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Bao K, Zheng K, Zhou X, Chen B, He Z, Zhu D. The effects of nicotine withdrawal on exercise-related physical ability and sports performance in nicotine addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2302383. [PMID: 38213003 PMCID: PMC10791090 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2302383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has established that nicotine withdrawal can ameliorate cardiovascular and pulmonary function in smokers. Nevertheless, the impact on physical fitness and athletic performance remains under-investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluating the impacts of nicotine withdrawal on both exercise performance and exercise-associated physical capabilities in nicotine-dependent individuals. STUDY DESIGN A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The data was compiled from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and EBSCO. STUDY SELECTION The selection criteria required studies to elucidate the effects of nicotine withdrawal on exercise performance or exercise-related physical abilities. Moreover, the selected studies needed to provide discernible experimental results. DATA SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS The random effects model was employed in data analysis, utilizing the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate participants' exercise performance and physical abilities, referencing the Mean ±SD during baseline and withdrawal states. RESULTS Out of the selected studies, 10 trials were included, encompassing 13,538 participants aged 18 to 65 years. The findings suggest that nicotine withdrawal could potentially enhance sports performance (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.88; I^2 = 83%), particularly in terms of aerobic capacity. Short-term nicotine withdrawal (spanning 12 to 24 hours) might lead to a decline in participants' physical abilities in certain aspects like reaction time and sustained attention (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI: -1.91 to 0.25; I^2 = 79%), whereas long-term withdrawal (lasting 48 hours or more) demonstrated an opposing trend (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.39; I^2 = 81%). Overall, the results show that long-term nicotine withdrawal exhibited some positive impacts on sports performance and exercise-related physical ability, with the withdrawal duration being an indicator of subsequent physical performance. CONCLUSIONS Mid- to long-term (≥3 months) nicotine withdrawal significantly improved the exercisers' exercise-related physical ability and sports performance. Conversely, short-term (≤24 hours) nicotine withdrawal considerably hampered exercisers' performance and physical cognition. It is suggested that exercises avoid abrupt nicotine cessation prior to competitions, as long-term nicotine withdrawal has been shown to significantly enhance exercise-related physiological capacities and athletic performance. By referring to existing literatures we also found that athletes with existing nicotine addiction may could consume nicotine 15-30 minutes before competition to enhance athletic performance and physical function.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023411381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhe Bao
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Xianxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Baichao Chen
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Zerui He
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Danyang Zhu
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Education, Jinhua, China
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Read D, Cope E, Taylor L. Nicotine dependence in elite sport. Addiction 2024; 119:595-596. [PMID: 38123180 DOI: 10.1111/add.16417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Read
- Institute for Sport Business, Loughborough University London, London, UK
| | - Ed Cope
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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3
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Shandu NM, Mathunjwa ML, Shaw BS, Shaw I. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Aerobic Training on Health-Fitness, Health Related Quality of Life, and Psychological Measures in College-Aged Smokers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010653. [PMID: 36612974 PMCID: PMC9819471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of exercise on health-fitness, health related quality of life (HRQOL), and psychological measures in college-aged smokers. Outcomes included HRQOL, hemodynamic, anthropometric, lung function, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Sixty physically inactive college-aged male smokers (18-30 years) were randomly assigned into three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), continuous aerobic training (CAT), and a control (CON). Both HIIT and CAT groups completed 8 weeks of non-consecutive cycling sessions thrice weekly. The CON group were not subjected to the exercise intervention. Sixty participants met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 48 (HIIT: n = 18, CAT: n = 16, CON: n = 14) participants completed the study and were included in the final analysis. Compared to CON, HIIT significantly (p = 0.01) improved forced expiratory flow (FEF_75%) more than the CAT group (p = 0.29). HIIT provided a significant (p = 0.04) improvement in FEF_75% compared to CAT. Recovery heart rate (RHR) was significantly improved in participants assigned to HIIT (p = 0.00) and CAT (p = 0.002) groups compared with the CON. A significant difference in RHR was found in HIIT compared to CAT. The study findings indicate that both HIIT and CAT exercise interventions significantly improve markers of lung function and cardiorespiratory endurance, respectively. However, findings suggested that HIIT should be the preferred form of exercise regime among college-aged smokers for more significant, healthier benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nduduzo Msizi Shandu
- Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Musa Lewis Mathunjwa
- Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Brandon Stuwart Shaw
