}As, ^{66}Se, and ^{70}Kr are measured for the first time, and the masses of ^{58}Zn, ^{61}Ga, ^{63}Ge, ^{65}As, ^{67}Se, ^{71}Kr, and ^{75}Sr are redetermined with improved accuracy. The new masses allow us to derive residual proton-neutron interactions (δV_{pn}) in the N=Z nuclei, which are found to decrease (increase) with increasing mass A for even-even (odd-odd) nuclei beyond Z=28. This bifurcation of δV_{pn} cannot be reproduced by the available mass models, nor is it consistent with expectations of a pseudo-SU(4) symmetry restoration in the fp shell. We performed ab initio calculations with a chiral three-nucleon force (3NF) included, which indicate the enhancement of the T=1 pn pairing over the T=0 pn pairing in this mass region, leading to the opposite evolving trends of δV_{pn} in even-even and odd-odd nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X H Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H S Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M L Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J G Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y F Niu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare isotope, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W J Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Q Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - F R Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Meisel
- Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - R F Casten
- Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8124, USA
| | - R B Cakirli
- Department of Physics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - R J Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Y Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Y Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W W Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H F Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - T Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S A Litvinov
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Shuai
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J Y Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y N Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Z Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y M Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X L Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J C Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y J Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Q Zeng
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - M Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li Q, Feng C, Cao Q, Wang W, Ma Z, Wu Y, He T, Jing Y, Tan W, Liao T, Xing J, Li X, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zhu X, Zhang X. Strategies of strengthening mechanical properties in the osteoinductive calcium phosphate bioceramics. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad013. [PMID: 36915714 PMCID: PMC10008083 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely applied in the bone repairing field attributing to their excellent biological properties, especially osteoinductivity. However, their applications in load-bearing or segmental bone defects are severely restricted by the poor mechanical properties. It is generally considered that it is challenging to improve mechanical and biological properties of CaP bioceramics simultaneously. Up to now, various strategies have been developed to enhance mechanical strengths of CaP ceramics, the achievements in recent researches need to be urgently summarized. In this review, the effective and current means of enhancing mechanical properties of CaP ceramics were comprehensively summarized from the perspectives of fine-grain strengthening, second phase strengthening, and sintering process optimization. What's more, the further improvement of mechanical properties for CaP ceramics was prospectively proposed including heat treatment and biomimetic. Therefore, this review put forward the direction about how to compatibly improve mechanical properties of CaP ceramics, which can provide data and ideas for expanding the range of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Quanle Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yonghao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tinghan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yangtian Jing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenxuan Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tongxiao Liao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie Xing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | - Ye Wang
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yumei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Liu T, Huang J, Liao T, Pu R, Liu S, Peng Y. A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Predicting Molecular Subtypes of Human Breast Cancer Using Multimodal Data. Ing Rech Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liao T, Maierdan SLM, Lv C. ROR1-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via targeting Wnt/β-catenin. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:217-223. [PMID: 31389604 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201908_18650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have discovered that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in malignant tumors. In this research, lncRNA ROR1-AS1 was selected to identify how it affected the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS ROR1-AS1 expression was detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in CRC tissue samples. ROR1-AS1 expression level and patients' overall survival time were analyzed. Functional experiments were conducted to identify the changes of biological behaviors in CRC cells after knockdown of ROR1-AS1. Moreover, we also explored the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Detection of ROR1-AS1 expression level in patients' tissues showed that ROR1-AS1 was higher in CRC tissues than that in adjacent ones. ROR1-AS1 expression was negatively associated with patients' overall survival time. Cell growth ability was inhibited due to knockdown of ROR1-AS1 in vitro. Moreover, cell migration and invasion abilities were repressed after ROR1-AS1 was knockdown. Furthermore, due to the knockdown of ROR1-AS1, the targeted proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were suppressed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that ROR1-AS1 could enhance cell metastasis and proliferation via inducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which might offer a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- Department of Anorectal Area, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
