1
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Yang Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Gou S. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Derived from Erianin and Its Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300108. [PMID: 37058395 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can be designed by introducing dominant structures of natural products to enhance activity and efficacy while avoiding the toxicity from other targets. In this study, we reported a series of novel HDAC inhibitors based on erianin and amino erianin upon pharmacophore fusion strategy. Two representative compounds, N-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-5- (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl)phenoxy)acetamide and N-Hydroxy-8-((2-methoxy-5- (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl)phenyl)amino)octanamide, possessed good inhibitory effect against five cancer cells tested (IC50 =0.30-1.29 μΜ, 0.29-1.70 μΜ) with strong HDAC inhibition, and low toxicity toward L02 cells, which were selected for subsequent biological studies in PANC-1 cells. They were also found to promote the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, cause DNA damage, block the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and activate the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis, which are significant for the discovery of new HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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2
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Deacetylation induced nuclear condensation of HP1γ promotes multiple myeloma drug resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1290. [PMID: 36894562 PMCID: PMC9998874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired chemoresistance to proteasome inhibitors is a major obstacle in managing multiple myeloma but key regulators and underlying mechanisms still remain to be explored. We find that high level of HP1γ is associated with low acetylation modification in the bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells using SILAC-based acetyl-proteomics assay, and higher HP1γ level is positively correlated with poorer outcomes in the clinic. Mechanistically, elevated HDAC1 in the bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells deacetylates HP1γ at lysine 5 and consequently alleviates the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, as well as the aberrant DNA repair capacity. HP1γ interacts with the MDC1 to induce DNA repair, and simultaneously the deacetylation modification and the interaction with MDC1 enhance the nuclear condensation of HP1γ protein and the chromatin accessibility of its target genes governing sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors, such as CD40, FOS and JUN. Thus, targeting HP1γ stability by using HDAC1 inhibitor re-sensitizes bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells to proteasome inhibitors treatment in vitro and in vivo. Our findings elucidate a previously unrecognized role of HP1γ in inducing drug resistance to proteasome inhibitors of myeloma cells and suggest that targeting HP1γ may be efficacious for overcoming drug resistance in refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma patients.
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3
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Peng X, Li L, Chen J, Ren Y, Liu J, Yu Z, Cao H, Chen J. Discovery of Novel Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors with Enhanced Antitumor Immunity of Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2434-2457. [PMID: 35043615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylthiazole analogues were designed and synthesized as potential histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors based on compound 12c (an HDAC6/tubulin dual inhibitor discovered by us recently) and CAY10603 (a known HDAC6 inhibitor). Among them, compound XP5 was the most potent HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 31 nM and excellent HDAC6 selectivity (SI = 338 for HDAC6 over HDAC3). XP5 also displayed high antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines including the HDACi-resistant YCC3/7 gastric cancer cells (IC50 = 0.16-2.31 μM), better than CAY10603. Further, XP5 (50 mg/kg) exhibited significant antitumor efficacy in a melanoma tumor model with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 63% without apparent toxicity. Moreover, XP5 efficiently enhanced the in vivo antitumor immune response when combined with a small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitor, as demonstrated by the increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and reduced PD-L1 expression levels. Taken together, the above results suggest that XP5 is a promising HDAC6 inhibitor deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Yichang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Ziwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
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4
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The Use of Oncolytic Viruses in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225687. [PMID: 34830842 PMCID: PMC8616105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer caused by the uncontrolled growth of antibody producing B cells (known as plasma cells) that reside in the bone marrow. It is classed as a largely incurable cancer as whilst patients respond well to initial chemotherapy treatments, unfortunately after periods of disease remission, relapse usually occurs with the emergence of chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is a need for new approaches that not only reduce tumour load but also prevent tumour relapse. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) (tumour killing viruses) are being explored as a therapy for various cancers, including multiple myeloma. This review discusses the use of OVs in myeloma in preclinical model systems and early phase clinical trials, and discusses some of the hurdles involved in the translation to myeloma patients. Abstract Multiple myeloma accounts for 1% of all new cancers worldwide. It is the second most common haematological malignancy and has a low five-year survival rate (53.2%). Myeloma remains an incurable disease and is caused by the growth of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Current anti-myeloma therapies (conventional chemotherapies, immunomodulatory drugs i.e., thalidomide and its’ analogues, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and radiotherapy) initially substantially debulk tumour burden, but after a period of remission ‘plateau phase’ disease invariably relapses due to tumour recrudescence from foci of minimal residual disease (MRD) and accumulating drug resistance. Therefore, there is a compelling clinical need for the development of novel treatment regimens to target MRD and effectively eliminate all remaining tumour cells. This review will discuss the potential use of oncolytic virus (OV) therapies in the treatment of myeloma. Specifically, it will focus on preclinical studies using DNA viruses (adenovirus (Ad), vaccinia virus (VV), myxoma virus (MYXV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV)), RNA viruses (reovirus (reo), coxsackie virus, measles virus (MV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)), and on four types of viruses (VV, reo, MV-NIS and VSV-IFNβ-NIS) that have been assessed clinically in a small number of myeloma patients.
