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Kim HW, Lee SY, Hur SJ, Kil DY, Kim JH. Effects of functional nutrients on chicken intestinal epithelial cells induced with oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:1040-1052. [PMID: 37969347 PMCID: PMC10640939 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of functional nutrients including various functional amino acids, vitamins, and minerals on chicken intestinal epithelial cells (cIECs) treated with oxidative stress. The cIECs were isolated from specific pathogen free eggs. Cells were exposed to 0 mM supplement (control), 20 mM threonine (Thr), 0.4 mM tryptophan (Trp), 1 mM glycine (Gly), 10 μM vitamin C (VC), 40 μM vitamin E (VE), 5 μM vitamin A (VA), 34 μM chromium (Cr), 0.42 μM selenium (Se), and 50 μM zinc (Zn) for 24 h with 6 replicates for each treatment. After 24 h, cells were further incubated with fresh culture medium (positive control, PC) or 1 mM H2O2 with different supplements (negative control, NC and each treatment). Oxidative stress was measured by cell proliferation, whereas tight junction barrier function was analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Results indicated that cell viability and TEER values were less (p < 0.05) in NC treatments with oxidative stress than in PC treatments. In addition, FITC-dextran values were greater (p < 0.05) in NC treatments with oxidative stress than in PC treatments. The supplementations of Thr, Trp, Gly, VC, and VE in cells treated with H2O2 showed greater (p < 0.05) cell viability than the supplementation of VA, Cr, Se, and Zn. The supplementations of Trp, Gly, VC, and Se in cells treated with H2O2 showed the least (p < 0.05) cellular permeability. In addition, the supplementation of Thr, VE, VA, Cr, and Zn in cells treated with H2O2 decreased (p < 0.05) cellular permeability. At 48 h, the supplementations of Thr, Trp, and Gly in cells treated with H2O2 showed the greatest (p < 0.05) TEER values among all treatments, and the supplementations of VC and VE in cells treated with H2O2 showed greater (p < 0.05) TEER values than the supplementations of VA, Cr, Se, and Zn in cells treated with H2O2. In conclusion, Thr, Trp, Gly, and VC supplements were effective in improving cell viability and intestinal barrier function of cIECs exposed to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science (BK21 Four),
Institute of Agriculture Life Science, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Suciu M, Mirescu C, Crăciunescu I, Macavei SG, Leoștean C, Ştefan R, Olar LE, Tripon SC, Ciorîță A, Barbu-Tudoran L. In Vivo Distribution of Poly(ethylene glycol) Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoclusters: An Ultrastructural Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2184. [PMID: 34578500 PMCID: PMC8469409 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo distribution of 50 nm clusters of polyethylene glycol-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-PEG) was conducted in this study. SPIONs-PEG were synthesized de novo, and their structure and paramagnetic behaviors were analyzed by specific methods (TEM, DLS, XRD, VSM). Wistar rats were treated with 10 mg Fe/kg body weight SPIONs-PEG and their organs and blood were examined at two intervals for short-term (15, 30, 60, 180 min) and long-term (6, 12, 24 h) exposure evaluation. Most exposed organs were investigated through light and transmission electron microscopy, and blood and urine samples were examined through fluorescence spectrophotometry. SPIONs-PEG clusters entered the bloodstream after intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations and ended up in the urine, with the highest clearance at 12 h. The skin and spleen were within normal histological parameters, while the liver, kidney, brain, and lungs showed signs of transient local anoxia or other transient pathological affections. This study shows that once internalized, the synthesized SPIONs-PEG disperse well through the bloodstream with minor to nil induced tissue damage, are biocompatible, have good clearance, and are suited for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suciu
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Mirescu
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
| | - Izabell Crăciunescu
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (S.G.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Sergiu Gabriel Macavei
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (S.G.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Cristian Leoștean
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (S.G.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Rǎzvan Ştefan
- Research Centre for Biophysics, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.Ş.); (L.E.O.)
