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Nele V, Campani V, Alia Moosavian S, De Rosa G. Lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery: Self-assembling vs driven-assembling strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115291. [PMID: 38514018 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Among non-viral vectors, lipid nanovectors are considered the gold standard for the delivery of RNA therapeutics. The success of lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery, with three products approved for human use, has stimulated further investigation into RNA therapeutics for different pathologies. This requires decoding the pathological intracellular processes and tailoring the delivery system to the target tissue and cells. The complexity of the lipid nanovectors morphology originates from the assembling of the lipidic components, which can be elicited by various methods able to drive the formation of nanoparticles with the desired organization. In other cases, pre-formed nanoparticles can be mixed with RNA to induce self-assembly and structural reorganization into RNA-loaded nanoparticles. In this review, the most relevant lipid nanovectors and their potentialities for RNA delivery are described on the basis of the assembling mechanism and of the particle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Campani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy.
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2
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Gholami L, Ivari JR, Nasab NK, Oskuee RK, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Recent Advances in Lung Cancer Therapy Based on Nanomaterials: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:335-355. [PMID: 34375182 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810160901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers with a significant mortality rate for both genders, particularly in men. Lung cancer is recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, which threatens the lives of over 1.6 million people every day. Although cancer is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, conventional anticancer medications are unlikely to increase patients' life expectancy and quality of life significantly. In recent years, there are significant advances in the development and applications of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. The superiority of nanostructured approaches is that they act more selectively than traditional agents. This progress led to the development of a novel field of cancer treatment known as nanomedicine. Various formulations based on nanocarriers, including lipids, polymers, liposomes, nanoparticles and dendrimers have opened new horizons in lung cancer therapy. The application and expansion of nano-agents lead to an exciting and challenging research era in pharmaceutical science, especially for the delivery of emerging anti-cancer agents. The objective of this review is to discuss the recent advances in three types of nanoparticle formulations for lung cancer treatments modalities, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers for efficient drug delivery. Afterward, we have summarized the promising clinical data on nanomaterials based therapeutic approaches in ongoing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Rouhani Ivari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khandan Nasab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Restored microRNA-519a enhances the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer via suppressing EphA2. Gene Ther 2022; 29:588-600. [PMID: 33414521 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNA-519a (miR-519a) acts as the tumor suppressor in various cancers, but little is known regarding its intrinsic regulatory mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-519a-targeted ephrinA2 receptor (EphA2) in radiosensitivity of NSCLC. MiR-519a and EphA2 expression in NSCLC and paracancerous tissues were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. A549 cell line was cultured and radiation-resistant cell line A549R was constructed using fractionated X-ray irradiation of these cells at 60 Gy. Colony formation ability and radioresistance of parent strain A549 and resistant strain A549R were detected with restored miR-519a and depleted EphA2. MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation, flow cytometry was performed for determination of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The migration and invasion abilities were assessed by Transwell assay. The target relationship between miR-519a and EphA2 was verified. Results suggested that miR-519a was downregulated and EphA2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and miR-519a targeted EphA2. MiR-519a expression declined, while EphA2 expression elevated in A549R cells versus A549 cells. Upregulated miR-519a and downregulated EphA2 suppressed D0, Dq, survival fraction (SF2) and N-value, arrested cells at G0/G1 phase, advanced the apoptosis and attenuated migration, proliferation, and invasion of A549 and A549R cells. Overexpression of EphA2 reversed the promotion of upregulated miR-519a on radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Our results revealed that miR-519a enhances radiosensitivity of NSCLC by inhibiting EphA2 expression. Moreover, miR-519a serves as a target for NSCLC treatment.
