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Luo M, Luo P, Zhang Z, Payne K, Watson S, Wu H, Tan Y, Ding Y, Sun W, Yin X, Zhang X, Liu G, Wintergerst K, Miao L, Cai L. Zinc delays the progression of obesity-related glomerulopathy in mice via down-regulating P38 MAPK-mediated inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1244-56. [PMID: 27028368 PMCID: PMC7218660 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity, particularly child obesity, is one of the most common public health problems in the world and raises the risk of end-stage renal disease. Zinc (Zn) is essential for multiple organs in terms of normal structure and function; however, effects of Zn deficiency or supplementation among young individuals with obesity have not been well studied. METHODS Weaned mice were fed high-fat diets (HFD) with varied contents of Zn (Zn deficient, adequate, and supplemented) for 3 or 6 months. This study examined associations between renal pathogenesis and dietary Zn levels, specifically assessing inflammatory pathways by utilizing P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. RESULTS HFD feeding induced typical syndromes of obesity-related renal disorders, which worsened by Zn marginal deficiency. The progression of obesity-related renal disorders was delayed by Zn supplementation. HFD induced renal inflammation, reflected by increased P38 MAPK phosphorylation along with increases of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. P38 MAPK inhibition prevented renal pathological changes in mice fed with HFD and HFD/Zn deficiency. CONCLUSIONS P38 MAPK mediated the renal inflammatory responses, which played a central role in the pathogenesis of HFD-induced renal disorders. Zn could delay the progression of obesity-related kidney disease by down-regulating P38 MAPK-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kristen Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yushuang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gilbert Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
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Luo H, Wang X, Chen C, Wang J, Zou X, Li C, Xu Z, Yang X, Shi W, Zeng C. Oxidative stress causes imbalance of renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) components and hypertension in obese Zucker rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3851. [PMID: 25687731 PMCID: PMC4345876 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, especially in obesity‐related hypertension. The natriuretic and antinatriuretic components of the renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) maintain sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Here, we test the hypothesis that increased oxidative stress leads to the imbalance of RAS components and hypertension in obese Zucker rats. Methods and Results Lean and obese rats received vehicle or tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic in the drinking water for 4 weeks. Compared with vehicle‐treated lean rats, vehicle‐treated obese rats exhibited higher blood pressure and increased renal oxidative stress, accompanied by increased diuretic and natriuretic responses to AT1R antagonist (Candesartan) and AT2R agonist (CGP‐42112A) and reduced diuretic and natriuretic response to MasR agonist (Ang‐[1 to 7]). Moreover, obese rats had higher ACE, AT1R and AT2R, lower ACE2 and MasR expressions in the kidney. All of the above‐mentioned abnormalities were reversed to some degree by tempol treatment. In primary cultures of renal proximal tubular (RPT) cells from lean and obese rats, tempol treatment also increased AT2R, ACE2, and MasR expressions but decreased AT1R and ACE expressions in obese rats. Conclusions Taken together, our study indicated that the imbalance of renal RAS components was associated with increased oxidative stress in obese rats. Furthermore, antioxidant treatment with tempol reversed the imbalance of renal RAS components and led to diuresis and natriuresis, which, at least in part, explains the blood pressure‐lowering effect of antioxidant supplementation in obesity‐related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China (H.L., X.W., C.C., J.W., X.Z., C.L., Z.X., X.Y., W.S., C.Z.)
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Stacchiotti A, Favero G, Giugno L, Lavazza A, Reiter RJ, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in renal convoluted tubules of obese mice: protective role of melatonin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111141. [PMID: 25347680 PMCID: PMC4210266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common and complex health problem, which impacts crucial organs; it is also considered an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Few studies have analyzed the consequence of obesity in the renal proximal convoluted tubules, which are the major tubules involved in reabsorptive processes. For optimal performance of the kidney, energy is primarily provided by mitochondria. Melatonin, an indoleamine and antioxidant, has been identified in mitochondria, and there is considerable evidence regarding its essential role in the prevention of oxidative mitochondrial damage. In this study we evaluated the mechanism(s) of mitochondrial alterations in an animal model of obesity (ob/ob mice) and describe the beneficial effects of melatonin treatment on mitochondrial morphology and dynamics as influenced by mitofusin-2 and the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Melatonin dissolved in 1% ethanol was added to the drinking water from postnatal week 5–13; the calculated dose of melatonin intake was 100 mg/kg body weight/day. Compared to control mice, obesity-related morphological alterations were apparent in the proximal tubules which contained round mitochondria with irregular, short cristae and cells with elevated apoptotic index. Melatonin supplementation in obese mice changed mitochondria shape and cristae organization of proximal tubules, enhanced mitofusin-2 expression, which in turn modulated the progression of the mitochondria-driven intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These changes possibly aid in reducing renal failure. The melatonin-mediated changes indicate its potential protective use against renal morphological damage and dysfunction associated with obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Giugno
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, OIE Reference Laboratory for RHD, Brescia, Italy
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Stępień M, Stępień A, Wlazeł RN, Paradowski M, Banach M, Rysz M, Rysz J. Obesity indices and adipokines in non-diabetic obese patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:1063-72. [PMID: 24280776 PMCID: PMC3852621 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to estimate obesity parameters: waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body adiposity index (BAI), and serum adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and their associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine, and microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with early stages of CKD and in non-CKD obese patients. Material/Methods 67 non-diabetic obese (BMI ≥30 mg/kg2) out-clinic patients (25 males, 42 females), aged from 36.5 to 64 years were divided into 2 groups: Group A (n=15) – patients with early stages of CKD (eGFR between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or with MA >20 mg/l in morning urine sample independently from GFR) and Group B – patients without chronic CKD (n=52). Results In Group A compared to Group B, BAI and leptin were higher (42.2±7.1 vs. 37.5±7.0; p<0.05 and 51.8±26.7 ng/mL vs. 35.3±24.9 ng/mL; p<0.05; respectively) and negative correlations occurred between eGFR and BAI (r=−0.709; p=0.003), leptin (r=−0.68; p=0.005), and resistin (r=−0.528; p<0.05). In Group B, negative correlations occurred between creatinine and VAI (r=−0.332; p<0.05), BAI (r=−0.619; p<0.0001), leptin (r=−0.676; p<0.0001), and adiponectin (r=−0.423; p=0.002), and between eGFR and resistin (r=−0.276; p<0.05). Conclusions BAI may be a valuable obesity parameter as a predictor of early stages of CKD in patients with obesity. Leptin may be an important pathogenic factor in obese patients with early stages of CKD. Resistin is associated with eGFR in obese patients, independently of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Stępień
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
- Corresponding Author: Mariusz Stępień, e-mail:
| | - Anna Stępień
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | | | - Marek Paradowski
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Uniwersity of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rysz
- Student’s Scientific Academic Club, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
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