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5
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Liao T, Maierdan SLM, Lv C. ROR1-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via targeting Wnt/β-catenin. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:7561. [PMID: 32744666 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202007_22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "ROR1-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via targeting Wnt/β-catenin, by T. Liao, S.-L.-M. Maierdan, C. Lv, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (3 Suppl): 217-223-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201908_18650-PMID: 31389604" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/18650.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- Department of Anorectal Area, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Abstract
Ephedrine abuse has spread in many parts of the world and severely threatens human health. The mechanism of ephedrine-induced toxicity still remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate the effects of ephedrine treatment on the liver and explore the underlying mechanisms. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into saline and ephedrine groups. Rats were treated with ephedrine at 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg ( n = 10) by oral gavage daily for 7 days. Pathological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the liver functional markers, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure gene and protein expression, respectively. Our data showed that ephedrine treatment increased hepatocellular cell apoptosis and impaired liver function. Moreover, ephedrine treatment increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which may be due to the increase of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad3 expression. Our study demonstrated that short-term treatment of ephedrine caused liver toxicity in rats through regulating TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, China
| | - T Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, China
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7
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Zhao DD, Huang ZY, Hong LQ, Liao T, Tang YE, Na N, Li H, Miao B, Hua XF, Sun QQ. [Massive hemorrhage caused by fungal infections after donation-after-cardiac-death kidney transplantation: clinical features, prevention and treatment experience]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:1570-2. [PMID: 27266684 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.20.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the characteristics and prevention and treatment strategies of massive hemorrhage caused by fungal infections after donation-after-cardiac-death (DCD) kidney transplantation. METHODS A total of 91 cases of DCD kidney transplantation between August 25, 2013 and June 30, 2015 in Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Univservity were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of and prevention and treatments strategies for postoperative massive hemorrhage caused by fungal infections were summarized. RESULTS Ninety-one cases of DCD kidney transplantation were divided into 2 groups based on regimens for preventing postoperative fungal infections: fluconazole prophylaxis group: a total of 26 cases of renal transplant before June 11, 2014 received fluconazole regimen, from postoperative day 0 to 2 weeks; micafungin prophylaxis group: a total of 65 cases of renal transplant after June 11, 2014 received micafungin regimen, also for 2 weeks from postoperative day 0. Two cases in fluconazole group developed postoperative massive hemorrhage. In case 1, the hemorrhage occurred at 2 weeks after transplantation. Graft nephrectomy was performed during surgical exploration for hemostasis, yet the massive hemorrhage relapsed 2 weeks later. Endoluminal exclusion of external iliac artery using endovascular covered stent-graft at the anastomosis site was performed and the massive bleeding was successfully stopped. The patient was restored to hemodialysis and waited for second kidney transplantation. Candia albicans was detected in the culture of blood and drainage liquid from incision. The other case of hemorrhage occurred at 3 weeks after transplantation. Graft nephrectomy plus endovascular exclusion using covered stent-graft were also performed to stop the massive bleeding. Massive fungal hyphae and spores were observed at the stump of renal graft artery under microscope. The patient received second kidney transplantation after 6 months successfully. No massive hemorrhage caused by fungal infections occurred in micafungin prophylaxis group. CONCLUSIONS Massive hemorrhage cased by fungal infections after DCD kidney transplantation is usually characterized by delayed and recurrent course, and may result in graft nephrectomy or even death of patients. Endovascular exclusion using covered stent can successfully stop bleeding and rescue life of patients. Two-week preemptive prophylaxis of fungal infections using micafungin can effectively prevent delayed fungal massive hemorrhage in DCD kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Zhao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510760, China