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Toma I, Porfire AS, Tefas LR, Berindan-Neagoe I, Tomuță I. A Quality by Design Approach in Pharmaceutical Development of Non-Viral Vectors with a Focus on miRNA. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071482. [PMID: 35890377 PMCID: PMC9322860 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Tumors consist of heterogeneous cell populations that have different biological properties. While conventional cancer therapy such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery does not target cancer cells specifically, gene therapy is attracting increasing attention as an alternative capable of overcoming these limitations. With the advent of gene therapy, there is increasing interest in developing non-viral vectors for genetic material delivery in cancer therapy. Nanosystems, both organic and inorganic, are the most common non-viral vectors used in gene therapy. The most used organic vectors are polymeric and lipid-based delivery systems. These nanostructures are designed to bind and protect the genetic material, leading to high efficiency, prolonged gene expression, and low toxicity. Quality by Design (QbD) is a step-by-step approach that investigates all the factors that may affect the quality of the final product, leading to efficient pharmaceutical development. This paper aims to provide a new perspective regarding the use of the QbD approach for improving the quality of non-viral vectors for genetic material delivery and their application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Toma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.T.); (L.R.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Alina Silvia Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.T.); (L.R.T.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Ruxandra Tefas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.T.); (L.R.T.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.T.); (L.R.T.); (I.T.)
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5
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Franca L, Ferraz M, Barros MC, Gibson V, Xavier-Júnior FH, Magalhães NSS, Lira-Nogueira M. ConA-Coated Liposomes as a System to Delivery β-Lapachone to Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:968-977. [PMID: 34170812 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210624112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Target treatment using site-specific nanosystems is a hot topic for treating several diseases, especially cancer. OBJECTIVE The study was set out to develop site-specific liposomes using ConcanavalinA (ConA) to target β-lapachone(β-lap) to human breast cancer cells. METHODS Liposomes were prepared and characterized according to diameter size, zeta potential, ConA conjugation(%), and β-lap encapsulation efficiency (%). Isothermal Titration Calorimetry evaluated the binding energy between the biomolecules, which compose the liposomes. ConA avidity was assessed before and after conjugation. Cytotoxicity was evaluated, and fluorescence microscopy was performed to investigate the influence of ConA influenced on MCF-7 uptake. RESULTS Uncoated and ConA-coated liposomes presented size, and zeta potential values from 97.46 ± 2.01 to 152.23 ± 2.73nm, and -6.83 ± 0.28 to -17.23 ±0.64mV, respectively. Both ConA conjugation and β-lap encapsulation efficiency were approximately 100%. The favorable and spontaneous process confirmed the binding between ConA and the lipid. Hemagglutination assay confirmed ConA avidity once Lipo-ConA and Lipo-PEG-ConA were able to hemagglutinate the red blood cells at 128-1 and 256-1, respectively. Lipo-ConA was not cytotoxic, and the site-specific liposomes presented the highest toxicity. ConA-coated liposomes were more internalized by MCF7 than uncoated liposomes. CONCLUSION Therefore, the presence of ConA on the surface of liposomes influenced MCF7 uptake, suggesting that it could be used as a promising site-specific system to target β-lap to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Franca
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Milena Ferraz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Barros
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Victor Gibson
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariane Lira-Nogueira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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6
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Toden S, Zumwalt TJ, Goel A. Non-coding RNAs and potential therapeutic targeting in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188491. [PMID: 33316377 PMCID: PMC7856203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have begun to clarify the physiological and pathological roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in various diseases, including cancer. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been the most studied and have emerged as key players that are involved in the regulation of important growth regulatory pathways in cancer pathogenesis. The ability of a single ncRNA to modulate the expression of multiple downstream gene targets and associated pathways, have provided a rationale to pursue them for therapeutic drug development in cancer. In this context, early data from pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that synthetic miRNA-based therapeutic molecules, along with various protective coating approaches, has allowed for their efficient delivery and anti-tumor activity. In fact, some of the miRNA-based cancer therapeutic strategies have shown promising results even in early-phase human clinical trials. While the enthusiasm for ncRNA-based cancer therapeutics continue to evolve, the field is still in the midst of unraveling a more precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms and specific downstream therapeutic targets of other lesser studied ncRNAs such as the long-non-coding RNAs, transfer RNAs, circular RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and piwi-interacting RNAs. This review article provides the current state of knowledge and the evolving principles for ncRNA-based therapeutic approaches in cancer, and specifically highlights the importance of data to date and the approaches that are being developed to overcome the challenges associated with their delivery and mitigating the off-target effects in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Toden
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy J Zumwalt
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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7
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Harnessing the Power of Eph/ephrin Biosemiotics for Theranostic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13060112. [PMID: 32492868 PMCID: PMC7345574 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive basic biological knowledge of the Eph/ephrin system in the physiologic setting is needed to facilitate an understanding of its role and the effects of pathological processes on its activity, thereby paving the way for development of prospective therapeutic targets. To this end, this review briefly addresses what is currently known and being investigated in order to highlight the gaps and possible avenues for further investigation to capitalize on their diverse potential.
