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González Á, López-Borrego S, Sandúa A, Vales-Gomez M, Alegre E. Extracellular vesicles in cancer: challenges and opportunities for clinical laboratories. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:435-457. [PMID: 38361287 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2309935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles secreted by most cells. They transport different types of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) characteristic of their tissue or cellular origin that can mediate long-distance intercellular communication. In the case of cancer, EVs participate in tumor progression by modifying the tumor microenvironment, favoring immune tolerance and metastasis development. Consequently, EVs have great potential in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up. In addition, EVs could have a role in cancer treatment as a targeted drug delivery system. The intense research in the EV field has resulted in hundreds of patents and the creation of biomedical companies. However, methodological issues and heterogeneity in EV composition have hampered the advancement of EV validation trials and the development of EV-based diagnostic and therapeutic products. Consequently, only a few EV biomarkers have moved from research to clinical laboratories, such as the ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI) test, a CLIA/FDA-approved EV prostate cancer diagnostic test. In addition, the number of large-scale multicenter studies that would clearly define biomarker performance is limited. In this review, we will critically describe the different types of EVs, the methods for their enrichment and characterization, and their biological role in cancer. Then, we will specially focus on the parameters to be considered for the translation of EV biology to the clinic laboratory, the advances already made in the field of EVs related to cancer diagnosis and treatment, and the issues still pending to be solved before EVs could be used as a routine tool in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro González
- Service of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia López-Borrego
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Sandúa
- Service of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mar Vales-Gomez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Alegre
- Service of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Badhwar A, Hirschberg Y, Valle‐Tamayo N, Iulita MF, Udeh‐Momoh CT, Matton A, Tarawneh RM, Rissman RA, Ledreux A, Winston CN, Haqqani AS. Assessment of brain-derived extracellular vesicle enrichment for blood biomarker analysis in age-related neurodegenerative diseases: An international overview. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4411-4422. [PMID: 38864416 PMCID: PMC11247682 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in blood allows for minimally-invasive investigations of central nervous system (CNS) -specific markers of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Polymer-based EV- and immunoprecipitation (IP)-based BEV-enrichment protocols from blood have gained popularity. We systematically investigated protocol consistency across studies, and determined CNS-specificity of proteins associated with these protocols. METHODS NDD articles investigating BEVs in blood using polymer-based and/or IP-based BEV enrichment protocols were systematically identified, and protocols compared. Proteins used for BEV-enrichment and/or post-enrichment were assessed for CNS- and brain-cell-type-specificity, extracellular domains (ECD+), and presence in EV-databases. RESULTS A total of 82.1% of studies used polymer-based (ExoQuick) EV-enrichment, and 92.3% used L1CAM for IP-based BEV-enrichment. Centrifugation times differed across studies. A total of 26.8% of 82 proteins systematically identified were CNS-specific: 50% ECD+, 77.3% were listed in EV-databases. CONCLUSIONS We identified protocol steps requiring standardization, and recommend additional CNS-specific proteins that can be used for BEV-enrichment or as BEV-biomarkers. HIGHLIGHTS Across NDDs, we identified protocols commonly used for EV/BEV enrichment from blood. We identified protocol steps showing variability that require harmonization. We assessed CNS-specificity of proteins used for BEV-enrichment or found in BEV cargo. CNS-specific EV proteins with ECD+ or without were identified. We recommend evaluation of blood-BEV enrichment using these additional ECD+ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmanPreet Badhwar
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologieInstitut de Génie BiomédicalFaculté de Médecine, Université de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) lab, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de GériatrieMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Yael Hirschberg
- Centre for ProteomicsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Natalia Valle‐Tamayo
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant PauCalle San QuintíBarcelonaSpain
| | - M. Florencia Iulita
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant PauCalle San QuintíBarcelonaSpain
| | - Chinedu T. Udeh‐Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology research unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of San Francisco Joan and Sanford I. Weill Neurosciences buildingSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Imarisha Centre for Brain Health and AgingBrain and Mind InstituteAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Anna Matton
