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Zhang T, Yang D, Tang L, Hu Y. Current development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibodies (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:148. [PMID: 38940338 PMCID: PMC11228696 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) seriously affected global public health security. Studies on vaccines, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and small molecule antiviral drugs are currently ongoing. In particular, NAbs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their well‑defined mechanism, high specificity, superior safety profile, ease of large‑scale production and simultaneous application for both prevention and treatment of viral infection. Numerous NAb therapeutics have entered the clinical research stages, demonstrating promising therapeutic and preventive effects. These agents have been used for outbreak prevention and control under urgent authorization processes. The present review summarizes the molecular targets of SARS‑CoV‑2‑associated NAbs and screening and identification techniques for NAb development. Moreover, the current shortcomings and challenges that persist with the use of NAbs are discussed. The aim of the present review is to offer a reference for the development of NAbs for any future emergent infectious diseases, including SARS‑CoV‑2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Alvandi M, Shaghaghi Z, Fatehi Z, Naghshtabrizi B, Mohammadi T, Nikzad S. Exploring the impact of recent COVID-19 infection on perfusion and functional parameters derived from gated myocardial perfusion imaging in patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01946-0. [PMID: 38806866 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to evaluate how recent COVID-19 infection affects myocardial perfusion and functional parameters derived from gated myocardial perfusion imaging in patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease. The goal is to enhance our understanding of COVID-19's influence on the cardiovascular system. METHOD Conducted at Farshchian Heart Hospital from 2022 to 2023, this case-control study enrolled patients suspected of coronary artery disease, stratified into two groups: those with confirmed COVID-19 infection within the past 6 months (study group) and those without prior COVID-19 infection (control group). Employing a 2-day protocol, stress testing and gated SPECT MPI were performed. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Student's t test, and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULT Among the 86 patients included, 43 were in each group. Significantly higher summed stress core and summed difference score values were observed in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the study group exhibited significantly altered global left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume (p < 0.05). Non-perfusion findings, including transient ischemic dilation and transient right ventricular visualization, were more prevalent in the study group. CONCLUSION Recent COVID-19 infection is associated with impaired myocardial perfusion and altered functional parameters as detected by MPI. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between COVID-19 and cardiovascular health, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive evaluation and management strategies to address cardiac complications in affected individuals. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize patient care in the context of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Zhino Fatehi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Behshad Naghshtabrizi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Heart Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tayeb Mohammadi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Safoora Nikzad
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Bouchlarhem A, Boulouiz S, Bazid Z, Ismaili N, El Ouafi N. Is There a Causal Link Between Acute Myocarditis and COVID-19 Vaccination: An Umbrella Review of Published Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2024; 18:11795468231221406. [PMID: 38249317 PMCID: PMC10798131 DOI: 10.1177/11795468231221406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction A few months after the beginning of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, several reports of myocarditis secondary to the vaccines were published, sometimes with fulminant cases, but until today there is no proven causal link between these 2 events, but with many hypotheses proposed. Methods A systematic review of current evidence regarding myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination was performed by searching several databases including PubMed/Medline and Web of Science. The quality of Meta-analysis was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool as well as other qualitative criteria. Results Our umbrella review appraised 4 Meta-analysis of retrospective studies (range: 5-12), The number of vaccine doses included ranged from 12 to 179 million, with the number of myocarditis cases observed ranging from 343 to 1489. All types of vaccines were evaluated, with no exclusions. The overall incidence ranged from 0.89 to 2.36 cases of myocarditis per 100 000 doses of vaccine received. Heterogeny was assessed in 3 of the Meta-analysis, and was highly significant (>75%) in all included studies, and with a significant P-value (P < .05). Regarding publication bias, 3 of the Meta-analysis conducted the egger and begg regression, with a significant result in only 1. Regarding the assessment of the methodology by the AMSTAR-2 scale indicating that the quality was very critical in 1, low in 2, and moderate in 1 Meta-analysis. Conclusion The quality of current non-randomized evidence on real causality and incidence of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccine is still low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bouchlarhem
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Soumia Boulouiz
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Bazid
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nabila Ismaili
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, LAMCESM, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Noha El Ouafi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, LAMCESM, Oujda, Morocco
