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Kong H, Han JJ, Dmitrii G, Zhang XA. Phytochemicals against Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Apoptosis. Molecules 2024; 29:1487. [PMID: 38611766 PMCID: PMC11013217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that causes pathological changes in articular cartilage, synovial membrane, or subchondral bone. Conventional treatments for OA include surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical treatment is suitable for patients in the terminal stage of OA. It is often the last choice because of the associated risks and high cost. Medication of OA mainly includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, hyaluronic acid, and cortico-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these drugs often have severe side effects and cannot meet the needs of patients. Therefore, safe and clinically appropriate long-term treatments for OA are urgently needed. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which is a kind of physiologic cell suicide determined by heredity and conserved by evolution. Inhibition of apoptosis-related pathways has been found to prevent and treat a variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis can destroy cartilage homeostasis and aggravate the pathological process of OA. Therefore, inhibition of apoptosis-related factors or signaling pathways has become an effective means to treat OA. Phytochemicals are active ingredients from plants, and it has been found that phytochemicals can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. We summarize preclinical and clinical studies of phytochemicals for the treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. The results show that phytochemicals can treat OA by targeting apoptosis-related pathways. On the basis of improving some phytochemicals with low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and high toxicity by nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and at the same time undergoing strict clinical and pharmacological tests, phytochemicals can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for OA and may be applied in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.K.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.K.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Gorbachev Dmitrii
- General Hygiene Department, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443000, Russia;
| | - Xin-an Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.K.); (J.-J.H.)
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Bellumori M, Pallecchi M, Zonfrillo B, Lucio L, Menicatti M, Innocenti M, Mulinacci N, Bartolucci G. Study of Mono and Di- O-caffeoylquinic Acid Isomers in Acmella oleracea Extracts by HPLC-MS/MS and Application of Linear Equation of Deconvolution Analysis Algorithm for Their Characterization. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1375. [PMID: 37895846 PMCID: PMC10610532 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids, the esters of caffeic and quinic acids, are the main phenolic acids detected in Acmella oleracea extracts and have gained increasing interest in recent years due to their important biological activities. Given their structural similarity and instability, the correct analysis and identification of these compounds in plants is challenging. This study aimed to propose a simple and rapid determination of the A. oleracea caffeoylquinic isomers, applying an HPLC-MS/MS method supported by a mathematical algorithm (Linear Equation of Deconvolution Analysis (LEDA)). The three mono- and the three di-caffeoylquinic acids in roots of Acmella plants were studied by an ion trap MS analyzer. A separation by a conventional chromatographic method was firstly performed and an MS/MS characterization by energetic dimension of collision-induced dissociation mechanism was carried out. The analyses were then replicated using a short HPLC column and a fast elution gradient (ten minutes). Each acquired MS/MS data were processed by LEDA algorithm which allowed to assign a relative abundance in the reference ion signal to each isomer present. Quantitative results showed no significant differences between the two chromatographic systems proposed, proving that the use of LEDA algorithm allowed the distinction of the six isomers in a quarter of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bellumori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (N.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (N.M.)