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5
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Tsai HC, Wei KC, Chen PY, Huang CY, Chen KT, Lin YJ, Cheng HW, Chen YR, Wang HT. Valproic Acid Enhanced Temozolomide-Induced Anticancer Activity in Human Glioma Through the p53-PUMA Apoptosis Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722754. [PMID: 34660288 PMCID: PMC8518553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal type of brain tumor in adults, has considerable cellular heterogeneity. The standard adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for GBM, temozolomide (TMZ), has a modest response rate due to the development of drug resistance. Multiple studies have shown that valproic acid (VPA) can enhance GBM tumor control and prolong survival when given in conjunction with TMZ. However, the beneficial effect is variable. In this study, we analyzed the impact of VPA on GBM patient survival and its possible correlation with TMZ treatment and p53 gene mutation. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of TMZ in combination with VPA were examined using both p53 wild-type and p53 mutant human GBM cell lines. Our analysis of clinical data indicates that the survival benefit of a combined TMZ and VPA treatment in GBM patients is dependent on their p53 gene status. In cellular experiments, our results show that VPA enhanced the antineoplastic effect of TMZ by enhancing p53 activation and promoting the expression of its downstream pro-apoptotic protein, PUMA. Our study indicates that GBM patients with wild-type p53 may benefit from a combined TMZ+VPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rou Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Doctor Degree Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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6
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Hai R, He L, Shu G, Yin G. Characterization of Histone Deacetylase Mechanisms in Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700947. [PMID: 34395273 PMCID: PMC8360675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over decades of studies, accumulating evidence has suggested that epigenetic dysregulation is a hallmark of tumours. Post-translational modifications of histones are involved in tumour pathogenesis and development mainly by influencing a broad range of physiological processes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are pivotal epigenetic modulators that regulate dynamic processes in the acetylation of histones at lysine residues, thereby influencing transcription of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Moreover, HDACs mediate the deacetylation process of many nonhistone proteins and thus orchestrate a host of pathological processes, such as tumour pathogenesis. In this review, we elucidate the functions of HDACs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan Hai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuer He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Peng X, Chen J, Li L, Sun Z, Liu J, Ren Y, Huang J, Chen J. Efficient Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Novel Dual Tubulin/Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8447-8473. [PMID: 34097389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel dual HDAC3/tubulin inhibitors were designed and efficiently synthesized by combining the pharmacophores of SMART (tubulin inhibitor) and MS-275 (HDAC inhibitor), among which compound 15c was found to be the most potent and balanced HDAC3/tubulin dual inhibitor with high HDAC3 activity (IC50 = 30 nM) and selectivity (SI > 1000) as well as excellent antiproliferative potency against various cancer cell lines, including an HDAC-resistant gastric cancer cell line (YCC3/7) with IC50 values in the range of 30-144 nM. Compound 15c inhibited B16-F10 cancer cell migration and colony formation. In addition, 15c demonstrated significant in vivo antitumor efficacy in a B16-F10 melanoma tumor model with a better TGI (70.00%, 10 mg/kg) than that of the combination of MS-275 and SMART. Finally, 15c presented a safe cardiotoxicity profile and did not cause nephro-/hepatotoxicity. Collectively, this work shows that compound 15c represents a novel tubulin/HDAC3 dual-targeting agent deserving further investigation as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yichang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junli Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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8
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Huang Y, Chen S, Wu S, Dong G, Sheng C. Evodiamine-inspired dual inhibitors of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) with potent antitumor activity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1294-1308. [PMID: 32874829 PMCID: PMC7452071 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A great challenge in multi-targeting drug discovery is to identify drug-like lead compounds with therapeutic advantages over single target inhibitors and drug combinations. Inspired by our previous efforts in designing antitumor evodiamine derivatives, herein selective histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) dual inhibitors were successfully identified, which showed potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor potency. Particularly, compound 30a was orally active and possessed excellent in vivo antitumor activity in the HCT116 xenograft model (TGI = 75.2%, 150 mg/kg, p.o.) without significant toxicity, which was more potent than HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, TOP inhibitor evodiamine and their combination. Taken together, this study highlights the therapeutic advantages of evodiamine-based HDAC1/TOP2 dual inhibitors and provides valuable leads for the development of novel multi-targeting antitumor agents.