| | - Loredana E. Olar
- Research Centre for Biophysics, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.Ş.); (L.E.O.)
| | - Septimiu-Cassian Tripon
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ciorîță
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Thorat ND, Townely H, Brennan G, Parchur AK, Silien C, Bauer J, Tofail SA. Progress in Remotely Triggered Hybrid Nanostructures for Next-Generation Brain Cancer Theranostics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2669-2687. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Modelling Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Helen Townely
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Science Division, John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
| | - Grace Brennan
- Modelling Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Abdul K. Parchur
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Christophe Silien
- Modelling Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Joanna Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Syed A.M. Tofail
- Modelling Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
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Dulińska-Litewka J, Łazarczyk A, Hałubiec P, Szafrański O, Karnas K, Karewicz A. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Current and Prospective Medical Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040617. [PMID: 30791358 PMCID: PMC6416629 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent, fast development of nanotechnology is reflected in the medical sciences. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are an excellent example. Thanks to their superparamagnetic properties, SPIONs have found application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia. Unlike bulk iron, SPIONs do not have remnant magnetization in the absence of the external magnetic field; therefore, a precise remote control over their action is possible. This makes them also useful as a component of the advanced drug delivery systems. Due to their easy synthesis, biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and possibility of further surface modification with various chemical agents, SPIONs could support many fields of medicine. SPIONs have also some disadvantages, such as their high uptake by macrophages. Nevertheless, based on the ongoing studies, they seem to be very promising in oncological therapy (especially in the brain, breast, prostate, and pancreatic tumors). The main goal of our paper is, therefore, to present the basic properties of SPIONs, to discuss their current role in medicine, and to review their applications in order to inspire future developments of new, improved SPION systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Oskar Szafrański
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Karnas
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Karewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Abo Elsoud MM, Al-Hagar OEA, Abdelkhalek ES, Sidkey NM. Synthesis and investigations on tellurium myconanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 18:e00247. [PMID: 29876299 PMCID: PMC5989594 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tellurium has attracted the attention of many researchers and manufacturers due to its unique properties. Through the current work, six fungal isolates have been screened for their ability to reduce potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) into elemental tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs). The most promising fungal isolate was identified as Aspergillus welwitschiae and given the accession number (KY766958) based on molecular basis and has been used for biogenic (enzymatic) production of TeNPs. The produced TeNPs have been characterized using DLS, TEM and FTIR. Data showed that, the particle size is 60.80 d.nm with oval to spherical shape. The produced TeNPs have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity at 25 mg/ml. Data revealed antibacterial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Evaluation of the effect of γ-irradiation on TeNPs production showed that, the productivity was improved at 1 kGy and suppressed gradually at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola E A Al-Hagar
- Plant Research Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Egypt
| | - Eman S Abdelkhalek
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - N M Sidkey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
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Pohland M, Glumm R, Wiekhorst F, Kiwit J, Glumm J. Biocompatibility of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and the role of microglia. