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Kusuma IY, Muddather HF, Kurnianto AA, Bahar MA, Kurniasih KI, Tololiu KE, Schelz Z, Zupkó I, Matuz M, Benkő R. Telepharmacy in Indonesia: Navigating Knowledge, Perception, and Readiness Among 6,000 Pharmacists and Related Sociodemographic Determinants. Telemed J E Health 2024. [PMID: 38920005 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Telepharmacy can improve the delivery of pharmaceutical care services to patients. However, there are limited data regarding the knowledge, perceptions, and readiness (KPR) for telepharmacy in Indonesia. In this cross-sectional survey study, we assessed KPR and associated factors among Indonesian pharmacists, aiming to implement telepharmacy services in the future. Methods: Eligible participants were recruited from all provinces of Indonesia through a 24-item instrument. KPR scores were classified as low, moderate, and high. Sociodemographic characteristics and KPR of participants were summarized using descriptive statistics. Bivariate/multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent determinants of KPR. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each determinant. Results: A total of 6,059 pharmacists provided responses. Overall, 58.28% had a high knowledge score, and 63.51% expressed moderate perceptions toward telepharmacy services. Moreover, 70.21% showed a moderate level of readiness. Gender (male; AOR: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.06-1.39]), stable internet access (AOR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64-0.86]), and central region (AOR: 1.13 [95% CI: 0.99-1.29]) were significantly associated with perception toward telepharmacy. Readiness was significantly associated with age (17-25 years; AOR: 0.73 [95% CI: (0.60-0.89]), gender (male; AOR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.72-0.95]), stable internet access (AOR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64-0.89]), education level (master/doctoral; AOR: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.06-1.67]), and central region (AOR: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.12-1.49]). Interestingly, knowledge levels were not significantly correlated with specific factors. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated high knowledge, without significant influencing factors. However, they showed moderate perceptions and readiness levels, influenced by sociodemographic factors, including gender, age, education level, internet access, and regional disparities. Therefore, targeted interventions (e.g., telepharmacy training and regional outreach) are imperative to enhancing perceptions and readiness, fostering the effective integration of telepharmacy services, and advancing pharmaceutical care in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto 53182, Indonesia
| | - Hiba F Muddather
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Arie Arizandi Kurnianto
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Muh Akbar Bahar
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Kevin Efrain Tololiu
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Schelz
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Maria Matuz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
| | - Ria Benkő
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Emergency Department, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
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Hamilton RA, Courtenay M, Frost KJ, Harrison R, Root H, Allison DG, Tonna AP, Ashiru-Oredope D, Aldeyab MA, Shemilt K, Martin SJ. Implementation of the national antimicrobial stewardship competencies for UK undergraduate healthcare professional education within undergraduate pharmacy programmes: a survey of UK schools of pharmacy. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad095. [PMID: 37560542 PMCID: PMC10409409 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists play a key role in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Consensus-based national AMS competencies for undergraduate healthcare professionals in the UK reflect the increasing emphasis on competency-based healthcare professional education. However, the extent to which these are included within undergraduate pharmacy education programmes in the UK is unknown. OBJECTIVES To explore which of the AMS competencies are delivered, including when and at which level, within UK undergraduate MPharm programmes. METHODS A cross-sectional online questionnaire captured the level of study of the MPharm programme in which each competency was taught, the method of delivery and assessment of AMS education, and examples of student feedback. RESULTS Ten institutions completed the survey (33% response rate). No institution reported covering all 54 AMS competencies and 5 of these were taught at half or fewer of the institutions. Key gaps were identified around taking samples, communication, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy and surgical prophylaxis. The minimum time dedicated to AMS teaching differed between institutions (range 9-119 h), teaching was generally through didactic methods, and assessment was generally through knowledge recall and objective structured clinical examinations. Feedback from students suggests they find AMS and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to be complex yet important topics. CONCLUSIONS UK schools of pharmacy should utilize the competency framework to identify gaps in their AMS, AMR and infection teaching. To prepare newly qualified pharmacists to be effective at delivering AMS and prescribing antimicrobials, schools of pharmacy should utilize more simulated environments and clinical placements for education and assessment of AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hamilton
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Molly Courtenay
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 0AB, Wales
| | - Kevin J Frost
- Pharmacy Department, Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, Keighley BD20 6TD, UK
| | - Roger Harrison
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Helen Root
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - David G Allison
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Antonella P Tonna
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, UK
| | - Diane Ashiru-Oredope
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Mamoon A Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Katherine Shemilt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Sandra J Martin
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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Cohen A. Role of the European Pharmacist in the Implementation of the Latest WHO Guidelines for Malaria. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050729. [PMID: 37242399 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the publication a few months ago of the new WHO guidelines for malaria, the European pharmacist, even out of endemic areas, as a health care professional and advisor, has a major role to play in their effective implementation and in the interest of public health. The pharmacist is central in the health care system to ensure the correct application of these recommendations and to perform a decisive role in the prevention of malaria infections, both in the adapted pharmaceutical advice on personal protection against biting vector insects on the one hand, and in the pharmaceutical analysis and recommendations concerning antimalarial chemoprophylaxis prescriptions on the other hand. Physicians and pharmacist biologists, as well as hospital pharmacists, are also important for the analysis and treatment of effective malaria cases, particularly in the management of the diagnostic and therapeutic emergency that a P. falciparum infection represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cohen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aix-Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, F-13005 Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Pharmaceutical Expertise and Clinical Research Unit, Pharmacy Department, APHM, F-13000 Marseille, France
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Nasr ZG, Elamin W, Basil M, Eljaaly K. Pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship interventions in patients with COVID-19: a scoping review. Int J Clin Pharm 2023:10.1007/s11096-023-01574-0. [PMID: 37162655 PMCID: PMC10171144 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease that can be treated with antivirals in addition to other antimicrobials in cases of secondary or concomitant infections. This creates potential for antimicrobials misuse, which increases antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pharmacists are known to undertake prominent roles in combatting AMR. AIM The aim of this review was to characterize pharmacist-driven interventions that have been performed in patients with COVID-19 globally and describe their impact on antimicrobial use. METHOD We followed the Joanna Briggs Institutes manual framework for scoping reviews in our study. Studies that reported antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions performed by pharmacists in COVID-19 patients were included. Articles that did not report outcomes or did not mention pharmacists in the intervention were excluded. Restrictions included English-only articles from inception date until June 2022. Articles were searched from four databases. RESULTS Eleven publications were included in the review. The most common AMS intervention was pharmacist-driven interventions reported in 63.2% of all studies, followed by guideline development and application (26.3%), and medication supply coordination (10.5%), respectively. The outcomes of the interventions were difficult to compare but showed a reduction in antimicrobial use and prevention of adverse drug reactions with a relatively high acceptance rate from physicians. CONCLUSION Pharmacists played an important role in performing AMS-related interventions in COVID-19 patients and helped in the fight against the worsening of AMR during the pandemic. The impact of pharmacist-driven AMS interventions in patients with COVID-19 seemed to be positive and improved outcomes related to antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Nasr
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - W Elamin
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Basil
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Eljaaly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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