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Key Words
- Antitumor activity
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CPT, camptothecin
- DIPEA, N,N-diisopropylethylamine
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- Dual inhibitors
- Eto, etoposide
- Evodiamine
- HATU, 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone deacetylase
- IP, intraperitoneal injection
- OD, optical density
- PI, propidium iodide
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TAE, Tris-acetate-EDTA
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition
- TOP, topoisomerase
- Topoisomerase
- ZBG, zinc-binding group
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9
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Wu Y, Wang L, Huang Y, Chen S, Wu S, Dong G, Sheng C. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Is a New Target of Antitumor Agent Chidamide. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:40-44. [PMID: 31938461 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chidamide is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that is currently used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in clinic. Herein nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) was identified to be a new target of chidamide on the basis of the pharmacophore analysis, molecular docking, biological assays, inhibitor design, and structure-activity relationship study. The polypharmacology of chidamide will provide important information for better understanding its antitumor mechanism. Also, design of dual NAMPT/HDAC inhibitors may serve as an effective strategy to develop novel antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanchao Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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10
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Ibrahim Uba A, Yelekçi K. Homology modeling of human histone deacetylase 10 and design of potential selective inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:3627-3636. [PMID: 30204052 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1521747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are implicated in the pathology of various cancers, and their pharmacological blockade has proven to be promising in reversing the malignant phenotypes. However, lack of crystal structures of some of the human HDAC isoforms (e.g., HDAC10) hinders the design of the isoform-selective inhibitor. Here, the recently solved X-ray crystal structure of Danio rerio (zebrafish) HDAC10 (Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID; 5TD7, released on 24 May 2017) was retrieved from the PDB and used as a template structure to model the three-dimensional structure of human HDAC10. The overall quality of the best model (M0017) was assessed by computing its z-score-a measure of the deviation of the total energy of the structure with respect to an energy distribution derived from random conformations and by docking of known HDAC10 inhibitors to its catalytic cavity. Furthermore, to identify potential HDAC10-selective inhibitor ligand-based virtual screening was carried out against the ZINC database. The free modeled structure of HDAC10 and its complexes with quisinostat and the highest-ranked compound ZINC19749069 were submitted to molecular dynamics simulation. The comparative analysis of root-mean-squared deviation, root-mean-squared fluctuation, radius of gyration (Rg), and potential energy of these systems showed that HDAC10-ZINC19749069 complex remained the most stable over time. Thus, M0017 could be potentially used for structure-based inhibitor against HDAC10, and ZINC19749069 may provide a scaffold for further optimization. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- a Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Kadir Has University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Centre for Biotechnology Research , Bayero University , Kano , Nigeria Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
| | - Kemal Yelekçi
- a Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Kadir Has University , Istanbul , Turkey
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11
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Compounds targeting class II histone deacetylases do not cause panHDACI-associated impairment of megakaryocyte differentiation. Exp Hematol 2019; 72:36-46. [PMID: 30611870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have demonstrated effectiveness against lymphomas and myelomas in clinical practice. However, common to all currently approved broad-acting HDACIs (panHDACIs) is dose-limiting thrombocytopenia, which has prevented wider use in cancer therapy. Using CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we show that megakaryocyte (MK) cell maturation and differentiation are impaired by panHDACIs, correlating to clinical thrombocytopenia. Importantly, we demonstrate that inhibitors of class II histone deacetylases (HDACs), including LMK235 and tubacin at clinically relevant concentrations, do not affect MK maturation. Furthermore, we show that HDACI-induced impairment of MK differentiation is associated with reduction of protein levels of the transcription factor GATA-1, but not tubulin hyperacetylation. Finally, we report that panHDACIs trigger a rapid loss of GATA-1 protein via a proteasome-dependent pathway. Our data support the notion that specifically targeting class II HDACs in cancer treatment is a potential strategy that would offer a safer alternative than current panHDACIs.