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Zhu XH, Cheng SP, Liao T, Kang XY. Genetic diversity in fragmented populations of Populus talassica inferred from microsatellites: implications for conservation. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7899. [PMID: 27323095 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Populus talassica Kom. is an ecologically important species endemic to central Asia. In China, its main distribution is restricted to the Ili region in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. An understanding of genetic diversity and population structure is crucial for the development of a feasible conservation strategy. Twenty-six high-level simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened and used to genotype 220 individuals from three native populations. A high level of genetic diversity and low population differentiation were revealed. We identified 163 alleles, with a mean of 6.269 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.472 to 0.485 (with a mean of 0.477), and from 0.548 to 0.591 (mean 0.569), respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 93% variation within populations and 7% among populations. A model-based population structure analysis divided P. talassica into two groups (optimal K = 2). These genetic data provide crucial insight for conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, East Nongda Road, Urumqi, China
| | - S P Cheng
- Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - T Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - X Y Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhang GY, Wu LC, Liao T, Chen GC, Chen YH, Zhao YX, Chen SY, Wang AY, Lin K, Lin DM, Yang JQ, Gao WY, Li QF. A novel regulatory function for miR-29a in keloid fibrogenesis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:341-5. [PMID: 26566758 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence has shown that microRNA-29 (miR-29) plays a central role in the progression of fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of miR-29 in keloid fibrogenesis remain unknown. AIM To investigate the roles of miR-29 in dermal fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of keloids. METHODS Primary fibroblasts from 9 patients with keloid and 6 healthy controls (HCs) were cultured and pretreated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Next, fibroblasts were transfected with precursor miRNA and anti-miR-29a miRNA. TGF-β1-associated miR-29 alterations were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. Collagen I and collagen III protein levels were analysed by western blotting. RESULTS miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c levels were significantly lower in keloid compared with healthy fibroblasts (P < 0.05), and in particular, miR-29a was especially markedly reduced (P < 0.001). Type I and type III collagen mRNA and protein levels were decreased in keloid fibroblasts transfected with pre-miR-29a (P < 0.05), whereas knockdown with anti-miR-29a increased type I and type III collagen mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05) in the fibroblasts. Interestingly, pretreatment of fibroblasts with TGF-β1 significantly decreased miR-29a (P < 0.05), whereas miR-29b and miR-29c were reduced to a lesser extent, which was not significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that miR-29a exerts as a novel regulator in the fibrogenesis of keloid, suggesting that miR-29a might be a novel marker for keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Y Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L-C Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huang-Pu Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - G-C Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-H Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-X Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S-Y Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - A-Y Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - K Lin
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - D-M Lin
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J-Q Yang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - W-Y Gao
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Q-F Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang GY, Wu LC, Liao T, Chen G, Chen YH, Meng XC, Wang AY, Chen SY, Lin K, Lin DM, Gao WY, Li QF. Altered circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with keloid. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:152-5. [PMID: 26121920 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a crucial growth factor in regulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), plays a central role in keloid formation. However, the levels of circulating EPCs in patients with keloid have not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to determine the number of circulating EPCs in patients with keloid. Circulating EPCs (defined as CD45- CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+cells) and VEGF levels from 39 patients with keloid and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. EPCs were detectable in the peripheral blood of patients with keloid. The number of circulating EPCs and the levels of plasma VEGF were significantly higher in patients with keloid than in HCs. However, no correlation was found between the number of circulating EPCs and the serum VEGF levels. This study provides the first evidence that EPCs are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with keloid. Understanding the roles of EPCs in keloid fromation may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Y Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L-C Wu
- Department of Dermatology, the Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-H Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X-C Meng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - A-Y Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - S-Y Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - K Lin
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - D-M Lin
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - W-Y Gao
