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Liang Y, Simaiti A, Xu M, Lv S, Jiang H, He X, Fan Y, Zhu S, Du B, Yang W, Li X, Yu P. Antagonistic Skin Toxicity of Co-Exposure to Physical Sunscreen Ingredients Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2769. [PMID: 36014634 PMCID: PMC9414962 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Being the main components of physical sunscreens, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are often used together in different brands of sunscreen products with different proportions. With the broad use of cosmetics containing these nanoparticles (NPs), concerns regarding their joint skin toxicity are becoming more and more prominent. In this study, the co-exposure of these two NPs in human-derived keratinocytes (HaCaT) and the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model EpiSkin was performed to verify their joint skin effect. The results showed that ZnO NPs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and caused deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in a dose-dependent manner to HaCaT cells, which could be rescued with co-exposure to TiO2 NPs. Further mechanism studies revealed that TiO2 NPs restricted the cellular uptake of both aggregated ZnO NPs and non-aggregated ZnO NPs and meanwhile decreased the dissociation of Zn2+ from ZnO NPs. The reduced intracellular Zn2+ ultimately made TiO2 NPs perform an antagonistic effect on the cytotoxicity caused by ZnO NPs. Furthermore, these joint skin effects induced by NP mixtures were validated on the epidermal model EpiSkin. Taken together, the results of the current research contribute new insights for understanding the dermal toxicity produced by co-exposure of different NPs and provide a valuable reference for the development of formulas for the secure application of ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs in sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Aili Simaiti
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingxuan Xu
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shenchong Lv
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxiang He
- Lishui International Travel Health-Care Center, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaoxiong Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Technical Center of Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Peilin Yu
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Intestinal Microecology of Mice Exposed to TiO 2 Nanoparticles and Bisphenol A. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121696. [PMID: 35741895 PMCID: PMC9222895 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous, especially through dietary and other environmental pathways. In the present study, adult C57BL/6J mice were exposed to TiO2 NPs (100 mg/kg), BPA (0, 5, and 50 mg/kg), or their binary mixtures for 13 weeks. The 16S rDNA amplification sequence analysis revealed that co-exposure to TiO2 NPs and BPA altered the intestinal microbiota; however, this alteration was mainly caused by TiO2 NPs. Faecal metabolomics analysis revealed that 28 metabolites and 3 metabolic pathways were altered in the co-exposed group. This study is the first to reveal the combined effects of TiO2 NPs and BPA on the mammalian gut microbial community and metabolism dynamics, which is of great value to human health. The coexistence of TiO2 NPs and BPA in the gut poses a potential health risk due to their interaction with the gut microbiota.
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Raman Spectroscopic Study of TiO 2 Nanoparticles' Effects on the Hemoglobin State in Individual Red Blood Cells. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14205920. [PMID: 34683512 PMCID: PMC8537815 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered to be a nontoxic material and is widely used in a number of everyday products, such as sunscreen. TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) are also considered as prospective agents for photodynamic therapy and drug delivery. These applications require an understanding of the potential effects of TiO2 on the blood system and its components upon administration. In the presented work, we analyze the interaction of TiO2 nanoparticles of different crystal phases (anatase and rutile) with individual rat Red Blood Cells (RBC) and the TiO2 influence on the oxygenation state and functionality of RBC, estimated via analysis of Raman spectra of Hemoglobin (Hb) and their distribution along individual RBC. Raman spectral signals also allow localization of the TiO2 NP on the RBC. No penetration of the NP inside RBC was observed; however, both kinds of TiO2 NP adsorbed on the RBC membrane can affect the Hb state. Mechanisms involving the NP–membrane–Hb interaction, resulting in partial deoxygenation of Hb and TiO2 photothermal effect on Hb under Raman laser excitation, are suggested. The possible influence on the safety of TiO2 use in advanced medical application, especially on the safety and efficiency of photothermal therapy, is discussed.