- Ageing Epidemiology research unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Division of NeurogeriatricsDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyCenter for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaNobels vägSweden
| | - Rawan M. Tarawneh
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Memory and AgingUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceAlzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aurélie Ledreux
- Department of NeurosurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Charisse N. Winston
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceAlzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Pang B, Wang Q, Chen H, Liu Z, Han M, Gong J, Yue L, Ding X, Wang S, Yan Z, Chen Y, Malouf D, Bucci J, Guo T, Zhou C, Jiang J, Li Y. Proteomic Identification of Small Extracellular Vesicle Proteins LAMB1 and Histone H4 for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Risk Stratification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402509. [PMID: 38590132 PMCID: PMC11187897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosis and stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) patients using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is challenging. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a new star of liquid biopsy, has attracted interest to complement inaccurate PSA screening and invasiveness of tissue biopsy. In this study, a panel of potential small EV (sEV) protein biomarkers is identified from PCa cell lines using label-free LC-MS/MS proteomics. These biomarkers underwent further validation with plasma and urine samples from different PCa stages through parallel reaction monitoring-based targeted proteomics, western blotting, and ELISA. Additionally, a tissue microarray containing cancerous and noncancerous tissues is screened to provide additional evidence of selected sEV proteins associated with cancer origin. Results indicate that sEV protein LAMB1 is highly expressed in human plasma of metastatic PCa patients compared with localised PCa patients and control subjects, while sEV protein Histone H4 is highly expressed in human urine of high-risk PCa patients compared to low-risk PCa patients and control subjects. These two sEV proteins demonstrate higher specificity and sensitivity than the PSA test and show promise for metastatic PCa diagnosis, progression monitoring, and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairen Pang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Translational Research Laboratory for UrologyThe Key Laboratory of NingboThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Innovative technologies and diagnostic and therapeutic equipment for urinary system diseasesNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cancer Care CentreSt George HospitalKogarahNSW2217Australia
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical CampusesSchool of Clinical MedicineUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Haotian Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Health Science CentreNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315211China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Health Science CentreNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315211China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Translational Research Laboratory for UrologyThe Key Laboratory of NingboThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Innovative technologies and diagnostic and therapeutic equipment for urinary system diseasesNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Translational Research Laboratory for UrologyThe Key Laboratory of NingboThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Liang Yue
- Westlake Centre for Intelligent ProteomicsWestlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouZhejiang310030China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310030China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Westlake Centre for Intelligent ProteomicsWestlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouZhejiang310030China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310030China
| | - Suying Wang
- Department of PathologyNingbo Diagnostic Pathology CentreNingboZhejiang315021China
| | - Zejun Yan
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - David Malouf
- Department of UrologySt George HospitalKogarahNSW2217Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- Cancer Care CentreSt George HospitalKogarahNSW2217Australia
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical CampusesSchool of Clinical MedicineUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Westlake Centre for Intelligent ProteomicsWestlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouZhejiang310030China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310030China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Translational Research Laboratory for UrologyThe Key Laboratory of NingboThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Innovative technologies and diagnostic and therapeutic equipment for urinary system diseasesNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Translational Research Laboratory for UrologyThe Key Laboratory of NingboThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315010China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Innovative technologies and diagnostic and therapeutic equipment for urinary system diseasesNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care CentreSt George HospitalKogarahNSW2217Australia
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical CampusesSchool of Clinical MedicineUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSW2052Australia