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8
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MicroRNAs-Based Nano-Strategies as New Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Myeloma to Overcome Disease Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093084. [PMID: 32349317 PMCID: PMC7247691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, or miRs) are single-strand short non-coding RNAs with a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological- or disease-associated cellular processes. They bind to target miRs modulating gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Here, we present an overview of miRs deregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and discuss the potential use of miRs/nanocarriers association in clinic. Since miRs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, strategies based on their inhibition and/or replacement represent the new opportunities in cancer therapy. The miRs delivery systems include liposomes, polymers, and exosomes that increase their physical stability and prevent nuclease degradation. Phase I/II clinical trials support the importance of miRs as an innovative therapeutic approach in nanomedicine to prevent cancer progression and drug resistance. Results in clinical practice are promising.
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9
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Lo Russo G, Tessari A, Capece M, Galli G, de Braud F, Garassino MC, Palmieri D. MicroRNAs for the Diagnosis and Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Literature Review. Front Oncol 2018; 8:650. [PMID: 30622932 PMCID: PMC6308141 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor with a variable incidence among different countries. Occupational asbestos exposure is the most important etiological factor and a very long latency period is widely reported. In the early phase of the disease, clinical signs are absent or not specific. For this reason, the diagnosis is frequently achieved only in the advanced stages. The histopathological diagnosis per se is also very complex, and no known factor can predict the prognosis with certainty. Nonetheless, current survival rates remain very low, despite the use of standard treatments, which include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The identification of new prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers, and the discovery of therapeutic targets is a priority and could lead to a real significant impact on the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. In this scenario, the role of microRNAs is becoming increasingly relevant, with the promise of a quick translation in the current clinical practice. Despite the relative novelty of this field, the number of works and candidate microRNAs that are present in literature is striking. Unfortunately, to date the microRNAs with the most clinical relevance for MPM are still matter of debate, probably due to the variety of approaches, techniques, and collected samples. Although specific microRNAs (e.g., let-7, miR-15 and miR-16, miR-21, miR-34a, and the miR-200 family) have been reported several times from different groups, the heterogeneity of published data reinforces the need of more comprehensive and unified studies on this topic. In this review we collect and discuss the studies focused on the involvement of microRNAs in different aspects of MPM, from their biological role in tumorigenesis and progression, to their possible application as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Lastly, we examine their potential value as for the design of therapeutic approaches that could benefit MPM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Tessari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marina Capece
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Lu T, Wang Y, Chen D, Liu J, Jiao W. Potential clinical application of lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8045-8052. [PMID: 30519046 PMCID: PMC6239124 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has been identified as one of the most prevalent and deadly tumors worldwide. In recent years, lncRNAs have been demonstrated to play a significant role in the development of lung cancer. Specifically, lncRNAs act as a regulator of cancer-critical genes, and they regulate the biological behavior of tumors at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs possess great potential in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients because of their roles in diverse cellular processes, such as proliferation, metastasis, stem cell maintenance, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and they serve as signaling biomarkers. Compared to other invasive diagnostic methods, detection of lncRNAs may become a very useful noninvasive methodology. Moreover, lncRNAs can serve as potential therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer due to their roles in regulating many signaling pathways associated with lung carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the roles and expression profile of lncRNAs. We also discuss the promising application of lncRNAs as predictors of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and as potential therapeutic targets, aiming to demonstrate their practical value for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
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11
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Wang H, Liu S, Jia L, Chu F, Zhou Y, He Z, Guo M, Chen C, Xu L. Nanostructured lipid carriers for MicroRNA delivery in tumor gene therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:101. [PMID: 30008618 PMCID: PMC6043968 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are endogenous about 20–23 nucleotides non-coding RNAs, have been acted as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Current studies demonstrated that miRNAs are promising candidates for tumor gene therapy because of their important biological functions in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance. As an important delivery system, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have great potential in tumor gene therapy, particularly for miRNA delivery, due to low toxicity, low immunogenicity, long metabolic cycles, and easy modification. This article reviews recent research progress on NLCs for miRNA delivery in tumor gene therapy and prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China.,2Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China.,2Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jia