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Ina Shaw
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
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4
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Price JW. Osteopathic model of the development and prevention of occupational musculoskeletal disorders. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:287-305. [PMID: 33635956 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2020-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Context The direct and indirect costs of work-related musculoskeletal disorders are significant. Prevention is the most effective way to control these costs. To do that, we must understand how these disorders develop. Objectives To use the five models of osteopathic care to illustrate how cellular processes and neural reflexes interact to create work-related musculoskeletal pathology and to provide evidence-informed musculoskeletal injury and disability prevention recommendations. Methods A literature review of electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, and OSTMED.DR) from inception to October 16, 2019 and hand-search of publication references was performed for systematic reviews, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials. The search terms reflected topics related to occupational injury and injury prevention, and included supplementary laboratory studies and narrative reviews related to the biological aspects of musculoskeletal injury. The eligible studies contained the following criteria: (1) the population of working age; (2) exposures to known risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychosocial factors; (3) written in English; (4) full text papers published in peer-reviewed journals; and (5) systematic review, cohort study, case-control study, and randomized controlled trial methodology. Studies were excluded if they included outcomes of productivity and costs only or outcomes that were assessed through qualitative methods only. Results The literature search resulted in 1,074 citations; 26 clinical studies and 14 systematic reviews were used in this review. A comprehensive workplace musculoskeletal disorder prevention program should match demands to capacity, correct dysfunctional movement patterns, and limit tissue vulnerability (biomechanical-structural model); restore alpha-gamma balance, tonic-phasic synergistic function, and autonomic balance (neurological model); maximize physiologic reserve (metabolic-energy model) component of a prevention program; optimize respiration and circulation (respiratory-circulatory model); and address cognitive distortions (behavioral-biopsychosocial model). Conclusions The presented osteopathic model of the development and prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders suggests that a combination of preventive interventions will be more effective than any single preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- James William Price
- Ascension St. Vincent Occupational Medicine Clinic, Evansville, IN, USA.,College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marion University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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5
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Sengbusch JR, Tiernan DL, Tamulevicius N, Martinasek MP. The Impact of Smoking on Maximum Oxygen Uptake. Respir Care 2021; 66:857-861. [PMID: 33593934 PMCID: PMC9994129 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.08406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic literature review summarizes the impact of smoking on maximal oxygen uptake (maximum [Formula: see text]). METHODS Full-text articles were retrieved if the abstract met the assigned criteria. A total of 9 articles were included in the final review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These included articles assessed the effects of tobacco smoking on maximum [Formula: see text] values. RESULTS Half of the articles reported a significant difference in maximum [Formula: see text] scores between smokers and nonsmokers, with smokers having a lower maximum [Formula: see text]. The other half of the articles did not identify significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. One study found a significant difference in maximum [Formula: see text] in only one age group (ie, 20-29 y), but not any of the other age groups. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed on the effects of smoking on maximum [Formula: see text] to better understand any relationships or causations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Sengbusch
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida
| | - Delaney L Tiernan
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Mary P Martinasek
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida
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Tesema G, George M. Associations between cardiac troponin I and cardiovascular parameters after 12-week endurance training in young moderately trained amateur athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001065. [PMID: 33791107 PMCID: PMC7978269 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies were conducted only on elite athletes, and they investigate acute training responses of cardiac troponin I (CTnI). However, cardiac troponin was found to be elevated in young and inexperienced athletes than adults, and immature myocardium is more susceptible to injury, which needs further consideration. Aim Therefore, we aimed to observe the association between CTnI and cardiovascular parameters in response to chronic endurance training adaptation in young athletes. Methods Fifteen participants aged (19.5±1.3) years were selected and placed in endurance running at 70%–80% HRmax intensity for 35 min per training for the first week and additional 2 min each week from the second to the last week for 12 weeks. Serum cardiac troponin and cardiovascular parameters were assessed at pre-training and after 12 weeks of training. Result We find a significant CTnI level (p<0.05) and it is positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (BP) (r=0.425). Moreover, CTnI was statistically significant (p<0.01) and positively associated with mean arterial pressure (r=0.516) with a moderate correlation. Besides, CTnI showed a significant (p<0.001) and positive relationship with resting heart rate (r=0.605) and a moderate correlation. We did not find a significant relationship between CTnI and diastolic BP in response to endurance training adaptation. Conclusion In conclusion, serum CTnI was significantly and positively associated with cardiovascular parameters in young amateur athletes in response to 12-week endurance training adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Tesema