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Liao Y, Zhang Z, Ouyang L, Mi B, Liu G. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Wound Healing: Design, Paradigms, and Clinical Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307058. [PMID: 37806763 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The severe quality of life and economic burden imposed by non-healing skin wounds, infection risks, and treatment costs are affecting millions of patients worldwide. To mitigate these challenges, scientists are relentlessly seeking effective treatment measures. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapy strategy, attracting extensive attention from researchers. EVs mediate intercellular communication, possessing excellent biocompatibility and stability. These features make EVs a potential tool for treating a plethora of diseases, including those related to wound repair. However, there is a growing focus on the engineering of EVs to overcome inherent limitations such as low production, relatively fixed content, and targeting capabilities of natural EVs. This engineering could improve both the effectiveness and specificity of EVs in wound repair treatments. In light of this, the present review will introduce the latest progress in the design methods and experimental paradigms of engineered EVs applied in wound repair. Furthermore, it will comprehensively analyze the current clinical research status and prospects of engineered EVs within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lizhi Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Chen H, Pang B, Zhou C, Han M, Gong J, Li Y, Jiang J. Prostate cancer-derived small extracellular vesicle proteins: the hope in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:480. [PMID: 38093355 PMCID: PMC10720096 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic tools for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and risk stratification are insufficient. The hidden onset and poor efficacy of traditional therapies against metastatic PCa make this disease a heavy burden in global men's health. Prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (PCDEVs) have garnered attention in recent years due to their important role in communications in tumor microenvironment. Recent advancements have demonstrated PCDEVs proteins play an important role in PCa invasion, progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune escape. In this review, we briefly discuss the applications of sEV proteins in PCa diagnosis and prognosis in liquid biopsy, focus on the roles of the PCa-derived small EVs (sEVs) proteins in tumor microenvironment associated with cancer progression, and explore the therapeutic potential of sEV proteins applied for future metastatic PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairen Pang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Han
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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Lee Y, Ni J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Comparison Study of Small Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Methods for Profiling Protein Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15462. [PMID: 37895140 PMCID: PMC10607056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are an important intercellular communicator, participating in all stages of cancer metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, protein cargoes within sEVs are considered as a superior source for breast cancer (BC) biomarker discovery. Our study aimed to optimise the approach for sEV isolation and sEV proteomic analysis to identify potential sEV protein biomarkers for BC diagnosis. sEVs derived from BC cell lines, BC patients' plasma, and non-cancer controls were isolated using ultracentrifugation (UC), a Total Exosome Isolation kit (TEI), and a combined approach named UCT. In BC cell lines, the UC isolates showed a higher sEV purity and marker expression, as well as a higher number of sEV proteins. In BC plasma samples, the UCT isolates showed the highest proportion of sEV-related proteins and the lowest percentage of lipoprotein-related proteins. Our data suggest that the assessment of both the quantity and quality of sEV isolation methods is important in selecting the optimal approach for the specific sEV research purpose, depending on the sample types and downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Valerie C. Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Peter Graham
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
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8
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Badhwar A, Hirschberg Y, Tamayo NV, Iulita MF, Udeh-Momoh CT, Matton A, Tarawneh RM, Rissman RA, Ledreux A, Winston CN, Haqqani AS. Assessment of brain-derived extracellular vesicle enrichment for blood biomarker analysis in age-related neurodegenerative diseases: An international overview. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560210. [PMID: 37873207 PMCID: PMC10592861 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in blood allows for minimally- invasive investigations of CNS-specific markers of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Polymer-based EV- and immunoprecipitation (IP)-based BEV-enrichment protocols from blood have gained popularity. We systematically investigated protocol consistency across studies, and determined CNS-specificity of proteins associated with these protocols. METHODS NDD articles investigating BEVs in blood using polymer-based and/or IP-based BEV enrichment protocols were systematically identified, and protocols compared. Proteins used for BEV-enrichment and/or post-enrichment were assessed for CNS- and brain-cell-type- specificity; extracellular domains (ECD+); and presence in EV-databases. RESULTS 82.1% of studies used polymer-based (ExoQuick) EV-enrichment, and 92.3% used L1CAM for IP-based BEV-enrichment. Centrifugation times differed across studies. 