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12
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Resende Salgado L, Wang S, Adler A, Chang S, Ru M, Moshier E, Dharmarajan K, Jay Cho H, Bakst R. The Safety Profile of Concurrent Therapy for Multiple Myeloma in the Modern Era. Adv Radiat Oncol 2018; 4:112-117. [PMID: 30706018 PMCID: PMC6349658 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The management of multiple myeloma has evolved in the modern era, partially owing to the increasing number of biologic therapeutics. Nonetheless, radiation remains an important treatment in the management of painful lytic lesions from multiple myeloma. The goal of this study is to evaluate the side effect profile of radiation therapy (RT) while patients are concurrently treated with biologic agents. Methods and Materials We conducted a retrospective study based on data collected from patients receiving RT at our institute from 2007 to 2017. A total of 130 patients (279 treatment sites) were included in this study with a median follow-up time of 14 months. Patients were required to be receiving a biological agent at least within 1 month before starting and up to 1 month after RT. Generalized estimating equations with a log link function and binomial distribution were used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) and compare the side effects between patients with RT alone and RT + biologic agent. Results The median age of all patients in our cohort was 64 years, with 53 men (58.9%) and 37 women (41.1%). The mean Karnofsky performance status score of all cohorts was 80. No significant difference in incidence of acute (PR: 1.33; 95% CI, 0.80-2.22; P = .2660) or subacute (PR: 0.90; 95% CI, 0.49-1.67; P = .7464) toxicities was found between patients with or without biologic agents who were treated concurrently with RT. No significant difference was found in reduction in laboratory values between patients with or without biologic agents treated concurrently with RT for white blood cells (P = .6916), platelets (P = .7779), or hematocrit (P = .0858). Conclusions Our study did not detect any significant toxicity rates from palliative radiation while patients were concurrently treated with biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shutao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Ava Adler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sanders Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Meng Ru
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kavita Dharmarajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Richard Bakst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
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13
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Huang Y, Dong G, Li H, Liu N, Zhang W, Sheng C. Discovery of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Dual Inhibitors as a Novel Strategy for the Combinational Treatment of Leukemia and Invasive Fungal Infections. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6056-6074. [PMID: 29940115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, leukemia patients often suffer from the limited efficacy of chemotherapy and high risks of infection by invasive fungal pathogens. Herein, a novel therapeutic strategy was developed in which a small molecule can simultaneously treat leukemia and invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Novel Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual inhibitors were identified to possess potent anti-proliferative activity toward hematological cell lines and excellent synergistic effects with fluconazole to treat resistant Candida albicans infections. In particular, compound 20a, a highly active and selective JAK2/HDAC6 dual inhibitor, showed excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy in several acute myeloid leukemia (AML) models and synergized with fluconazole for the treatment of resistant C. albicans infections. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of JAK2/HDAC dual inhibitors in treating AML and IFIs and provides an efficient strategy for multitargeting drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Huang
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Huanqiu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
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14