- Sport Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- Biochemistry, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Nations, Ethiopia
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Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020185. [PMID: 33572288 PMCID: PMC7914849 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have examined the relationship between smoking and physical fitness, they only considered current smoking status and the same fitness measurements regardless of age. This study investigated differences in physical fitness based on tobacco smoking habits. A total of 2830 non-elderly adults (NEA; 19–64 years) and 629 elderly (65–89 years) participated in the study, using data extracted from a Korean national database. One-way ANCOVA and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the results. The subjects were classified into three groups (smokers, those who had quit, and never-smokers). In NEA men, a significant difference was observed in 50-m dash (p = 0.003) and 20-m shuttle-run (p < 0.001), while in elderly men differences were only seen in sit-ups (p = 0.015). In the case of NEA and elderly women, no significant differences were observed in physical fitness levels (p > 0.05). The decreased fitness level due to smoking was more noticeable in men than in women, and in NEA more than in elderly persons. A non-smoking policy and customized training based on age or gender are necessary to increase fitness and improve health conditions.
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Singla S, Jhamb S, Singh KD, Kumar A. Depression affects autonomic system of the body? Yes, it does! JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:217. [PMID: 33062750 PMCID: PMC7530411 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_627_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a disorder of the brain, a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being and can cause alteration in sympathetic activity of the body, thus affecting heart rate variability (HRV). AIM The study was conducted to determine the effects of depression on HRV parameters in clinically known cases of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional (observational) study was conducted on fifty known patients of depression, aged 18-65 years, and fifty healthy, age-matched, normal controls. HRV test was conducted, and the results were analyzed statistically using Student's "t"-test for equal variance, for various parameters. RESULTS The study showed that the differences in mean R-R interval(s), mean HR (beats/min), very low frequency (VLF) power (milliseconds squared [ms2]), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) power (%) (LF/HF ratio) among controls and cases were statistically highly significant, while the differences in LF power (ms2) in controls and cases were statistically significant. However, the differences in basic anthropometric parameters, STD (standard deviation of the normal to normal)(s), root mean square successive difference (ms), NN50 (count), pNN50 (%), VLF peak (Hz), LF peak (Hz), HF peak (Hz), HF power (ms2), VLF power (%), LF power (%), HF power (%), LF power (nu), and HF power (nu) were found to be statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION Depression leads to changes in autonomic control of the body and changes the autonomic balance in favor of an increased sympathetic tone, which can be detected with fair accuracy with HRV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Singla
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Shikha Jhamb
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dev Singh
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Tesema G, George M, Mondal S, Mathivana D. Effects of one week different intensity endurance exercise on cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic markers in junior young athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000644. [PMID: 31673409 PMCID: PMC6797352 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endurance training in varied intensity zones are more likely to show different adaptive responses. However, it is still unclear the intensity level of endurance exercise in junior young athletes that may promote increased markers for cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic response. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1 week different intensity endurance training on markers of cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic response in young athletes. Methods Thirty apparently healthy male young athletes averaging 19.4±1.3 years of age were recruited and randomly assigned to two different intensity endurance training groups. The first group trained at 60% to 70% maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 45 min per session and the second group trained at 70% to 80% HRmax for 30 min per session for a period of 1 week three sessions per week. A pre-training and post-training, marker of cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic response was assessed for both groups. Results Both intensity training had no significant effect on markers of cardiorespiratory response within and between training groups (p>0.05). Whereas, cardiometabolic markers lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.001), cardiac troponin I (p=0.001) and creatine
kinase myocardial band (p=0.001) significantly increased at the end of 1 week within the group in both training groups (p≤0. 05). In the comparative analysis between groups, there was no significant difference in markers of cardiometabolic response (p>0.05). Conclusion 1 week 60% to 70% HRmax and 70% to 80% HRmax intensity zones induces similar acute effects on markers for cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory responses between groups and significant elevations of cardiometabolic markers within the groups in moderately trained young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Tesema