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Deleanu M, Toma L, Sanda GM, Barbălată T, Niculescu LŞ, Sima AV, Deleanu C, Săcărescu L, Suciu A, Alexandru G, Crişan I, Popescu M, Stancu CS. Formulation of Phytosomes with Extracts of Ginger Rhizomes and Rosehips with Improved Bioavailability, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041066. [PMID: 37111552 PMCID: PMC10146199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor water solubility of natural antioxidants restricts their bioavailability and therapeutic use. We aimed to develop a new phytosome formulation with active compounds from extracts of ginger (GINex) and rosehips (ROSAex) designed to increase their bioavailability, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The phytosomes (PHYTOGINROSA-PGR) were prepared from freeze-dried GINex, ROSAex and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in different mass ratios using the thin-layer hydration method. PGR was characterized for structure, size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. Results showed that PGR comprises several different populations of particles, their size increasing with ROSAex concentration, having a zeta potential of ~-21mV. The encapsulation efficiency of 6-gingerol and β-carotene was >80%. 31P NMR spectra showed that the shielding effect of the phosphorus atom in PC is proportional to the amount of ROSAex in PGR. PGR with a mass ratio GINex:ROSAex:PC-0.5:0.5:1 had the most effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cultured human enterocytes. PGR-0.5:0.5:1 bioavailability and biodistribution were assessed in C57Bl/6J mice, and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated after administration by gavage to C57Bl/6J mice prior to LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Compared to extracts, PGR induced a 2.6-fold increase in 6-gingerol levels in plasma and over 40% in the liver and kidneys, in parallel with a 65% decrease in the stomach. PGR treatment of mice with systemic inflammation increased the sera antioxidant enzymes paraoxonase-1 and superoxide dismutase-2 and decreased the proinflammatory TNFα and IL-1β levels in the liver and small intestine. No toxicity was induced by PGR either in vitro or in vivo. In conclusion, the phytosome formulation of GINex and ROSAex we developed resulted in stable complexes for oral administration with increased bioavailability, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of their active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Deleanu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Toma
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Maria Sanda
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Barbălată
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredan Ştefan Niculescu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Volumnia Sima
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Deleanu
- “Costin D. Nenitescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independenței Street, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liviu Săcărescu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Suciu
- Hofigal Export Import S.A., 2 Intrarea Serelor, 042124 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Alexandru
- Hofigal Export Import S.A., 2 Intrarea Serelor, 042124 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Crişan
- Hofigal Export Import S.A., 2 Intrarea Serelor, 042124 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Popescu
- Hofigal Export Import S.A., 2 Intrarea Serelor, 042124 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Sorina Stancu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: (+4021)319-45-18
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Promising Health Benefits of Adjuvant Acmella and Zingiber Extracts Combined with Coenzyme Q10 Phytosomes, Supplementation in Chronic Pain Treated with Medical Cannabis: A Prospective and Open-Label Clinical Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7099161. [PMID: 35733629 PMCID: PMC9208939 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7099161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a condition where pain persists for months or even years. Nowadays, several drugs comprising of medical cannabis are utilized for chronic pain relief. Even if there are some associated side effects, the use of supplements can widen the reliable tools available for improving an individual's quality of life. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy in terms of pain intensity, psychological well-being, and quality of life of a new dietary supplement in chronic pain subjects under current treatment with medical cannabis. Methods In this pilot study, 48 medical cannabis-treated subjects were supplemented with a dietary supplement containing a combination of standardized Zingiber officinalis and Acmella oleracea extracts in phytosome (Mitidol), coenzyme Q10 phytosome (Ubiqsome), and group B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12), twice daily for 90 days. In order to explore the benefits of the product as an adjuvant supplementation for pain relief, the pain intensity, measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), the pain type, and quality, evaluated by the Italian Pain Questionnaire (QUID) and the possible reduction of therapeutic and/or painkiller doses were recorded. Results After 90 days, significant pain relief was detected in almost 70% of the subjects receiving the new dietary supplement, with sensory, emotional, and pain amelioration in one-third of them. A reduction in both tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) doses was also observed after 3 months of supplementation. These findings demonstrate new perspectives for the use of an innovative dietary supplement that combines Acmella and Zingiber extracts, Coenzyme Q10, and group B vitamins resulting in a beneficial long-term adjuvant in cannabis-treated pain subjects.
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Marmitt DJ. Potential plants for inflammatory dysfunction in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:749-773. [PMID: 35389124 PMCID: PMC8987270 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a biological response of the organism to remove injurious stimuli and initiate homeostasis. It has been recognized as a key player in the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, the so-called "cytokine storm" that appears to play a pivotal role in this disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to select clinical trials with anti-inflammatory plants and relate the activity of these plants to inflammatory markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PRISMA guidelines are followed, and studies of interest are indexed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. As a result, 32 clinical trials encompassing 22 plants were selected. The main anti-inflammatory mechanisms described in the studies are the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-γ, and IL-1; decreased CRP and oxidative marker levels; increased endogenous antioxidant levels; modulation of cardiovascular risk markers. The data found are not directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they provide possibilities for new studies as plants have a wide array of phytochemicals, and detecting which ones are responsible for anti-inflammatory effects can provide invaluable contribution to studies aiming to evaluate efficacy in scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Do Vale Do Taquari - Univates, Avelino Talini Street, 171, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil.