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Garrido Castro P, van Roon EHJ, Pinhanços SS, Trentin L, Schneider P, Kerstjens M, Te Kronnie G, Heidenreich O, Pieters R, Stam RW. The HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) exerts in vivo anti-leukaemic activity against MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and involves the RNF20/RNF40/WAC-H2B ubiquitination axis. Leukemia 2018; 32:323-331. [PMID: 28690313 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) represents an aggressive malignancy in infants (<1 year of age), associated with poor outcome. Current treatment intensification is not further possible, and novel therapy strategies are needed. Notably, MLL-rearranged ALL is characterised by a strongly deregulated epigenome and shows sensitivity to epigenetic perturbators. Here we demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) using xenograft mouse models of MLL-rearranged ALL. Panobinostat monotherapy showed strong anti-leukaemic effects, extending survival and reducing overall disease burden. Comprehensive molecular analyses in vitro showed that this anti-leukaemic activity involves depletion of H2B ubiquitination via suppression of the RNF20/RNF40/WAC E3 ligase complex; a pivotal pathway for MLL-rearranged leukaemic maintenance. Knockdown of WAC phenocopied loss of H2B ubiquitination and concomitant cell death induction. These combined data demonstrate that panobinostat cross-inhibits multiple epigenetic pathways, ultimately contributing to its highly efficacious targeting of MLL-rearranged ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garrido Castro
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E H J van Roon
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S S Pinhanços
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Trentin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Schneider
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kerstjens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Te Kronnie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - O Heidenreich
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- North of England Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle and Durham Universities, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Pieters
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R W Stam
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Chen W, Dong G, Wu Y, Zhang W, Miao C, Sheng C. Dual NAMPT/HDAC Inhibitors as a New Strategy for Multitargeting Antitumor Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:34-38. [PMID: 29348808 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel dual nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were designed by a pharmacophore fusion approach. The thiazolocarboxamide inhibitors were highly active for both targets. In particular, compound 7f (NAMPT IC50 = 15 nM, HDAC1 IC50 = 2 nM) showed potent in vivo antitumor efficacy in the HCT116 xenograft model. The study offers a new strategy for multitarget antitumor drug discovery by simultaneously acting on cancer metabolism and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoyu Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Gendarme M, Baumann J, Ignashkova TI, Lindemann RK, Reiling JH. Image-based drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as novel Golgi disruptors synergizing with JQ1. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3756-3772. [PMID: 29074567 PMCID: PMC5739293 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is increasingly recognized as a major hub for cellular signaling and is involved in numerous pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study of Golgi stress-induced signaling pathways relies on the selectivity of the available tool compounds of which currently only a few are known. To discover novel Golgi-fragmenting agents, transcriptomic profiles of cells treated with brefeldin A, golgicide A, or monensin were generated and compared with a database of gene expression profiles from cells treated with other bioactive small molecules. In parallel, a phenotypic screen was performed for compounds that alter normal Golgi structure. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents were identified as novel Golgi disruptors. Further analysis identified HDAC1/HDAC9 as well as BRD8 and DNA-PK as important regulators of Golgi breakdown mediated by HDAC inhibition. We provide evidence that combinatorial HDACi/(+)-JQ1 treatment spurs synergistic Golgi dispersal in several cancer cell lines, pinpointing a possible link between drug-induced toxicity and Golgi morphology alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Baumann
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralph K Lindemann
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan H Reiling
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Dong G, Chen W, Wang X, Yang X, Xu T, Wang P, Zhang W, Rao Y, Miao C, Sheng C. Small Molecule Inhibitors Simultaneously Targeting Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetics: Discovery of Novel Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Dual Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7965-7983. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinglin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianying Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoyu Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Maly JJ, Christian BA, Zhu X, Wei L, Sexton JL, Jaglowski SM, Devine SM, Fehniger TA, Wagner-Johnston ND, Phelps MA, Bartlett NL, Blum KA. A Phase I/II Trial of Panobinostat in Combination With Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:347-353. [PMID: 28622959 PMCID: PMC6033275 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenalidomide and panobinostat have shown single-agent efficacy of 14% to 50% and 27% to 58%, respectively, in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). This phase I/II study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and efficacy of lenalidomide combined with panobinostat in relapsed/refractory HL. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the phase I trial, previously treated patients with classical or lymphocyte-predominant HL received escalating doses of lenalidomide on days 1 to 21 and panobinostat 3 times a week (TIW) every 28 days. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined during cycle 1. When the MTD was determined, a phase II study was conducted to determine overall response (OR). RESULTS Twenty-four patients enrolled; 11 in the phase I and 13 in phase II portions. No DLTs were observed but 2 patients who received 25 mg lenalidomide and 20 mg panobinostat experienced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia > 14 days in cycle 2, leading to selection of 25 mg lenalidomide on days 1 to 21 and 15 mg panobinostat TIW for the phase II dose. In all 24 patients, Grade 3 to 4 toxicities consisted of neutropenia (58%), thrombocytopenia (42%), lymphopenia (25%), and febrile neutropenia (25%). OR was 16.7% (2 complete response [CR] and 2 partial response). One patient with CR had lymphocyte-predominant HL and received 22 cycles. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.8 and 16.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Although the combination of panobinostat and lenalidomide appears safe in patients with relapsed/refractory HL, the limited efficacy and significant rates of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia observed do not support further evaluation of this combination in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Maly
- The Ohio State University, James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
| | | | - Xiaohua Zhu
- The Ohio State University, James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Lai Wei
- The Ohio State University, James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Steven M Devine
- The Ohio State University, James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Mitch A Phelps
- The Ohio State University, James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Kristie A Blum
- The Ohio State University, James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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19
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Jeannot V, Busser B, Vanwonterghem L, Michallet S, Ferroudj S, Cokol M, Coll JL, Ozturk M, Hurbin A. Synergistic activity of vorinostat combined with gefitinib but not with sorafenib in mutant KRAS human non-small cell lung cancers and hepatocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6843-6855. [PMID: 27877053 PMCID: PMC5108607 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of drug resistance limits the efficacy of targeted therapies. Alternative approaches using different combinations of therapeutic agents to inhibit several pathways could be a more effective strategy for treating cancer. The effects of the approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (gefitinib) or a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor (sorafenib) in combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (vorinostat) on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and signaling pathway activation in human lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocarcinoma cells with wild-type EGFR and mutant KRAS were investigated. The effects of the synergistic drug combinations were also studied in human lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocarcinoma cells in vivo. The combination of gefitinib and vorinostat synergistically reduced cell growth and strongly induced apoptosis through inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/protein kinase B (IGF-1R/AKT)-dependent signaling pathway. Moreover, the gefitinib and vorinostat combination strongly inhibited tumor growth in mice with lung adenocarcinoma or hepatocarcinoma tumor xenografts. In contrast, the combination of sorafenib and vorinostat did not inhibit cell proliferation compared to a single treatment and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest without apoptosis. The sorafenib and vorinostat combination sustained the IGF-1R-, AKT-, and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways. These results showed that there was synergistic cytotoxicity when vorinostat was combined with gefitinib for both lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocarcinoma with mutant KRAS in vitro and in vivo but that the combination of vorinostat with sorafenib did not show any benefit. These findings highlight the important role of the IGF-1R/AKT pathway in the resistance to targeted therapies and support the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors in combination with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially for treating patients with mutant KRAS resistant to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Jeannot
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Busser
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France; Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Vanwonterghem
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Michallet
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sana Ferroudj
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Murat Cokol
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Mehmet Ozturk
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France; Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eyul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amandine Hurbin
- INSERM U1209, Department Cancer Targets and Experimental Therapeutics, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
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