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational science, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia.,Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Sport science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - D Mathivana
- Department of Sport science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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10
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Chen YM, Huang CC, Sung HC, Lee MC, Hsiao CY. Electronic cigarette exposure reduces exercise performance and changes the biochemical profile of female mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2318-2326. [PMID: 31392935 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1651627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette(s) (EC) becoming a preferred replacement for nicotine delivery among many smokers in recent years. However, the effect of EC on human health is inconclusive due to a lack of empirical research investigating EC-induced health hazard or benefit. In this study, we examine the effect of vapor produced by EC on exercise performance and health-related profiles in a mouse model. Female ICR mice were divided into five groups (n = 6 per group) and exposed for 14 days. Our results indicate that EC exposure leads to dose-dependent decrease in the grip strength and swimming time of the mice. The EC-treated groups also showed a dose-dependent decrease in liver and muscle glycogen storage. In addition, EC treatment had no negative effect on levels of biochemical indices. We also did not detect any adverse effect or gross abnormalities on the morphology of the major organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chen
- Health Technology College, Jilin Sport University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Tesema G, George M, Mondal S, Mathivana D. Serum cardiac markers are inversely associated with VO 2max of amateur athletes in response to endurance training adaptations. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000537. [PMID: 31191977 PMCID: PMC6539158 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of endurance training intensity and adaptation on serum cardiac markers is poorly understood and controversial; however, no enough data observed the association of serum cardiac markers with VO2max. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether serum cardiac markers are associated with maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in response to 12-week endurance training on amateur athletes. Methods 15 apparently healthy male amateur athletes with 19.47 ± 1.30 years of age were recruited and participated in endurance training with 70%–80% maximal heart rate intensity for 35 min per session for the first week and 2 min increments each week from the second to the last week for a period of 12 weeks. VO2max and serum cardiac markers (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I [CTnI]) were assessed at the beginning of the training and after 12-week endurance training. Results The result of CTnI indicated significantly (p < 0.01) and inversely (r = − 0.466) correlated with VO2max and CK-MB indicated significantly (p < 0.01) and inversely associated with VO2max (r = − 0.536) with moderate relationship. However, we did not find a significant association on LDH (p > 0.05) with VO2max in response to endurance training adaptation. Conclusion Our finding confirms our hypothesis that serum cardiac markers are inversely associated with estimated VO2max in response to endurance training adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Tesema
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computetional Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - D Mathivana
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Murgia F, Melotti R, Foco L, Gögele M, Meraviglia V, Motta B, Steger A, Toifl M, Sinnecker D, Müller A, Merati G, Schmidt G, Rossini A, Pramstaller PP, Pattaro C. Effects of smoking status, history and intensity on heart rate variability in the general population: The CHRIS study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215053. [PMID: 30964923 PMCID: PMC6456196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the autonomous nervous system modulation on heart rate and is associated with several pathologies, including cardiac mortality. While mechanistic studies show that smoking is associated with lower HRV, population-based studies present conflicting results. Methods We assessed the mutual effects of active smoking status, cumulative smoking history, and current smoking intensity, on HRV among 4751 adults from the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. The HRV metrics standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) inter-beat intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences of consecutive NN intervals (RMSSD), total power (TP), low (LF) and high frequency (HF) power, and their ratio (LF/HF), were derived from 20-minute electrocardiograms. Smoking status, pack-years (PY), and tobacco grams/day from standardized questionnaires were the main exposures. We fitted linear mixed models to account for relatedness, non-linearity, and moderating effects, and including fractional polynomials. Results Past smokers had higher HRV levels than never smokers, independently of PY. The association of HRV with current smoking became apparent when accounting for the interaction between smoking status and PY. In current smokers, but not in past smokers, we observed HRV reductions between 2.0% (SDNN) and 4.9% (TP) every 5 PY increase. Furthermore, current smokers were characterized by dose-response reductions of 9.8% (SDNN), 8.9% (RMSSD), 20.1% (TP), 17.7% (LF), and 19.1% (HF), respectively, every 10 grams/day of smoked tobacco, independently of common cardiometabolic conditions and HRV-modifying drugs. The LF/HF ratio was not associated with smoking status, history, or intensity. Conclusions Smoking cessation was associated with higher HRV levels. In current smokers, heavier smoking intensity appears gradually detrimental on HRV, corroborating previous evidence. By affecting both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system indexes, but not the LF/HF balance, smoking intensity seems to exert a systemic dysautonomic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Murgia