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Mu P, Feng J, Hu Y, Xiong F, Ma X, Tian L. Botanical Drug Extracts Combined With Biomaterial Carriers for Osteoarthritis Cartilage Degeneration Treatment: A Review of 10 Years of Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:789311. [PMID: 35173609 PMCID: PMC8841352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term chronic arthrosis disease which is usually characterized by pain, swelling, joint stiffness, reduced range of motion, and other clinical manifestations and even results in disability in severe cases. The main pathological manifestation of OA is the degeneration of cartilage. However, due to the special physiological structure of the cartilage, once damaged, it is unable to repair itself, which is one of the challenges of treating OA clinically. Abundant studies have reported the application of cartilage tissue engineering in OA cartilage repair. Among them, cell combined with biological carrier implantation has unique advantages. However, cell senescence, death and dedifferentiation are some problems when cultured in vitro. Botanical drug remedies for OA have a long history in many countries in Asia. In fact, botanical drug extracts (BDEs) have great potential in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, and other properties, and many studies have confirmed their effects. BDEs combined with cartilage tissue engineering has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we will explain in detail how cartilage tissue engineering materials and BDEs play a role in cartilage repair, as well as the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyun Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yimei Hu,
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linling Tian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Barani M, Sangiovanni E, Angarano M, Rajizadeh MA, Mehrabani M, Piazza S, Gangadharappa HV, Pardakhty A, Mehrbani M, Dell’Agli M, Nematollahi MH. Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6983-7022. [PMID: 34703224 PMCID: PMC8527653 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, medicinal herbs and their phytochemicals have emerged as a great therapeutic option for many disorders. However, poor bioavailability and selectivity might limit their clinical application. Therefore, bioavailability is considered a notable challenge to improve bio-efficacy in transporting dietary phytochemicals. Different methods have been proposed for generating effective carrier systems to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Among them, nano-vesicles have been introduced as promising candidates for the delivery of insoluble phytochemicals. Due to the easy preparation of the bilayer vesicles and their adaptability, they have been widely used and approved by the scientific literature. The first part of the review is focused on introducing phytosome technology as well as its applications, with emphasis on principles of formulations and characterization. The second part provides a wide overview of biological activities of commercial and non-commercial phytosomes, divided by systems and related pathologies. These results confirm the greater effectiveness of phytosomes, both in terms of biological activity or reduced dosage, highlighting curcumin and silymarin as the most formulated compounds. Finally, we describe the promising clinical and experimental findings regarding the applications of phytosomes. The conclusion of this study encourages the researchers to transfer their knowledge from laboratories to market, for a further development of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76169-13555, Iran
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Angarano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ahmed SHH, Gonda T, Hunyadi A. Medicinal chemistry inspired by ginger: exploring the chemical space around 6-gingerol. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26687-26699. [PMID: 35480015 PMCID: PMC9037716 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used as a spice and as a traditional remedy since ancient times, especially in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been applied as a treatment for many diseases either alone or in combination with other remedies. Many studies were conducted on ginger and its constituents and a wide array of bioactivities were reported, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, and anticancer activity. Most of these had been correlated to gingerols and shogaols, the most abundant secondary metabolites in ginger. This inspired several research groups to explore the biomedical value of the chemical space around these compounds, and many of their synthetic or semi-synthetic analogues have been prepared and studied for various bioactivities. Thanks to this, many valuable structure activity relationships have been revealed for such compounds. Herein, we provide a brief summary on the synthetic derivatization efforts that had so far been implemented on 6-gingerol, the main constituent of fresh ginger. This review covers 160 natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic 6-gingerol derivatives and their reported bioactivities. Structure and reported bioactivities of semi-synthetic and synthetic 6-gingerol derivatives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassan Hassan Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged Eötvös str. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary +3662546456.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum 1996 Khartoum Sudan
| | - Tímea Gonda