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Oh H, Kikuchi H, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee JB, Cho MS, Lee MY, Okumura Y, Hong JH, Hong SK. Ultraviolet light screen using cholesteric liquid crystal capsules on the basis of selective reflection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25471-25476. [PMID: 35478880 PMCID: PMC9037046 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When the prepared cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsule is applied to the skin, it can protect the skin by selectively reflecting only ultraviolet rays in sunlight like sunscreen cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemuk Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
- Cosmax Inc
| | - Hirotugu Kikuchi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | | | | | | | - Moon Sun Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yasushi Okumura
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | - Joo-Hee Hong
- Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering
- Suncheon Jeil College
- Suncheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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5
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Rosário F, Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Costa C, Lopes CB, Estrada AC, Tavares DS, Teixeira JP, Reis AT. Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E447. [PMID: 32131449 PMCID: PMC7153484 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Humans are typically exposed to environmental contaminants' mixtures that result in different toxicity than exposure to the individual counterparts. Yet, the toxicology of chemical mixtures has been overlooked. This work aims at assessing and comparing viability and cell cycle of A549 cells after exposure to single and binary mixtures of: titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) 0.75-75 mg/L; cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NP) 0.0.75-10 μg/L; arsenic (As) 0.75-2.5 mg/L; and mercury (Hg) 5-100 mg/L. Viability was assessed through water-soluble tetrazolium (WST-1) and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (24 h exposure) and clonogenic (seven-day exposure) assays. Cell cycle alterations were explored by flow cytometry. Viability was affected in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Prolonged exposure caused inhibition of cell proliferation even at low concentrations. Cell-cycle progression was affected by TiO2NP 75 mg/L, and As 0.75 and 2.5 μg/L, increasing the cell proportion at G0/G1 phase. Combined exposure of TiO2NP or CeO2NP mitigated As adverse effects, increasing the cell surviving factor, but cell cycle alterations were still observed. Only CeO2NP co-exposure reduced Hg toxicity, translated in a decrease of cells in Sub-G1. Toxicity was diminished for both NPs co-exposure compared to its toxicity alone, but a marked toxicity for the highest concentrations was observed for longer exposures. These findings prove that joint toxicity of contaminants must not be disregarded.
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Grants
- PTDC/SAU-PUB/29651/2017 COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and European Union, through FEDER
- SFRH/BPD/122112/2016 (A.T.Reis) FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
- contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19 (C.B. Lopes and A.C. Estrada) FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
- SFRH/BD/101060/2014 (F. Brandão) FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
- SFRH/BD/12046/2016 (M.J. Bessa) FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosário
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.R.); (M.J.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (J.P.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bessa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.R.); (M.J.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (J.P.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.R.); (M.J.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (J.P.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.R.); (M.J.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (J.P.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia B. Lopes
- Department of Chemistry and Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.B.L.); (A.C.E.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Ana C. Estrada
- Department of Chemistry and Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.B.L.); (A.C.E.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Daniela S. Tavares
- Department of Chemistry and Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.B.L.); (A.C.E.); (D.S.T.)
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.R.); (M.J.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (J.P.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.R.); (M.J.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (J.P.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Wang J, Dai H, Nie Y, Wang M, Yang Z, Cheng L, Liu Y, Chen S, Zhao G, Wu L, Guang S, Xu A. TiO 2 nanoparticles enhance bioaccumulation and toxicity of heavy metals in Caenorhabditis elegans via modification of local concentrations during the sedimentation process. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:160-169. [PMID: 29990727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unintentionally released titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) may co-occur with pre-existing heavy metal pollutants in aquatic environments. However, the interactions between NPs and heavy metals (HMs) and their co-effects in living organisms are largely unknown. The aim of this investigation was to illustrate the influence of TiO2 NPs (5 and 15 nm) on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of cadmium (Cd), arsenate (As(III)), and nickel (Ni) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) during the process of sedimentation in aquatic environment. Our data showed that HMs accelerated the aggregation of TiO2 NPs. The rapid aggregation and sedimentation of TiO2 NPs changed the vertical distribution of HMs through adsorption and induced increased and prolonged exposure of benthic species. Aggregate particle size along with ionic strength were the major factors affecting the rate of sedimentation. TiO2 NPs at non-toxic concentrations efficiently enhanced the bioaccumulation and reproductive toxicity of HMs to C. elegans in a dose- and size-dependent manner; however, the effect of TiO2 NPs on As(III) was obviously lower than that on two valence metals. These data provided clear evidence that TiO2 NPs could serve as environmental regulators to significantly facilitate the toxicity and the accumulation of HMs in C. elegans, indicating that the interaction and fate of TiO2 NPs and HMs on their co-toxic responses during the sedimentation should be considered as a necessary and integral part of risk assessment in the ecological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Hui Dai
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Mudi Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Shouhong Guang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China.
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7
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Curcumin inhibits activation induced by urban particulate material or titanium dioxide nanoparticles in primary human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188169. [PMID: 29244817 PMCID: PMC5731739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has protective effects against toxic agents and shows preventive properties for various diseases. Particulate material with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) induce endothelial dysfunction and activation. We explored whether curcumin is able to attenuate different events related to endothelial activation. This includes adhesion, expression of adhesion molecules and oxidative stress induced by PM10 and TiO2-NPs. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with 1, 10 and 100 μM curcumin for 1 h and then exposed to PM10 at 3 μg/cm2 or TiO2-NPs at 10 μg/cm2. Cell adhesion was evaluated by co-culture with U937 human myelomonocytic cells. Adhesion molecules expression was measured by flow cytometry after 3 or 24 h of exposure. Oxidative stress was determined by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCF) oxidation. PM10 and TiO2-NPs induced the adhesion of U937 cells and the expression of E- and P-selectins, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). The expression of E- and P-selectins matched the adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC after 3 h. In HUVEC treated with 1 or 10 μM curcumin, the expression of adhesion molecules and monocytes adhesion was significantly diminished. Curcumin also partially reduced the H2DCF oxidation induced by PM10 and TiO2-NPs. Our results suggest an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role by curcumin attenuating the activation caused on endothelial cells by exposure to particles. Therefore, curcumin could be useful in the treatment of diseases where an inflammatory process and endothelial activation are involved.