26.8% of 82 proteins systematically identified were CNS-specific: 50% ECD+, 77.3% were listed in EV- databases. DISCUSSION We identified protocol steps requiring standardization, and recommend additional CNS-specific proteins that can be used for BEV-enrichment or as BEV-biomarkers.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The advent of high-throughput technologies has enabled the analysis of minute amounts of tumor-derived material purified from body fluids, termed "liquid biopsies." Prostate cancer (PCa) management, like in many other cancer types, has benefited from liquid biopsies at several stages of the disease. Although initially describing circulating tumor cells in blood, the term "liquid biopsy" has come to more prominently include cell-free, circulating tumor DNA, as well as RNA, proteins, and other molecules. They provide tumor molecular information representing the entire, often-heterogeneous disease, relatively noninvasively and longitudinally. Blood has been the main liquid biopsy specimen in PCa, and urine has also proven beneficial. Technological advances have allowed clinical implementation of some liquid biopsies in PCa, in disease monitoring and precision oncology. This narrative review introduces the main types of blood-based PCa liquid biopsies focusing on advances in the past 5 years. Clinical adoption of liquid biopsies to detect and monitor the evolving PCa tumor biology promises to deepen our understanding of the disease and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi K. Cani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simpa S. Salami
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sandúa A, Sanmamed MF, Rodríguez M, Ancizu-Marckert J, Gúrpide A, Perez-Gracia JL, Alegre E, González Á. PSA reactivity in extracellular microvesicles to commercial immunoassays. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 543:117303. [PMID: 36948237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Characterization of PSA in extracellular microvesicles (EVs) and its reactivity to commercial methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS EVs derived from serum of 47 prostate cancer (PCa) patients, 27 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 42 healthy controls were analyzed. EVs isolation and quantification of PSA immunoreactive to total (ev-T-PSA) or free (ev-F-PSA) PSA immunoassays, were performed using commercial assays. PSA in CD81+ or CD63+ EVs was determined directly in serum by an immunocapture-ELISA (IC-ELISA). RESULTS Ev-T-PSA immunoreactive to Elecsys assay was detected in all samples. Median T-PSA ev/srm ratio was 2.20% (Q1-Q3: 0.80-4.00%), although in some samples this ratio reached 59%. T-PSA ev/srm ratio was higher in those samples with serum T-PSA below 4 µg/L than in those exceeding that cut-off (p<0.001). T-PSA ev/srm ratio was lower in PCa patients compared to healthy controls and BPH patients (p<0.001). Elecsys immunoassays detected higher concentrations of ev-T-PSA and ev-F-PSA than Immulite (p<0.001). PSA was detected by IC-ELISA more intensely in CD81+ EVs than in CD63+ EVs, and ev-T-PSA correlated with PSA+CD63+ (p<0.001) but not with PSA+CD81+. CONCLUSION EVs-bound PSA is another form of circulating PSA whose measurement could be easily performed in clinical laboratories by automated immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Sandúa
- Service of Biochemistry. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Oncology Department. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez
- Oncology Department. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Ancizu-Marckert
- Urology Department. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gúrpide
- Oncology Department. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José L Perez-Gracia
- Oncology Department. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Alegre
- Service of Biochemistry. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- Service of Biochemistry. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Isolation-free measurement of single urinary extracellular vesicles by imaging flow cytometry. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102638. [PMID: 36549551 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are promising biomarkers for various diseases. However, many tools measuring uEVs rely on time-consuming uEV isolation methods, which could induce sample bias. This study demonstrates the detection of single uEVs without isolation using imaging flow cytometry (IFCM). Unstained urine samples contained auto-fluorescent (A-F) particles when characterized with IFCM. Centrifugation successfully removed A-F particles from the unprocessed urine. Based on the disappearance of A-F particles, a gate was defined to distinguish uEVs from A-F particles. The final readouts of IFCM were verified as single EVs based on detergent treatment and serial dilutions. When developing this protocol to measure urine samples with abnormally high protein levels, 25 mg/mL dithiothreitol (DTT) showed improved uEV recovery over 200 mg/mL DTT. This study provides an isolation-free protocol using IFCM to quantify and phenotype single uEVs, eliminating the hindrance and influence of A-F particles, protein aggregates, and coincidence events.