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Q-F Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D and its metabolites play an important role in calcium homeostasis, bone remodelling, hormone secretion, cell proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies also suggest a beneficial role of vitamin D in slowing the progression of tissue fibrosis. However, their effects on dermal fibrosis and keloids are unknown. Objectives To investigate the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis by keloid fibroblasts (KFs). METHODS KFs were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of 1,25D in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. KF phenotypes and protein production were analysed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Collagen synthesis was evaluated by measuring (3) H-proline incorporation. The effect of 1,25D on cell proliferation and viability was evaluated by Formazan assay, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and the colorimetric conversion of 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. RESULTS We confirmed the presence of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in cultured keloid fibroblasts. Fibroblasts transfected with a vitamin D response element reporter construct and exposed to the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25D showed increased promoter activity indicating VDR functionality in these cells. Incubation of KFs with 1,25D suppressed TGF-β1-induced collagen type I, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expression. 1,25D also modulated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induced by TGF-β1. Interestingly, 1,25D induced hepatocyte growth factor mRNA expression and protein secretion in keloid fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights key mechanistic pathways through which vitamin D decreases fibrosis, and provides a rationale for studies to test vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and/or early treatment strategy for keloid and related fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Zhang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Xueyuan West Road 109, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zhang GY, Yu Q, Cheng T, Liao T, Nie CL, Wang AY, Zheng X, Xie XG, Albers AE, Gao WY. Role of caveolin-1 in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis by keloid-derived fibroblasts in vitro. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:623-7. [PMID: 21375514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that caveolin-1 (cav-1) plays an important role in the regulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signalling and participates in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. However, its effects on dermal fibrosis keloids are unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of cav-1 in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis by keloid fibroblasts. METHODS Keloid fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of cav-1 cell-permeable peptides (cav-1p) in the presence of TGF-β1. Keloid fibroblast phenotypes and protein production were analysed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The effect of cav-1p on cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS Cav-1 was markedly decreased in the keloid-derived fibroblasts. Moreover, cav-1p significantly reduced TGF-β receptor type I levels and Smad2/3 phosphorylation in response to added TGF-β1. Additionally, TGF-β1 decreased cav-1 expression in human skin fibroblasts. Cav-1 was able to suppress TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix production in cultured keloid fibroblasts through regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. CONCLUSIONS Cav-1 appears to participate in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis in keloid. Restoration of cav-1 function by treatment with a cell-permeable peptide corresponding to the cav-1 scaffolding domain may be a novel therapeutic approach in keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Y Zhang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China.
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Liao T, Guo QL, Jin SW, Cheng W, Xu Y. Comparative responses in rare minnow exposed to 17beta-estradiol during different life stages. Fish Physiol Biochem 2009; 35:341-349. [PMID: 18704734 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Present in the excrement of humans and animals, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) has been detected in the aquatic environment in a range from several nanograms to several hundred nanograms per liter. In this study, the sensitivities of rare minnows during different life stages to E(2) at environmentally relevant (5, 25, and 100 ng l(-1)) and high (1000 ng l(-1)) concentrations were compared using vitellogenin (VTG) and gonad development as biomarkers under semistatic conditions. After 21 days of exposure, VTG concentrations in whole-body homogenates were analyzed; the results indicated that the lowest observed effective concentration for VTG induction was 25 ng l(-1) E(2) in the adult stage, but 100 ng l(-1) E(2) in the larval and juvenile stages. After exposure in the early life stage, the larval and juvenile fish were transferred to clean water until gonad maturation. No significant difference in VTG induction was found between the exposure and control groups in the adults. However, a markedly increased proportion of females and appearance of hermaphrodism were observed in the juvenile-stage group exposed to 25 ng l(-1) E(2). These results showed that VTG induction in the adult stage is more sensitive than in larval and juvenile stages following exposure to E(2). The juvenile stage may be the critical period of gonad development. Sex ratio could be a sensitive biomarker indicating exposure to xenoestrogens in early-life-stage subchronic exposure tests. The results of this study provide useful information for selecting sensitive biomarkers properly in aquatic toxicology testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu Lake South Road, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- Anesthesiology Consultants Medical Group, 5232 Feather River Drive, Stockton, CA 95219, USA
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Abstract