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1577-1591. [PMID: 28280327 PMCID: PMC5339010 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s127206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) are applied as contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and treatment of neurologic diseases despite the fact that important information concerning their local interactions is still lacking. Due to their small size, SPIO have great potential for magnetically labeling different cell populations, facilitating their MRI tracking in vivo. Before SPIO are applied, however, their effect on cell viability and tissue homoeostasis should be studied thoroughly. We have previously published data showing how citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) affect primary microglia and neuron cell cultures as well as neuron-glia cocultures. To extend our knowledge of VSOP interactions on the three-dimensional multicellular level, we further examined the influence of two types of coated VSOP (R1 and R2) on murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Our data show that 1) VSOP can penetrate deep tissue layers, 2) long-term VSOP-R2 treatment alters cell viability within the dentate gyrus, 3) during short-term incubation VSOP-R1 and VSOP-R2 comparably modify hippocampal cell viability, 4) VSOP treatment does not affect cytokine homeostasis, 5) microglial depletion decreases VSOP uptake, and 6) microglial depletion plus VSOP treatment increases hippocampal cell death during short-term incubation. These results are in line with our previous findings in cell coculture experiments regarding microglial protection of neurite branching. Thus, we have not only clarified the interaction between VSOP, slice culture, and microglia to a degree but also demonstrated that our model is a promising approach for screening nanoparticles to exclude potential cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pohland
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Robert Glumm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Clinic of Neurology, Jüdisches Krankenhaus
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Department 8.2 Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
| | - Jürgen Kiwit
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Glumm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Clinic of Neurosurgery, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
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Shi D, Mi G, Bhattacharya S, Nayar S, Webster TJ. Optimizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as drug carriers using an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5371-5379. [PMID: 27799764 PMCID: PMC5074712 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, an optimized in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model was established using mouse brain endothelial cells (b.End3) and astrocytes (C8-D1A). Before measuring the permeability of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) samples, the BBB was first examined and confirmed by an immunofluorescent stain and evaluating the transendothelial electrical resistance. After such confirmation, the permeability of the following five previously synthesized SPIONs was determined using this optimized BBB model: 1) GGB (synthesized using glycine, glutamic acid, and bovine serum albumin [BSA]), 2) GGC (glycine, glutamic acid, and collagen), 3) GGP (glycine, glutamic acid, and polyvinyl alcohol), 4) BPC (BSA, polyethylene glycol, and collagen), and 5) CPB (collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, and BSA). More importantly, after the permeability test, transmission electron microscopy thin section technology was used to investigate the mechanism behind this process. Transmission electron microscopy thin section images supported the hypothesis that collagen-coated CPB SPIONs displayed better cellular uptake than glycine and glutamine acid-coated GGB SPIONs. Such experimental data demonstrated how one can modify SPIONs to better deliver drugs to the brain to treat a wide range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gujie Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Bhattacharya
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Suprabha Nayar
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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McConnell HL, Schwartz DL, Richardson BE, Woltjer RL, Muldoon LL, Neuwelt EA. Ferumoxytol nanoparticle uptake in brain during acute neuroinflammation is cell-specific. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1535-42. [PMID: 27071335 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferumoxytol ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can enhance contrast between neuroinflamed and normal-appearing brain tissue when used as a contrast agent for high-sensitivity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here we used an anti-dextran antibody (Dx1) that binds the nanoparticle's carboxymethyldextran coating to differentiate ferumoxytol from endogenous iron and localize it unequivocally in brain tissue. Intravenous injection of ferumoxytol into immune-competent rats that harbored human tumor xenograft-induced inflammatory brain lesions resulted in heterogeneous and lesion-specific signal enhancement on MRI scans in vivo. We used Dx1 immunolocalization and electron microscopy to identify ferumoxytol in affected tissue post-MRI. We found that ferumoxytol nanoparticles were taken up by astrocyte endfeet surrounding cerebral vessels, astrocyte processes, and CD163(+)/CD68(+) macrophages, but not by tumor cells. These results provide a biological basis for the delayed imaging changes seen with ferumoxytol and indicate that ferumoxytol-MRI can be used to assess the inflammatory component of brain lesions in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L McConnell
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Daniel L Schwartz
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Brian E Richardson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.