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- * E-mail: (CP); (PP); (FM)
| | - Roberto Melotti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Gögele
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Motta
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexander Steger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Toifl
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano,Milano, Italy
- Centro di Medicina dello Sport, Fondazione Don C. Gnocchi, Milano, Italy
| | - Georg Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail: (CP); (PP); (FM)
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- * E-mail: (CP); (PP); (FM)
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Barboza ML, Barbosa ACB, Spina GD, Sperandio EF, Arantes RL, Gagliardi ARDT, Romiti M, Dourado VZ. Association between physical activity in daily life and pulmonary function in adult smokers. J Bras Pneumol 2017; 42:130-5. [PMID: 27167434 PMCID: PMC4853066 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562015000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL) is associated with pulmonary function in adult smokers. Methods: We selected 62 adult smokers from among the participants of an epidemiological study conducted in the city of Santos, Brazil. The subjects underwent forced spirometry for pulmonary function assessment. The level of PADL was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and triaxial accelerometry, the device being used for seven days. The minimum level of PADL, in terms of quantity and intensity, was defined as 150 min/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Correlations between the studied variables were tested with Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient, depending on the distribution of the variables. We used linear multiple regression in order to analyze the influence of PADL on the spirometric variables. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Evaluating all predictors, corrected for confounding factors, and using pulmonary function data as outcome variables, we found no significant associations between physical inactivity, as determined by accelerometry, and spirometric indices. The values for FVC were lower among the participants with arterial hypertension, and FEV1/FVC ratios were lower among those with diabetes mellitus. Obese participants and those with dyslipidemia presented with lower values for FVC and FEV1. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is no consistent association between physical inactivity and pulmonary function in adult smokers. Smoking history should be given special attention in COPD prevention strategies, as should cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcello Romiti
- Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular Angiocorpore, Santos, SP, Brasil
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Onrat E, Akci O. Comparison of heart rate variability and classic autonomic testing for detection of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:2140. [PMID: 28374575 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ersel Onrat
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Onder Akci
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Lauria VT, Sperandio EF, de Sousa TLW, de Oliveira Vieira W, Romiti M, de Toledo Gagliardi AR, Arantes RL, Dourado VZ. Evaluation of dose-response relationship between smoking load and cardiopulmonary fitness in adult smokers: A cross-sectional study. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2017; 23:79-84. [PMID: 28153628 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dose-response relationship between smoking load and cardiopulmonary fitness, as measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), in adult smokers free of respiratory diseases. METHODS After a complete clinical evaluation and spirometry, 95 adult smokers (35 men and 60 women) underwent CPET on a treadmill. RESULTS The physiological responses during CPET showed lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels, regardless of smoking load, with a peak [Formula: see text] lower than 100% of the expected value and a lower maximum heart rate. We observed a significant moderate negative correlation between smoking load and peak [Formula: see text] . The smoking load also presented a significant negative correlation with maximum heart rate(r=-0.36; p<0.05), lactate threshold(r=-0.45; p<0.05), and peak ventilation(r=-0.43; p<0.05). However, a dose-response relationship between smoking load quartiles and cardiopulmonary fitness was not found comparing quartiles of smoking loads after adjustment for age, sex and cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION There appears to be no dose-response relationship between SL and cardiopulmonary fitness in adult smokers with preserved pulmonary function, after adjusting the analysis for age and cardiovascular risk. Our results suggest that smoking cessation might be useful as the primary strategy to prevent cardiopulmonary fitness decline in smokers, regardless of smoking load. Thus, even a very low dose of tobacco use must be avoided in preventive strategies focusing on becoming people more physically active and fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Lauria
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
| | - E F Sperandio
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - T L W de Sousa
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - W de Oliveira Vieira
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - M Romiti
- Angiocorpore Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - R L Arantes
- Angiocorpore Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santos, Brazil
| | - V Z Dourado
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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