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12
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Sass D, Fitzgerald W, Wolff BS, Torres I, Pagan-Mercado G, Armstrong TS, Miaskowski C, Margolis L, Saligan L, Kober KM. Differences in Circulating Extracellular Vesicle and Soluble Cytokines in Older Versus Younger Breast Cancer Patients With Distinct Symptom Profiles. Front Genet 2022; 13:869044. [PMID: 35547250 PMCID: PMC9081604 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.869044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated cytokines, both encapsulated and surface bound, have been associated with symptom severity, and may vary over the lifespan, they may be potential biomarkers to uncover underlying mechanisms of various conditions. This study evaluated the associations of soluble and EV-associated cytokine concentrations with distinct symptom profiles reported by 290 women with breast cancer prior to surgery. Patients were classified into older (≥60 years, n = 93) and younger (< 60 years, n = 197) cohorts within two previously identified distinct symptom severity profiles, that included pain, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and fatigue (i.e., High Fatigue Low Pain and All Low). EVs were extracted using ExoQuick. Cytokine concentrations were determined using Luminex multiplex assay. Mann Whitney U test evaluated the differences in EV and soluble cytokine levels between symptom classes and between and within the older and younger cohorts adjusting for Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, body mass index (BMI), and stage of disease. Partial correlation analyses were run between symptom severity scores and cytokine concentrations. Results of this study suggest that levels of cytokine concentrations differ between EV and soluble fractions. Several EV and soluble pro-inflammatory cytokines had positive associations with depressive symptoms and fatigue within both age cohorts and symptom profiles. In addition, in the older cohort with High Fatigue Low Pain symptom profile, EV GM-CSF concentrations were higher compared to the All Low symptom profile (p < 0.05). Albeit limited by a small sample size, these exploratory analyses provide new information on the association between cytokines and symptom profiles of older and younger cohorts. Of note, unique EV-associated cytokines were found in older patients and in specific symptom classes. These results suggest that EVs may be potential biomarker discovery tools. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie distinct symptom class profiles categorized by age may inform intervention trials and offer precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilorom Sass
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brian S Wolff
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Isaias Torres
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Glorivee Pagan-Mercado
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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13
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Huang G, Zhu Y, Wen S, Mei H, Liu Y, Wang D, Maddahfar M, Su QP, Lin G, Chen Y, Jin D. Single Small Extracellular Vesicle (sEV) Quantification by Upconversion Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3761-3769. [PMID: 35500253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are potential circulating biomarkers in liquid biopsies. However, their small sizes, low abundance, and heterogeneity in molecular makeups pose major technical challenges for detecting and characterizing them quantitatively. Here, we demonstrate a single-sEV enumeration platform using lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). Taking advantage of the unique optical properties of UCNPs and the background-eliminating property of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging technique, a single-sEV assay recorded a limit of detection 1.8 × 106 EVs/mL, which was nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Its specificity was validated by the difference between EpCAM-positive and EpCAM-negative sEVs. The accuracy of the UCNP-based single-sEV assay was benchmarked with immunomagnetic-beads flow cytometry, showing a high correlation (R2> 0.99). The platform is suitable for evaluating the heterogeneous antigen expression of sEV and can be easily adapted for biomarker discoveries and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Huang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shihui Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Haoqi Mei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dejiang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Maddahfar
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Qian Peter Su
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-User Analysis at Low Levels, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-User Analysis at Low Levels, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Alcolizer Technology Pty Ltd, 36 Mumford Place, Balcatta, Perth, Western Australia 6021, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-User Analysis at Low Levels, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
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14
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Kim MW, Koh H, Kim JY, Lee S, Lee H, Kim Y, Hwang HK, Kim SI. Tumor-Specific miRNA Signatures in Combination with CA19-9 for Liquid Biopsy-Based Detection of PDAC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13621. [PMID: 34948417 PMCID: PMC8703833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the most aggressive malignancies and has high mortality and poor survival rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover non-invasive biomarkers for early detection before PDAC reaches the incurable stage. We hypothesized that liquid biopsy of PDAC-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEs) containing abundant microRNAs (miRNAs) could be used for early diagnosis of PDAC because they can be selectively enriched and because they are biologically stable. We isolated PDEs by immunocapture using magnetic beads, and we identified 13 miRNA candidates in 20 pancreatic cancer patients and 20 normal controls. We found that expression of five miRNAs, including miR-10b, miR-16, miR-155, miR-429, and miR-1290, was markedly higher in PDEs. Furthermore, the miRNA signatures along with serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were optimized by logistic regression, and the miRNA signature and CA19-9 combination markers (CMs) were effective at differentiating PDAC patients from normal controls. As a result, the CMs represented a high sensitivity (AUC, 0.964; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 80%) and a high specificity (AUC, 0.962; sensitivity, 85.71%; specificity, 100%). These findings suggest that five miRNAs expressed in PDEs and CA19-9 are valuable biomarkers for screening and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.W.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hani Koh
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Jee Ye Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.W.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Suji Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.W.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.W.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Young Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.W.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.W.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.K.)