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Simkó M, Mattsson MO. Interactions between nanosized materials and the brain. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:4200-14. [PMID: 25039776 PMCID: PMC4435026 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140716100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current rapid development of nanotechnologies and engineered nanomaterials (ENM) will impact the society in a major fashion during the coming decades. This development also causes substantial safety concerns. Among the many promising applications of ENM, products that can be used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases, including conditions that affect the nervous system, are under development. ENM can pass the blood brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate within the brain. It seems that the nano-form rather than the bulk form of the chemicals pass the BBB, and that there is an inverse relationship between particle size and the ability to penetrate the BBB. Although translocation of ENM to the brain is possible during experimental conditions, the health relevance for real-life situations is far from clear. One major reason for this is that studies have been using nanoparticle concentrations that are far higher than the ones that can be expected during realistic exposures. However, very high exposure to the CNS can cause effects on neurotransmission, redox homeostasis and behavior. Available studies have been focusing on possible effects of the first generation of ENM. It will be necessary to study possible health effects also of expected novel sophisticated materials, independent of the outcome of present studies. The prospects for intended or targeted medical applications are promising since it has been shown that ENM can be made to pass the BBB and reach specific regions or cells within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mats-Olof Mattsson
- Health and Environment Department, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Dan M, Bae Y, Pittman TA, Yokel RA. Alternating magnetic field-induced hyperthermia increases iron oxide nanoparticle cell association/uptake and flux in blood-brain barrier models. Pharm Res 2015; 32:1615-25. [PMID: 25377069 PMCID: PMC4803069 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are being investigated for brain cancer therapy because alternating magnetic field (AMF) activates them to produce hyperthermia. For central nervous system applications, brain entry of diagnostic and therapeutic agents is usually essential. We hypothesized that AMF-induced hyperthermia significantly increases IONP blood-brain barrier (BBB) association/uptake and flux. METHODS Cross-linked nanoassemblies loaded with IONPs (CNA-IONPs) and conventional citrate-coated IONPs (citrate-IONPs) were synthesized and characterized in house. CNA-IONP and citrate-IONP BBB cell association/uptake and flux were studied using two BBB Transwell(®) models (bEnd.3 and MDCKII cells) after conventional and AMF-induced hyperthermia exposure. RESULTS AMF-induced hyperthermia for 0.5 h did not alter CNA-IONP size but accelerated citrate-IONP agglomeration. AMF-induced hyperthermia for 0.5 h enhanced CNA-IONP and citrate-IONP BBB cell association/uptake. It also enhanced the flux of CNA-IONPs across the two in vitro BBB models compared to conventional hyperthermia and normothermia, in the absence of cell death. Citrate-IONP flux was not observed under these conditions. AMF-induced hyperthermia also significantly enhanced paracellular pathway flux. The mechanism appears to involve more than the increased temperature surrounding the CNA-IONPs. CONCLUSIONS Hyperthermia induced by AMF activation of CNA-IONPs has potential to increase the BBB permeability of therapeutics for the diagnosis and therapy of various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Dan
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA; National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, 335 Biopharmaceutical Complex (College of Pharmacy) Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - Younsoo Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, 335 Biopharmaceutical Complex (College of Pharmacy) Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - Thomas A. Pittman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, 335 Biopharmaceutical Complex (College of Pharmacy) Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
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Javed KR, Ahmad M, Ali S, Butt MZ, Nafees M, Butt AR, Nadeem M, Shahid A. Comparison of doxorubicin anticancer drug loading on different metal oxide nanoparticles. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e617. [PMID: 25789952 PMCID: PMC4602492 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are being vigorously investigated for their use in anticancer drug delivery regimes or as biomarkers agents and are considered to be a candidate to provide a way to combat severe weaknesses of anticancer drug pharmacokinetics, such as their nonspecificity. Because of this weakness, a bigger proportion of the drug-loaded nanomaterials flow toward healthy tissues and result in undesirable side effects. It is very important to evaluate drug loading and release efficiency of various nanomaterials to find out true pharmacokinetics of these drugs.This observational study aims to evaluate various surface functionalized and naked nanomaterials for their drug loading capability and consequently strengthens the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). We analyzed naked and coated nanoparticles of transition metal oxides for their further loading with doxorubicin, a representative water-soluble anticancer drug.Various uncoated and polyethylene glycol-coated metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and loaded with anticancer drug using simple stirring of the nanoparticles in a saturated aqueous solution of the drug. Results showed that surface-coated nanoparticles have higher drug-loading capabilities; however, certain naked metal oxide nanoparticles, such as cobalt oxide nanoparticles, can load a sufficient amount of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rashid Javed