By supplying most organs of the body with metabolic substrates, the liver plays a central role in maintaining energy balance. Hepatic metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and lipoproteins is disrupted in the leptin-deficient obese (Lep(ob)/Lep(ob)) mouse, leading to hyperglycemia, steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia. Microarray expression profiles were used to identify transcriptional perturbations that underlie the altered hepatic physiology of Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. A wide variety of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism are altered in expression, which suggests that both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation programs are activated in obese mice. The expression of a small subset of genes is upregulated by leptin deficiency, not modulated by caloric restriction, and markedly suppressed by short-term leptin treatment. Among these leptin-regulated genes, apolipoprotein A-IV is a strong candidate for mediating the atherogenic-resistant phenotype of Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Ferrante
- Medicine, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Doody RS, Dunn JK, Clark CM, Farlow M, Foster NL, Liao T, Gonzales N, Lai E, Massman P. Chronic donepezil treatment is associated with slowed cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2001; 12:295-300. [PMID: 11351141 DOI: 10.1159/000051272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare rates of cognitive decline between probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients treated with long-duration cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is) and those who remained untreated. BACKGROUND ChE-Is, including donepezil and tracrine, have shown beneficial effects on cognition and global functioning in patients with AD. The duration of these benefits is unknown because the longest double-blind placebo-controlled studies reported were only approximately 6 months long. Ethical concerns regarding randomization of patients to placebo for long periods make it difficult to undertake trials of longer duration. METHODS We identified patients in 4 AD centers who were or were not consistently treated with ChE-Is and who had demographic, psychometric and follow-up data. We compared 205 ChE-I-treated and 218 untreated AD patients on baseline variables hypothesized to differ between these groups, on baseline Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores and on rates of MMSE change at 1 year. The analysis was performed initially with all ChE-I-treated patients as a single group versus untreated subjects, and then with donepezil versus untreated subjects and tacrine versus untreated subjects. RESULTS As expected, treated and untreated patients differed with respect to age, education, ethnicity, percentage of community dwelling and exact days of follow-up (ANOVA and chi2) in several comparisons, but did not differ on baseline MMSE score. These baseline variables were highly intercorrelated. MMSE scores declined significantly more slowly after 1 year of ChE-I treatment compared to untreated patients (p = 0.05) after controlling for baseline differences in age, education, ethnicity and percentage of community dwelling. Slowing of decline was significant in the donepezil-treated patients (p = 0.007) but not in the tacrine-treated group (p = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS This study, utilizing concurrent, nonrandomized controls, suggests that donepezil continues to have efficacy over at least the first year of therapy. Other studies are needed to determine whether the benefits are maintained beyond 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Doody
- Baylor College of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (AGO-8664), Houston, Tex 77030-3498, USA.
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Abstract
A standard curve for the quantification of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established, and the quantification of ascorbic acid and total ascorbic acid in fruits (lemon, Sunkist, and pineapple) and spinach were performed using D-isoascorbic acid (D-IAA) as an internal standard. The minimum detection limits (MDLs) for L-AA and D-IAA were determined to be 1 and 2 microg/mL, respectively, at 265 nm. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) in fruits and spinach was quantified in the presence of DL-homocysteine. The recoveries for L-AA in these juices were between 95 and 105%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relation between APO E genotype and MRI white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease. The APO epsilon4 allele is correlated with amyloid angiopathy and other neuropathologies in Alzheimer's disease and could be associated with white matter changes. If so, there should be a dose effect. METHODS 104 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS-ADRDA criteria) in this Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre were studied. Patients received MRI and APO E genotyping by standardised protocols. Axial MRI was scored (modified Schelten's scale) for the presence and degree of white matter changes and atrophy in several regions by a neuroradiologist blinded to genotype. Total white matter and total atrophy scores were also generated. Data analysis included Pearson's correlation for regional and total imaging scores and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (or Kruskal-Wallis) and chi(2) for demographic and disease related variables. RESULTS 30 patients had no epsilon4, 53 patients were heterozygous, and 21 patients were homozygous. The three groups did not differ in sex distribution, age of onset, age at MRI, MMSE, clinical dementia rating, or modified Hachinski ischaemia scores. There were no significant correlations between total or regional white matter scores and APO E genotype (Pearson correlation). CONCLUSIONS No correlation between total or regional white matter scores and APO E genotype was found. The pathogenesis of white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease may be independent of APO E genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Doody