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15
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Dlugolecka M, Szymanski J, Zareba L, Homoncik Z, Domagala-Kulawik J, Polubiec-Kownacka M, Czystowska-Kuzmicz M. Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Plasma of Patients with Lung Lesions Using Fluorescence Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Cells 2021; 10:3473. [PMID: 34943982 PMCID: PMC8699990 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current lack of reliable methods for quantifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from complex biofluids significantly hinders translational applications in EV research. The recently developed fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis (FL-NTA) allows for the detection of EV-associated proteins, enabling EV content determination. In this study, we present the first comprehensive phenotyping of bronchopulmonary lavage fluid (BALF)-derived EVs from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using classical EV-characterization methods as well as the FL-NTA method. We found that EV immunolabeling for the specific EV marker combined with the use of the fluorescent mode NTA analysis can provide the concentration, size, distribution, and surface phenotype of EVs in a heterogeneous solution. However, by performing FL-NTA analysis of BALF-derived EVs in comparison to plasma-derived EVs, we reveal the limitations of this method, which is suitable only for relatively pure EV isolates. For more complex fluids such as plasma, this method appears to not be sensitive enough and the measurements can be compromised. Our parallel presentation of NTA-based phenotyping of plasma and BALF EVs emphasizes the great impact of sample composition and purity on FL-NTA analysis that has to be taken into account in the further development of FL-NTA toward the detection of EV-associated cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dlugolecka
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Szymanski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Lukasz Zareba
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zuzanna Homoncik
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Joanna Domagala-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Malgorzata Czystowska-Kuzmicz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
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16
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Jackson KK, Powell RR, Bruce TF, Marcus RK. Rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles from diverse biofluid matrices via capillary-channeled polymer fiber solid-phase extraction micropipette tips. Analyst 2021; 146:4314-4325. [PMID: 34105528 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in biological systems based on their ability to carry genetic and protein cargos, intercede in cellular communication and serve as vectors in intercellular transport. As such, EVs are species of increasing focus from the points of view of fundamental biochemistry, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutics delivery. Of particular interest are 30-200 nm EVs called exosomes, which have demonstrated high potential for use in diagnostic and targeted delivery applications. The ability to collect exosomes from patient biofluid samples would allow for comprehensive yet remote diagnoses to be performed. While several exosome isolation methods are in common use, they generally produce low recoveries, whose purities are compromised by concomitant inclusion of lipoproteins, host cell proteins, and protein aggregates. Those methods often work on lengthy timescales (multiple hours) and result in very low throughput. In this study, capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber micropipette tips were employed in a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) solid-phase extraction (SPE) workflow. Demonstrated is the isolation of exosomes from human urine, saliva, cervical mucus, serum, and goat milk matrices. This method allows for quick (<15 min) and low-cost (<$1 per tip) isolations at sample volume and time scales relevant for clinical applications. The tip isolation was evaluated using absorbance (scattering) detection, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Exosome purity was assessed by Bradford assay, based on the removal of free proteins. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to the CD81 tetraspanin protein was used to confirm the presence of the known exosomal-biomarker on the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylan K Jackson
- Clemson University, Department of Chemistry, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Rhonda R Powell
- Clemson University, Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Terri F Bruce
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Clemson University, Department of Chemistry, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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17
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Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: Uncovering the Basis of the Pathological Processes in Kidney-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126507. [PMID: 34204452 PMCID: PMC8234687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication governs multicellular interactions in complex organisms. A variety of mechanisms exist through which cells can communicate, e.g., cell-cell contact, the release of paracrine/autocrine soluble molecules, or the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-surrounded structures released by almost all cell types, acting both nearby and distant from their tissue/organ of origin. In the kidney, EVs are potent intercellular messengers released by all urinary system cells and are involved in cell crosstalk, contributing to physiology and pathogenesis. Moreover, urine is a reservoir of EVs coming from the circulation after crossing the glomerular filtration barrier—or originating in the kidney. Thus, urine represents an alternative source for biomarkers in kidney-related diseases, potentially replacing standard diagnostic techniques, including kidney biopsy. This review will present an overview of EV biogenesis and classification and the leading procedures for isolating EVs from body fluids. Furthermore, their role in intra-nephron communication and their use as a diagnostic tool for precision medicine in kidney-related disorders will be discussed.
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