- From the Department of Physics (KR, SA, MZB, MN, ARB), Government College University (GCU); Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) (KR); Department of Medical Physics (MA, AS), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL); Department of Physics (MA), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; and Department of Physics (MN), Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Pan H, Zhang Y, He GX, Katagori N, Chen H. A comparison of conventional methods for the quantification of bacterial cells after exposure to metal oxide nanoparticles. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:222. [PMID: 25138641 PMCID: PMC4236543 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to potential interference of nanoparticles on bacterial quantification, there is a challenge to develop a fast, accurate and reproducible method for bacterial quantification. Currently various bacterial quantification methods are used by researchers performing nanoparticles study, but there has been no efficacy evaluation of these methods. Here we study interference of nanoparticles on three most commonly used conventional bacterial quantification methods, including colony counting to determine the colony-forming units (CFU), spectrophotometer method of optical density (OD) measurement, and flow cytometry (FCM). Results Three oxide nanoparticles including ZnO, TiO2, and SiO2 and four bacterial species including Salmonella enterica serovar Newport, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli were included in the test. Results showed that there is no apparent interference of the oxide nanoparticles on quantifications of all four bacterial species by FCM measurement; CFU counting is time consuming, less accurate and not suitable for automation; and the spectrophotometer method using OD measurement was the most unreliable method to quantify and detect the bacteria in the presence of the nanoparticles. Conclusion In summary, FCM measurement proved to be the best method, which is suitable for rapid, accurate and automatic detection of bacteria in the presence of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huizhong Chen
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U,S, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson 72079, AR, USA.
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Petters C, Irrsack E, Koch M, Dringen R. Uptake and metabolism of iron oxide nanoparticles in brain cells. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1648-60. [PMID: 25011394 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are used for various applications in biomedicine, for example as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, for cell tracking and for anti-tumor treatment. However, IONPs are also known for their toxic effects on cells and tissues which are at least in part caused by iron-mediated radical formation and oxidative stress. The potential toxicity of IONPs is especially important concerning the use of IONPs for neurobiological applications as alterations in brain iron homeostasis are strongly connected with human neurodegenerative diseases. Since IONPs are able to enter the brain, potential adverse consequences of an exposure of brain cells to IONPs have to be considered. This article describes the pathways that allow IONPs to enter the brain and summarizes the current knowledge on the uptake, the metabolism and the toxicity of IONPs for the different types of brain cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Petters
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
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Sun Z, Worden M, Wroczynskyj Y, Yathindranath V, van Lierop J, Hegmann T, Miller DW. Magnetic field enhanced convective diffusion of iron oxide nanoparticles in an osmotically disrupted cell culture model of the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3013-26. [PMID: 25018630 PMCID: PMC4073976 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s62260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examines the use of an external magnetic field in combination with the disruption of tight junctions to enhance the permeability of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) across an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The feasibility of such an approach, termed magnetic field enhanced convective diffusion (MFECD), along with the effect of IONP surface charge on permeability, was examined. METHODS The effect of magnetic field on the permeability of positively (aminosilane-coated [AmS]-IONPs) and negatively (N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethylenediaminetriacetate [EDT]-IONPs) charged IONPs was evaluated in confluent monolayers of mouse brain endothelial cells under normal and osmotically disrupted conditions. RESULTS Neither IONP formulation was permeable across an intact cell monolayer. However, when tight junctions were disrupted using D-mannitol, flux of EDT-IONPs across the bEnd.3 monolayers was 28%, increasing to 44% when a magnetic field was present. In contrast, the permeability of AmS-IONPs after osmotic disruption was less than 5%. The cellular uptake profile of both IONPs was not altered by the presence of mannitol. CONCLUSIONS MFECD improved the permeability of EDT-IONPs through the paracellular route. The MFECD approach favors negatively charged IONPs that have low affinity for the brain endothelial cells and high colloidal stability. This suggests that MFECD may improve IONP-based drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew Worden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Yaroslav Wroczynskyj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Johan van Lierop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA ; Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ; Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Donald W Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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