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged Eötvös str. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary +3662546456
| | - Attila Hunyadi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged Eötvös str. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary +3662546456.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged Eötvös str. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
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Moro SDDS, de Oliveira Fujii L, Teodoro LFR, Frauz K, Mazoni AF, Esquisatto MAM, Rodrigues RAF, Pimentel ER, de Aro AA. Acmella oleracea extract increases collagen content and organization in partially transected tendons. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2588-2597. [PMID: 33973686 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acmella oleracea contains spilanthol as the main active compound, which possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that can favor tendon reorganization. To analyze the effect of A. oleracea on the content and organization of collagen in injured tendons, the calcaneal tendon of male Lewis rats was partially transected and treated at the site of injury with a topical application of 20% A. oleracea ointment (AO group) or with the ointment base without the plant extract (B group). The animals were euthanized 21 days after partial transection. Higher collagen concentration was observed in the AO group than in the B group, and morphological analysis using polarization microscopy showed higher birefringence in the AO group than in the B group, indicating higher collagen organization. No difference was observed in the number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, proteoglycan distribution, and maximum load between the B and AO groups. In conclusion, topical application of 20% A. oleracea ointment increased the molecular organization and content of collagen, thus indicating a potential application in tendon repair. Studies on the later phases of the tendon healing process are necessary to demonstrate the possible biomechanical changes after the application of A. oleracea ointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Delgado de Souza Moro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Fujii
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Rodrigues Teodoro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katleen Frauz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hamza RZ, Al-Salmi FA, El-Shenawy NS. Chitosan and Lecithin Ameliorate Osteoarthritis Symptoms Induced by Monoiodoacetate in a Rat Model. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235738. [PMID: 33291821 PMCID: PMC7730914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to assess the chondroprotective influence of chitosan and lecithin in a monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. Forty male rats weighing 180–200 g were randomly distributed among the following five experimental groups (eight per group): control, MIA-induced OA, MIA-induced OA + chitosan, MIA-induced OA + lecithin, and MIA-induced OA + chitosan + lecithin. The levels of TNF-α, IL6, RF, ROS, and CRP, as well as mitochondrial markers such as mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV), MMP, and serum oxidative/antioxidant status (MDA level) (MPO and XO activities) were elevated in MIA-induced OA. Also, SDH (complex II) activity in addition to the levels of ATP, glutathione (GSH), and thiol was markedly diminished in the MIA-induced OA group compared to in control rats. These findings show that mitochondrial function is associated with OA pathophysiology and suggest that chitosan and lecithin could be promising potential ameliorative agents in OA animal models. Lecithin was more effective than chitosan in ameliorating all of the abovementioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Z. Hamza
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-6531-355470 or +20-111-8500-586
| | - Fawziah A. Al-Salmi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla S. El-Shenawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Use of Herbal Medications for Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7110067. [PMID: 33126603 PMCID: PMC7693010 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis is a chronic condition that affects nearly a quarter of the United States population. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two major forms of arthritis associated with severe joint pain and reduced quality of life. Various pharmacological interventions may be utilized for arthritis treatment when non-pharmacological therapy is insufficient. However, pharmacological therapy can be associated with serious side effects and high costs. Therefore, alternative therapies have been under investigation. Herbal medications have shown the potential for safe and effective management of arthritis. For this review, we attempt to summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of herbal treatments for OA and RA. After searching electronic databases, we identified nine herbs among 23 clinical trials used for the treatment of OA or RA patients. Improvement of OA and RA symptoms, pain, and inflammation was demonstrated. The herbs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, contributing to a reduction in inflammation and tissue damage. Several herbs elucidated new mechanisms for OA and RA treatment as well. Though these herbs have shown promise for OA and RA treatment, more studies and clinical trials are required for determining safety and efficacy, bioactivity, and optimal bioavailability.
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