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Ciarmiello A, Tutino F, Giovannini E, Milano A, Barattini M, Yosifov N, Calvi D, Setti M, Sivori M, Sani C, Bastreri A, Staffiere R, Stefanini T, Artioli S, Giovacchini G. Multivariable Risk Modelling and Survival Analysis with Machine Learning in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7164. [PMID: 38002776 PMCID: PMC10672177 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the performance of a machine learning model based on demographic variables, blood tests, pre-existing comorbidities, and computed tomography(CT)-based radiomic features to predict critical outcome in patients with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 694 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Clinical and demographic data were extracted from clinical records. Radiomic data were extracted from CT. Patients were randomized to the training (80%, n = 556) or test (20%, n = 138) dataset. The training set was used to define the association between severity of disease and comorbidities, laboratory tests, demographic, and CT-based radiomic variables, and to implement a risk-prediction model. The model was evaluated using the C statistic and Brier scores. The test set was used to assess model prediction performance. RESULTS Patients who died (n = 157) were predominantly male (66%) over the age of 50 with median (range) C-reactive protein (CRP) = 5 [1, 37] mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) = 494 [141, 3631] U/I, and D-dimer = 6.006 [168, 152.015] ng/mL. Surviving patients (n = 537) had median (range) CRP = 3 [0, 27] mg/dL, LDH = 484 [78, 3.745] U/I, and D-dimer = 1.133 [96, 55.660] ng/mL. The strongest risk factors were D-dimer, age, and cardiovascular disease. The model implemented using the variables identified using the LASSO Cox regression analysis classified 90% of non-survivors as high-risk individuals in the testing dataset. In this sample, the estimated median survival in the high-risk group was 9 days (95% CI; 9-37), while the low-risk group did not reach the median survival of 50% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A machine learning model based on combined data available on the first days of hospitalization (demographics, CT-radiomics, comorbidities, and blood biomarkers), can identify SARS-CoV-2 patients at risk of serious illness and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciarmiello
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Tutino
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Giovannini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Amalia Milano
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Barattini
- Radiology Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (M.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Nikola Yosifov
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Debora Calvi
- Infectius Diseases Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (D.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Maurizo Setti
- Internal Medicine Unit, Ospedale San Bartolomeo, 19138 Sarzana, Italy;
| | | | - Cinzia Sani
- Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bastreri
- Emergency Department, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy;
| | | | - Teseo Stefanini
- Radiology Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (M.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Stefania Artioli
- Infectius Diseases Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (D.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Giampiero Giovacchini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
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Mink S, Saely CH, Frick M, Leiherer A, Drexel H, Fraunberger P. Association between Lipid Levels, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies and COVID-19 Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5068. [PMID: 37568470 PMCID: PMC10420155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that both lipid levels and anti-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels are associated with outcome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While both parameters have separately been implicated in the neutralization and clearance of pathogens during severe infections, it is currently unclear whether the interplay of these parameters affects outcome in COVID-19. We therefore aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between lipoproteins, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and COVID-19 mortality. METHODS In this prospective, multicenter cohort study, we recruited 1152 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from five hospitals. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies were measured on hospital admission. The investigated endpoint was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC were significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors (mg/dL, 95%CI; 56.1, 50.4-61.8 vs. 72.6, 70.2-75.0, p < 0.001; 34.2, 31.7-36.8 vs. 38.1, 37.2-39.1, p = 0.025; 139.3, 130.9-147.7 vs. 157.4, 54.1-160.6, p = 0.002). Mortality risk increased progressively with lower levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC (aOR 1.73, 1.30-2.31, p < 0.001; 1.44, 1.10-1.88, p = 0.008; 1.49, 1.14-1.94, p < 0.001). Mortality rates varied between 2.1% for high levels of both LDL-C and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and 16.3% for low levels of LDL-C and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (aOR 9.14, 95%CI 3.17-26.34, p < 0.001). Accordingly, for total cholesterol and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, mortality rates varied between 2.1% and 15.0% (aOR 8.01, 95%CI 2.77-23.18, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The combination of serum lipid levels and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19. Patients with low levels of LDL-C and total cholesterol combined with low levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies exhibited the highest mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Christoph H. Saely
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
- VIVIT Institute, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Matthias Frick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Andreas Leiherer
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
- VIVIT Institute, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
- VIVIT Institute, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Peter Fraunberger
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
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