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China.,2Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Chu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China.,2Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhou
- 3Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
| | - Zhixu He
- 4Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China.,2Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China.,2Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China.,2Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People's Republic of China
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12
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Lung cancer-associated brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:419-441. [PMID: 28921309 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in humans. There are several reasons for this high rate of mortality, including metastasis to several organs, especially the brain. In fact, lung cancer is responsible for approximately 50% of all brain metastases, which are very difficult to manage. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer-associated brain metastasis brings up novel therapeutic promises with the hope to ameliorate the severity of the disease. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of lung cancer dissemination and metastasis to the brain, as well as promising horizons for impeding lung cancer brain metastasis, including the role of cancer stem cells, the blood-brain barrier, interactions of lung cancer cells with the brain microenvironment and lung cancer-driven systemic processes, as well as the role of growth factor/receptor tyrosine kinases, cell adhesion molecules and non-coding RNAs. In addition, we provide an overview of current and novel therapeutic approaches, including radiotherapy, surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, as also targeted cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-based therapies, micro-RNA-based therapies and other small molecule or antibody-based therapies. We will also discuss the daunting potential of some combined therapies. CONCLUSIONS The identification of molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer metastasis has opened up new avenues towards their eradication and provides interesting opportunities for future research aimed at the development of novel targeted therapies.
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13
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Birnie KA, Prêle CM, Thompson PJ, Badrian B, Mutsaers SE. Targeting microRNA to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78193-78207. [PMID: 29100460 PMCID: PMC5652849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and often fatal cancer associated with asbestos exposure. The disease originates in the mesothelial lining of the serosal cavities, most commonly affecting the pleura. Survival rates are low as diagnosis often occurs at an advanced stage and current treatments are limited. Identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for mesothelioma remains a priority, particularly for the new wave of victims exposed to asbestos through do-it-yourself renovations and in countries where asbestos is still mined and used. Recent advances have demonstrated a biological role for the small but powerful gene regulators microRNA (miRNA) in mesothelioma. A number of potential therapeutic targets have been identified. MiRNA have also become popular as potential biomarkers for mesothelioma due to their stable expression in bodily fluid and tissues. In this review, we highlight the current challenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment of mesothelioma and discuss how targeting miRNA may improve diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Birnie
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip J Thompson
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bahareh Badrian
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Lee HY, Mohammed KA, Kaye F, Moudgil BM, Nasreen N. EphA2 targeted intratumoral therapy for non-small cell lung cancer using albumin mesospheres. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3293-3303. [PMID: 28804547 PMCID: PMC5553879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer, primarily non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the leading cause of cancer mortality and the prognosis of patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC is poor. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, little improvement has been seen in NSCLC mortality. Recently, Intratumoral Chemotherapy, a direct local delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, has shown promise in clinical studies. However, toxicity and high dosage of chemotherapeutic agents used for treatment are a limitation. Moreover, these drugs damage indiscriminately, cancerous as well as normal tissues. Thus, a novel therapeutic strategy that targets only malignant tissue sparing normal tissue becomes an urgent issue. Ephrin receptor-A2 (EphA2), a new biomarker, is over-expressed in NSCLC, but not on normal epithelial cells. Receptor EphA2 is a cell surface protein, which upon binding to its ligand EphrinA1 undergo phosphorylation and degradation which attenuates NSCLC growth. Targeting the tumor, sparing the normal tissue and enhancing the therapeutic effects of ligand proteins are the goal of this project. Thus a novel method, intratumoral EphA2 targeted therapy, has been developed to target the oncogenic receptors on tumor tissue by using albumin mesosphere (AMS) conjugated ephrinA1 in mice bearing NSCLC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yen Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Biomaterials Center, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kamal A Mohammed
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- NF/SGVHS, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fredric Kaye
- Hematology and Oncology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brij M Moudgil
- Particle Engineering Research Center, Material Science & Engineering, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Najmunnisa Nasreen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- NF/SGVHS, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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15