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Shi H, Gu Y, Xie Z, Zhou Q, Mao G, Lin X, Liu K, Liu Y, Zou B, Zhao J. Mechanism of N-acetyl-cysteine inhibition on the cytotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in JB6 cells transfected with activator protein-1. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3549-3554. [PMID: 28588678 PMCID: PMC5450798 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the mechanism of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) inhibition on the cytotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using murine epidermal JB6 cells transfected with activator protein-1 (AP-1), JB6-AP-1 cells. Confocal microscopy was performed to localize TiO2 NPs in cultured cells. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in cells was evaluated by staining with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium. AP-1 gene expression levels in the cells were detected using the luciferase assay. Confocal microscopy indicated that TiO2 NPs passed through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm; however, they did not penetrate the nuclear membrane. The present findings indicated that NAC markedly inhibited ROS generation and significantly inhibited cytotoxicity (P<0.05) induced by TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, alternative studies have demonstrated that AP-1 luciferase activity induced by TiO2 NPs may be significantly inhibited by NAC. In conclusion, the ability for NAC to inhibit the cytotoxicity induced by TiO2 NPs may primarily occur by blocking ROS generation in the cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shi
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.,Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Guochuan Mao
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.,Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xialu Lin
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Kui Liu
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Baobo Zou
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Schön P, Ctistis G, Bakker W, Luthe G. Nanoparticular surface-bound PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs-a novel class of potentially higher toxic POPs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:12758-12766. [PMID: 26939687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, Env Sci Poll Res:1-7, 2015 showed that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzo furanes (PCDFs) are found in commercially available (nano) particular titanium dioxide as a result of the fabrication. Here, we give a brief perspective and reason the toxicity of these new classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by reviewing also their nanoparticular properties, such as surface-to-volume ratio, photocatalytic activity, polarity shifts, and stealth effect. These insights point towards a new class of POPs and toxicologic effects, which are related to the size but not a result of nanotechnology itself. We pave the way to the understanding of until now unresolved very complex phenomena, such as the indoor exposure, formation, and transformation of POP and sick-building syndrome. This is a fundamental message for nanotoxicology and kinetics and should be taken into account when determining the toxicity of nanomaterials and POPs separately and as a combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schön
- NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science, Engineering, and Design, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Ctistis
- NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science, Engineering, and Design, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bakker
- NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science, Engineering, and Design, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor Luthe
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Luthe Pharma, Fabrikstrasse 2, 48599, Gronau, Germany.
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10
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Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Rajendran B, Avadhani GS, Ramalingam C, Kumar A. Microwave-irradiation-assisted hybrid chemical approach for titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesis: microbial and cytotoxicological evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12287-302. [PMID: 26976013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. It is used for protection against UV exposure due to its light-scattering properties and high refractive index. Though TNPs are increasingly used, the synthesis of TNPs is tedious and time consuming; therefore, in the present study, microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach was used for TNP synthesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNPs can be synthesized only in 2.5 h; however, the commonly used chemical approach using muffle furnace takes 5 h. The activity of TNP depends on the synthetic protocol; therefore, the present study also determined the effect of microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach synthetic protocol on microbial and cytotoxicity. The results showed that TNP has the best antibacterial activity in decreasing order from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The IC50 values of TNP for HCT116 and A549 were found to be 6.43 and 6.04 ppm, respectively. Cell death was also confirmed from trypan blue exclusion assay and membrane integrity loss was observed. Therefore, the study determines that the microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach is time-saving; hence, this technique can be upgraded from lab scale to industrial scale via pilot plant scale. Moreover, it is necessary to find the mechanism of action at the molecular level to establish the reason for greater bacterial and cytotoxicological toxicity. Graphical abstract A graphical representation of TNP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, Bihar, India.