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6550 Fannin Suite, 1801 Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Liao T, Wu JS, Wu MC, Chang HM. Epimeric separation of L-ascorbic acid and D-isoascorbic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:37-41. [PMID: 10637048 DOI: 10.1021/jf990399e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used for separation of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and D-isoascorbic acid (D-IAA) in a model system. The effects of borate buffer concentration (0.05-0.25 M) and pH (pH 7.5-9.0) on migration time, resolution (Rs), and theoretical plates (N) were investigated. The migration times of L-AA and D-IAA increased with the increasing pH of carrier electrolyte (0.2 borate buffer), and the resolutions (Rs) of L-AA and D-IAA were calculated to be 12.98 at pH 9.0. Concentrations of borate buffer (pH 9.0) increased the Rs values of L-AA and D-IAA, and buffer concentrations >0.1 M were found to be effective for separation of L-AA and D-IAA. Methanol in the carrier electrolyte was also influential in improving the separation of L-AA and D-IAA, which increased with the increasing concentrations (0-10%) of methanol. The optimal separation conditions for L-AA and D-IAA were as follows: carrier electrolyte, 0.2 M borate buffer (pH 9.0); applied voltage, 25 kV, with an uncoated fused silica capillary, 75 microm (i.d.) x 57 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Liao T, Xie F, Wang Q. [A study on pearl fat transplantation--concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and carrier of sustained delivery selected by orthogonal design]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi 1998; 14:283-5. [PMID: 10680495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The experiment was designed to solve the problem that free fat transplantation survived at low percentage. METHODS Based on physiochemical and biological characteristics of bFGF, fibrinogen was used as its carrier of sustained delivery. We applied bFGF and fibrinogen in pearl adipose transplantation. Different concentrations of bFGF and fibrinogen were used. The relation between the concentration of bFGF and fibrinogen and their effects on fat graft maintenance were observed. RESULTS At three months after transplantation, the weight of the fat graft varied from 98% to 225%. The latter was approximately consistent with synchronous increase of the body weight of the animal. Weight increase of the graft was closely related to the concentration of bFGF and the sustained delivery carrier. When bFGF in the concentration of 4000 U/10 microliters and fibrinogen of 1000 mg% were applied, the fat graft obtained the greatest weight increase. Histologically, the structure of the transplanted fat was normal with fibrotic envelope and mature adipocytes. CONCLUSION bFGF with fibrinogen as its carrier of sustained delivery favors the survival of fat graft and weight increase. The effects of bFGF and fibrinogen depend on their concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan Province People's Hospital
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Liao T, Sheard S. Integrated-optic array illuminator: a new design for guided-wave optical interconnections. Appl Opt 1998; 37:2729-2734. [PMID: 18273218 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.002729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An integrated array illuminator can be used not only as an opticalpower distributor for an array of guided-wave optic devices but also asa key element for guided-wave optical interconnections. We presenta new design for an integrated-optic array illuminator with focusingwaveguide diffractive doublet arrays. This integrated arrayilluminator allows independent optimizations of efficient and uniformoptical power distribution and focusing performance. Furthermore, the device can be fabricated with all-optical lithographic technologyand hence has the advantages of mass production with lowcost.
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Liao T, Sheard S. Radiation characteristics of waveguide diffractive doublets. Appl Opt 1998; 37:1776-1783. [PMID: 18273088 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The radiation characteristics of waveguide diffractive doublets consisting of double gratings located on two surfaces of waveguide cladding film are modeled based on a singular perturbation method. We determine the conditions under which the presence of the upper grating does not affect the radiation characteristics of the waveguide diffractive doublet as a whole. This allows independent performance of the upper grating, which may be replaced by a general diffractive optical element, and of the lower grating as a waveguide grating coupler. The results obtained provide an alternative method for determining the thickness of cladding film in the waveguide diffractive doublets for guided-wave manipulation.
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Liao T, Sheard S, Yang G. Integrated waveguide diffractive doublet for guided-wave manipulation. Appl Opt 1997; 36:5476-5481. [PMID: 18259368 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.005476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An integrated waveguide diffractive doublet consisting of a uniform grating coupler and a diffractive optical element is proposed. Design of this waveguide diffractive doublet for guided-wave manipulation is described in detail. Experimental results for a fabricated waveguide diffractive doublet are also presented to demonstrate the device principles. It was found that this waveguide diffractive doublet can enhance device functionality while remaining simple and compact and having a planar structure. Furthermore, this device can be fabricated by use of all-optical lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liao
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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Sheard S, Liao T, Yang G, Prewett P, Zhu J. Focusing waveguide grating coupler using a diffractive doublet. Appl Opt 1997; 36:4349-4353. [PMID: 18259220 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel focusing waveguide grating coupler comprising an integrated uniform grating coupler and binary-phase-only diffractive lens is proposed, designed, and fabricated. Experimental results are also presented to demonstrate the device performance. This device is in direct competition with single-element focusing grating couplers defined by direct-write electron-beam lithography and its structure is attractive because the fabrication procedure is better suited for mass production.