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Ganju A, Khan S, Hafeez BB, Behrman SW, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. miRNA nanotherapeutics for cancer. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:424-432. [PMID: 27815139 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNA-based therapies, either restoring or repressing miRNA expression and activity, hold great promise. However, the efficient delivery of miRNAs to target tissues is a major challenge in the transition of miRNA therapy to the clinic. Cationic polymers or viral vectors are efficient delivery agents but their systemic toxicity and immunogenicity limit their clinical usage. Efficient targeting and sustained release of miRNAs/anti-miRNAs using nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with antibodies and/or peptides could reduce the required therapeutic dosage while minimizing systemic and cellular toxicity. Given their importance in clinical oncology, here we focus on the development of miRNA nanoformulations to achieve enhanced cellular uptake, bioavailability, and accumulation at the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ganju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Bilal B Hafeez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Stephen W Behrman
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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16
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MicroRNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: predictive/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets? Oncotarget 2016; 6:23323-41. [PMID: 26259238 PMCID: PMC4695121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumor with a poor prognosis, short overall survival and few chemotherapeutic choices. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs of around 22 nucleotides involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and metastasis. They have been studied in many tumors in order to identify potential diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic targets. In the current literature, many studies have analyzed the role of miRNAs in PDAC. In fact, the absence of appropriate biomarkers, the difficultly of early detection of this tumor, and the lack of effective chemotherapy in patients with unresectable disease have focused attention on miRNAs as new, interesting advance in this malignancy. In this review we analyzed the role of miRNAs in PDAC in order to understand the mechanisms of action and the difference between the onco-miRNA and the tumor suppressor miRNA. We also reviewed all the data related to the use of these molecules as predictive as well as prognostic biomarkers in the course of the disease. Finally, the possible therapeutic use of miRNAs or anti-miRNAs in PDAC is also discussed. In conclusion, although there is still no clinical application for these molecules in PDAC, it is our opinion that the preclinical evidence of the role of specific miRNAs in carcinogenesis, the possibility of using miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and their potential therapeutic role, warrant future studies in PDAC.
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17
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Campani V, Salzano G, Lusa S, De Rosa G. Lipid Nanovectors to Deliver RNA Oligonucleotides in Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 6:E131. [PMID: 28335259 PMCID: PMC5224597 DOI: 10.3390/nano6070131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing knowledge on the mechanisms of gene silencing and gene regulation by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), mainly small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), is providing a significant boost to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. However, the design of RNA-based therapeutics is hampered by biopharmaceutical issues, thus requiring the use of suitable delivery strategies. In this regards, lipid nanovectors have been successfully investigated to deliver RNA in different forms of cancer. Compared to other biomaterials, lipids offer advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy production, low cost, limited toxicity and immunogenicity. The possibility to formulate these materials in the form of nanovectors allows overcoming biopharmaceutical issues associated to the therapeutic use of RNA, with the possibility to target tumors. This review takes stock of the main lipid nanovectors proposed to deliver ncRNA. For each considered delivery strategy, the rational design and the most meaningful in vitro and in vivo results are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Campani
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Salzano
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Sara Lusa
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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18
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Lee HY, Mohammed KA, Nasreen N. Nanoparticle-based targeted gene therapy for lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1118-1134. [PMID: 27294004 PMCID: PMC4889725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite striking insights on lung cancer progression, and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches the survival of patients with lung cancer, remains poor. In recent years, targeted gene therapy with nanoparticles is one of the most rapidly evolving and extensive areas of research for lung cancer. The major goal of targeted gene therapy is to bring forward a safe and efficient treatment to cancer patients via specifically targeting and deterring cancer cells in the body. To achieve high therapeutic efficacy of gene delivery, various carriers have been engineered and developed to provide protection to the genetic materials and efficient delivery to targeted cancer cells. Nanoparticles play an important role in the area of drug delivery and have been widely applied in cancer treatments for the purposes of controlled release and cancer cell targeting. Nanoparticles composed of artificial polymers, proteins, polysaccharides and lipids have been developed for the delivery of therapeutic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequences to target cancer. In addition, the effectiveness of cancer targeting has been enhanced by surface modification or conjugation with biomolecules on the surface of nanoparticles. In this review article we provide an overview on the latest developments in nanoparticle-based targeted gene therapy for lung cancers. Firstly, we outline the conventional therapies and discuss strategies for targeted gene therapy using nanoparticles. Secondly, we provide the most representative and recent researches in lung cancers including malignant pleural mesothelioma, mainly focusing on the application of Polymeric, Lipid-based, and Metal-based nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss current achievements and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yen Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine in The College of Medicine, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, USA
