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So YJ, Lee JU, Yang GS, Yang G, Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim JU. The Potentiality of Natural Products and Herbal Medicine as Novel Medications for Parkinson's Disease: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1071. [PMID: 38256144 PMCID: PMC10816678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is steadily on the rise. PD demonstrates chronic and progressive characteristics, and many cases can transition into dementia. This increases societal and economic burdens, emphasizing the need to find effective treatments. Among the widely recognized causes of PD is the abnormal accumulation of proteins, and autophagy dysfunction accelerates this accumulation. The resultant Lewy bodies are also commonly found in Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting an increased potential for the onset of dementia. Additionally, the production of free radicals due to mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neuronal damage and degeneration. The activation of astrocytes and the M1 phenotype of microglia promote damage to dopamine neurons. The drugs currently used for PD only delay the clinical progression and exacerbation of the disease without targeting its root cause, and come with various side effects. Thus, there is a demand for treatments with fewer side effects, with much potential offered by natural products. In this study, we reviewed a total of 14 articles related to herbal medicines and natural products and investigated their relevance to possible PD treatment. The results showed that the reviewed herbal medicines and natural products are effective against lysosomal disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, key mechanisms underlying PD. Therefore, natural products and herbal medicines can reduce neurotoxicity and might improve both motor and non-motor symptoms associated with PD. Furthermore, these products, with their multi-target effects, enhance bioavailability, inhibit antibiotic resistance, and might additionally eliminate side effects, making them good alternative therapies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin So
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Seung Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
- Da CaPo Co., Ltd., 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
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Wang Z, Yi C, Chen K, Wang T, Deng K, Jin C, Hao G. Enhancing monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activity via chiral fluorination: Structure-activity relationship, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114025. [PMID: 34871839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. Currently, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are extensively used for PD in clinics. In this work, a series of novel chiral fluorinated pyrrolidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. In vitro biological evaluations revealed that compound D5 was the most potent, selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.019 μM, MAO-A/MAO-B selectivity index = 2440), which was 10-fold than that of miracle drug safinamide (IC50 = 0.163 μM, MAO-A/MAO-B selectivity index = 172). It was verified that the enhanced hydrophobic interaction of D5 improved the activity against MAO-B in molecular docking study. Besides, D5 exhibited excellent metabolic properties and pharmacokinetic profiles in monkeys and rats. Moreover, D5 displayed more efficacious than safinamide in vivo models. In the MPTP-induced PD mouse model, D5 significantly alleviated DA deficits and increased the effect of levodopa on dopamine concentration in the striatum. Meanwhile, D5 produced a prominent reduction in tremulous jaw movements induced by galantamine. Accordingly, we present D5 as a novel, highly potent, and selective MAO-B inhibitor for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chao Yi
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Kangzhi Chen
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Kang Deng
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Chuanfei Jin
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China.
| | - Gefei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Design of novel monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors based on piperine scaffold: Structure-activity-toxicity, drug-likeness and efflux transport studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111770. [PMID: 31711793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Piperine has been associated with neuroprotective effects and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, thus being an attractive scaffold to develop new antiparkinsonian agents. Accordingly, we prepared a small library of piperine derivatives and screened the inhibitory activities towards human MAO isoforms (hMAO-A and hMAO-B). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies pointed out that the combination of α-cyano and benzyl ester groups increased both potency and selectivity towards hMAO-B. Kinetic experiments with compounds 7, 10 and 15 indicated a competitive hMAO-B inhibition mechanism. Compounds 15 and 16, at 10 μM, caused a small but significant decrease in P-gp efflux activity in Caco-2 cells. Compound 15 stands out as the most potent piperine-based hMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 47.4 nM), displaying favourable drug-like properties and a broad safety window. Compound 15 is thus a suitable candidate for lead optimization and the development of multitarget-directed ligands.
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Sawant VS, Park H, Baek SY, Lee J, Choi JW, Park KD, Choi KI, Seong J, Lee S, Choo H. Benzoxazoles as Selective Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO‐B) Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S. Sawant
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Park
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yoon Baek
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jieon Lee
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Il Choi
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for Neuro‐Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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Tautomerism of N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide – A new selective, highly potent and reversible MAO-B inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Torregrosa R, Yang XF, Dustrude ET, Cummins TR, Khanna R, Kohn H. Chimeric derivatives of functionalized amino acids and α-aminoamides: compounds with anticonvulsant activity in seizure models and inhibitory actions on central, peripheral, and cardiac isoforms of voltage-gated sodium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3655-66. [PMID: 25922183 PMCID: PMC4461516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Six novel 3″-substituted (R)-N-(phenoxybenzyl) 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamides were prepared and then assessed using whole-cell, patch-clamp electrophysiology for their anticonvulsant activities in animal seizure models and for their sodium channel activities. We found compounds with various substituents at the terminal aromatic ring that had excellent anticonvulsant activity. Of these compounds, (R)-N-4'-((3″-chloro)phenoxy)benzyl 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-5) and (R)-N-4'-((3″-trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)benzyl 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-9) exhibited high protective indices (PI=TD50/ED50) comparable with many antiseizure drugs when tested in the maximal electroshock seizure test to mice (intraperitoneally) and rats (intraperitoneally, orally). Most compounds potently transitioned sodium channels to the slow-inactivated state when evaluated in rat embryonic cortical neurons. Treating HEK293 recombinant cells that expressed hNaV1.1, rNaV1.3, hNaV1.5, or hNaV1.7 with (R)-9 recapitulated the high levels of sodium channel slow inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Torregrosa
- NeuroGate Therapeutics, Inc., 150 Fayetteville Street, Suite 2300, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85742, United States
| | - Erik T Dustrude
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85742, United States
| | - Harold Kohn
- NeuroGate Therapeutics, Inc., 150 Fayetteville Street, Suite 2300, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Manohar M, Banister SD, Beinat C, O'Brien-Brown J, Kassiou M. Recent Advances in the Development of Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The existence of two distinct sigma (σ) receptor subtypes was established in the early 1990s. Sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors (S1Rs and S2Rs, respectively) were shown to possess distinct molecular size, anatomical distribution, and ligand discrimination. S2R is overexpressed in numerous human cancers, and has therapeutic potential for the imaging and treatment of certain tumours. In contrast, S1R is more broadly involved in a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including motor disorders, memory deficits, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, pain, drug addiction, and many more. Since the human S1R was cloned in 1996, numerous high affinity ligands with excellent selectivity for S1R have been developed. This review focuses on recent developments in the generation of structurally diverse S1R-selective ligands and novel therapeutic candidates targeting S1Rs.
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Tzvetkov NT, Hinz S, Küppers P, Gastreich M, Müller CE. Indazole- and Indole-5-carboxamides: Selective and Reversible Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors with Subnanomolar Potency. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6679-703. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Petra Küppers
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Gastreich
- BioSolveIT GmbH, An der Ziegelei 79, 53757 St. Augustin, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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