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Liao T, Morawetz H. Corrections-On the Nonexistence of Crankshaft-like Motions in Dilute Solutions of Flexible Chain Molecules. Macromolecules 1981. [DOI: 10.1021/ma50002a600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liao T. Reversible inactivation of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease A by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Removal of COOH-terminal residues from the denatured protein by carboxypeptidase A. J Biol Chem 1975; 250:3831-6. [PMID: 1168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of experiments on the role of the COOH-terminal residues in pancreatic deoxyribonuclease, we undertook to ascertain whether the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate would render the normally unavailable terminus susceptible to hydrolysis by carboxypeptidase A. When DNase A is dissolved in 0.005% sodium dodecyl sulfate the protein becomes enzymically inactive when assayed against DNA in the same sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration. The loss of activity caused by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate for 1 hour at 45 degrees can be fully restored if the detergent-containing solution is diluted 10-fold into 6 M guanidinium chloride and then 10-fold into a pH 7.0 buffer, 10 mM in CaCl2, prior to a 100-fold dilution for assay. The presence of Ca2+ is essential for the refolding process. If the same degree of dilution is made into sodium dodecyl sulfate-free buffer without the guanidinium chloride step, there is very little reversal of the inactivation. An almost complete loss of regenerable activity is caused by 1 hour of digestion by carboxypeptidase at 45 degrees in the presence of 0.03% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Although up to 6 amino acid residues can be removed from the COOH terminus, the loss of activity can be correlated with the removal of either 1 or 2 amino acid residues (-Leu-Thr) from the COOH-terminal sequence. Thus, DNase A is one of the several enzymes in which residues at the COOH terminus are essential to the active conformation. If the enzyme minus 2 to 6 terminal residues was mixed with a 15-residue COOH-terminal peptide (obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage), only about 2% activity could be regenerated.
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Liao T. Deoxythymidine 3', 5'-di-p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a synthetic substrate for bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease. J Biol Chem 1975; 250:3721-4. [PMID: 165182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease liberates p-nitrophenol from the 3'-group of deoxythymidine 3', 5'-di-p-nitrophenyl phosphate. A similar hydrolysis occurs with deoxythymidine 3'-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 5'-phsophate, but the rate is less than 2% of that with the di-p-nitrophenyl ester. The rate of formation of the p-nitrophenol, measured spectrophotometrically at 400 nm, varies linearly with DNase concentration. The binding of the substrate is not strong (K-m(app) in the 10 mM range), but the hydrolysis is rapid; 1 mug of DNase (free from other phosphodiesterases) can be assayed in 3 min after addition to a 10 mM substrate solution at pH 7.2, 10mM in MnCl2, and 1mM in CaCl2. All four bovine pancreatic DNases (A,B,C, and D) show the same relative activities toward DNA and toward the di-p-nitrophenyl ester; both activities are lost when DNase is inactivated by iodoacetate or by trypsin. The specificity of DNase toward the di-p-nitrophenyl substrate is different from that which has been established for the enzyme's predominant action on DNA or synthetic oligonucleotides, where a monoesterified phosphate group is formed at the 5'-position.
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Liao T. Reversible inactivation of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease A by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Removal of COOH-terminal residues from the denatured protein by carboxypeptidase A. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Liao T, Tseng RJ, Chen W. Two cases of unusual nasopharyngeal polyp. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1973; 72:503-6. [PMID: 4520345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Pierce JG, Liao T, Howard SM, Shome B, Cornell JS. Studies on the structure of thyrotropin: its relationship to luteinizing hormone. Recent Prog Horm Res 1971; 27:165-212. [PMID: 5003636 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571127-2.50029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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