| | - Kamal A Mohammed
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine in The College of Medicine, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, USA
| | - Najmunnisa Nasreen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine in The College of Medicine, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, USA
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19
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Lee HY, Mohammed KA, Goldberg EP, Kaye F, Nasreen N. Cisplatin loaded albumin mesospheres for lung cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:603-615. [PMID: 25973300 PMCID: PMC4396024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The low solubility of cisplatin in aqueous solution limits the treatment effectiveness and the application of cisplatin in various kinds of drug-eluting devices. Although cisplatin has a high solubility in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the toxicity of cisplatin can be greatly reduced while dissolved in DMSO. In this study, the solid powder of cisplatin-loaded albumin mesospheres (CDDP/DMSO-AMS), in a size range of 1 to 10 µm, were post-loaded with cisplatin and showed high cisplatin content (16% w/w) and effective cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells. Cisplatin were efficiently absorbed into the albumin mesospheres (AMS) in DMSO and, most importantly, the toxicity of cisplatin was remained at 100% after the loading process. This CDDP/DMSO-AMS was designed for the intratumoral injection through the bronchoscopic catheter or dry powder inhalation (DPI) due to its high stability in air or in solution. This CDDP/DMSO-AMS showed a fast cisplatin release within 24 hours. In the in vitro study, CDDP/DMSO-AMS showed high effectiveness on killing the lung cancer cells including the non-small cell lung cancer (NCL-H23 and A549), malignant mesothelioma (CRL-2081) and the mouse lung carcinoma (Lewis lung carcinoma) cell lines. The albumin based mesospheres provide an ideal loading matrix for cisplatin and other metal-based drugs due to the high swelling degree and fast uptake rate in the organic solvents with high polarity. In addition, to investigate the effects of polysaccharides, such as chitosan and chondroitin, on enhancing loading efficiency and lasting cytotoxicity of cisplatin, the polysaccharide-modified albumin mesospheres were synthesized and loaded with cisplatin in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yen Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
- Biomaterials Center, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of FloridaP. O. Box 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
| | - Kamal A Mohammed
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
- NF/SGVHS, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
| | - Eugene P Goldberg
- Biomaterials Center, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of FloridaP. O. Box 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
| | - Frederic Kaye
- Hematology and oncology, University of FloridaP. O. Box 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
| | - Najmunnisa Nasreen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
- NF/SGVHS, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of FloridaP. O. Box 100225, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
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20
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Zhang L, Cheng J, Fan XM. MicroRNAs: New therapeutic targets for intestinal barrier dysfunction. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5818-5825. [PMID: 24914342 PMCID: PMC4024791 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in intestinal barrier function characterized by an increase in intestinal permeability contribute to intestinal inflammation. Growing evidence has shown that an increase in intestinal permeability has a pathogenic role in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease, and functional bowel disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, clarification of the inflammatory responses, the defense pathway and the corresponding regulatory system is essential and may lead to the development of new therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19-22 nt) noncoding RNA molecules that regulate genes at the post-transcriptional level by base-pairing to specific messenger RNAs for degradation to repress translation. Recent studies suggested that miRNAs are important in the immune response and mediate a critical role in multiple immune response-related disorders. Based on these discoveries, attention has been focused on understanding the role of miRNAs in regulating intestinal barrier dysfunction, especially in IBD. Here, we provide a review of the most recent state-of-the-art research on miRNAs in intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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21
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Srivastava SK, Arora S, Singh S, Bhardwaj A, Averett C, Singh AP. MicroRNAs in pancreatic malignancy: progress and promises. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:167-74. [PMID: 24561061 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in recent years, pancreatic cancer still remains a major clinical challenge. Its incidence and mortality rates have been on consistent rise underscoring the critical need for novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tools for its effective management. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are deregulated in a variety of malignancies, including pancreatic cancer, and play a significant role in the initiation, progression and metastasis. Furthermore, their vital involvement in the therapeutic resistance of cancer has also been established. Hence, there has been enormous interest worldwide in investigating the roles of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and exploiting their utility for clinical benefit. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer and discuss their potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and as novel targets for development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Arora
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Courey Averett
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
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