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhavapriya Rajendran
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh S Avadhani
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chidambaram Ramalingam
- Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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11
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Titanium Dioxide Particle Type and Concentration Influence the Inflammatory Response in Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:576. [PMID: 27092499 PMCID: PMC4849032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles are widely used in cosmetics, sunscreens, biomedicine, and food products. When used as a food additive, TiO₂ nanoparticles are used in significant amounts as white food-coloring agents. However, the effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. The present study was designed to determine the effects of five TiO₂ particles of different crystal structures and sizes in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Twenty-four-hour exposure to anatase (primary particle size: 50 and 100 nm) and rutile (50 nm) TiO₂ particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner in THP-1 macrophages, but in not Caco-2 cells. However, 72-h exposure of Caco-2 cells to anatase (50 nm) TiO₂ particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (50 µg/mL) of anatase (100 nm), rutile (50 nm), and P25 TiO₂ particles also reduced cellular viability in Caco-2 cells. The production of reactive oxygen species tended to increase in both types of cells, irrespective of the type of TiO₂ particle. Exposure of THP-1 macrophages to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO₂ particles increased interleukin (IL)-1β expression level, and exposure of Caco-2 cells to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO₂ particles also increased IL-8 expression. The results indicated that anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles induced inflammatory responses compared with other TiO₂ particles. Further studies are required to determine the in vivo relevance of these findings to avoid the hazards of ingested particles.
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12
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Chen YW, Drury JL, Chung WO, Hobbs DT, Wataha JC. Titanates and Titanate-Metal Compounds in Biological Contexts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 26430701 DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664/1410009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions are notorious environmental contaminants, some causing toxicity at exquisitely low (ppm-level) concentrations. Yet, the redox properties of metal ions make them attractive candidates for bio-therapeutics. Titanates are insoluble particulate compounds of titanium and oxygen with crystalline surfaces that bind metal ions; these compounds offer a means to scavenge metal ions in environmental contexts or deliver them in therapeutic contexts while limiting systemic exposure and toxicity. In either application, the toxicological properties of titanates are crucial. To date, the accurate measurement of the in vitro toxicity of titanates has been complicated by their particulate nature, which interferes with many assays that are optical density (OD)-dependent, and at present, little to no in vivo titanate toxicity data exist. Compatibility data garnered thus far for native titanates in vitro are inconsistent and lacking in mechanistic understanding. These data suggest that native titanates have little toxicity toward several oral and skin bacteria species, but do suppress mammalian cell metabolism in a cells-pecific manner. Titanate compounds bind several types of metal ions, including some common environmental toxins, and enhance delivery to bacteria or cells. Substantial work remains to address the practical applicability of titanates. Nevertheless, titanates have promise to serve as novel vehicles for metal-based therapeutics or as a new class of metal scavengers for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wei Chen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, USA
| | - Jeanie L Drury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, USA ; Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, USA
| | - Whasun Oh Chung
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - John C Wataha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, USA
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Savabieasfahani M, Alaani S, Tafash M, Dastgiri S, Al-Sabbak M. Elevated titanium levels in Iraqi children with neurodevelopmental disorders echo findings in occupation soldiers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4127. [PMID: 25446717 PMCID: PMC4250563 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic release of pollutants into the environment is especially harmful to growing fetuses and young children. These populations are at an increased risk of damage because exposure to pollutants during critical periods of development can cause many impairments. Children's exposure to mixtures of metals could be responsible for the rising numbers of neurological disorders surfacing in Iraqi children. Titanium (Ti) and magnesium (Mg) are heavily used in war industries. Exposure to Ti and Mg has been linked to the dust in occupation soldiers' lungs. Hair samples of children in Hawija, Iraq (n = 13) contained significantly higher levels of Ti compared to Iranian children (n = 13) living near the Iraqi border (2080 ± 940 vs 707 ± 421 μg/kg, p < 0.0001). Magnesium was 1.7 times higher in Hawija children compared to Iranian children (115,763 ± 118,155 vs 67,650 ± 46,729 μg/kg). In samples from Hawija, Ti was 1.3 times higher in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (2198 ± 1108 vs 1942 ± 779 μg/kg), and Mg was 1.9 times higher in children without neurodevelopmental disorders (155,618 ± 140,791 vs 81,602 ± 91,940 μg/kg). Lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Hawija children with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 6) were 2.5, 2.2, and 1.37 times higher compared to non-disabled children (n = 7). To get a clear understanding of the current status of neurodevelopmental disorders in Iraqi children and to determine the magnitude of this suspected global health issue, registries should be set up to compile and aggregate data from hospitals, clinics, and health centers across the country. Functional registries can develop collaborations with researchers toward finding causes of these disorders in Iraqi children and toward preventing them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Alaani
- Fallujah General Hospital, Althubbadh District, Fallujah, 00964 Iraq
| | - M. Tafash
- Medical College, Al-Anbar University, Fallujah, 00964 Iraq
| | - S. Dastgiri
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166615739 Iran
| | - M. Al-Sabbak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Basra Maternity Hospital, Basra Medical School, P.O. Box 1633, Basra, Iraq
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