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Huang Y, Dong CS. Effect of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block with Different Concentrations and Volumes of Ropivacaine on Functional Recovery in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Observer-Masked, Controlled Trial [Response to Letter]. J Pain Res 2024; 17:2639-2640. [PMID: 39155956 PMCID: PMC11329596 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s486728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Anhui Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Shan Dong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Anhui Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Wu W, Xu H, Chen X, He W, Shi H. Comparison of erector spinae plane block and serratus anterior plane block for postoperative analgesia in uniportal thoracoscopic lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:394. [PMID: 38041029 PMCID: PMC10691001 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative pain remains a significant concern following uniportal thoracoscopic surgery. The analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) in terms of postoperative opioid consumption in uniportal thoracoscopic surgery still needs further studies. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 150 patients who underwent uniportal thoracoscopic lobectomy. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: the ESPB group (administered 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine), the SAPB group (administered 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine), and the standard care (control) group. The primary endpoint was the consumption of sufentanil during the first 24 h following surgery. Secondary endpoints assessed the area under the curve (AUC) of pain numerical rating scale (NRS) scores, occurrence of moderate to severe pain, time to initial sufentanil request, and postoperative adverse events. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the consumption of sufentanil during the first 24 h following surgery between the ESPB and SAPB groups (adjusted difference, 1.53 [95% CI, -5.15 to 2.08]). However, in comparison to the control group, both intervention groups demonstrated a significant decrease in sufentanil consumption, with adjusted differences of -9.97 [95% CI, -13.10 to -6.84] for the ESPB group and -12.55 [95% CI, -15.63 to -9.47] for the SAPB group. There were no significant differences in AUC of NRS scores during rest and movement between the ESPB and SAPB groups, with adjusted differences of -7.10 [95% CI, 1.33 to -15.55] for the rest condition and 5.61 [95% CI, -13.23 to 2.01] for the movement condition. At 6 h postoperatively, there were fewer patients with moderate to severe pain in the ESPB group compared with those in the SAPB group (adjusted difference, -1.37% [95% CI, -2.29% to -0.45%]. The time to first sufentanil request significantly differed among the three groups (ESPB vs Control P < 0.01, SAPB vs Control P < 0.01, ESPB vs SAPB P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing uniportal thoracoscopic lobectomy, although the differences between the two groups are not statistically significant, both the ESPB and SAPB demonstrate effective reduction in postoperative opioid consumption and the need for rescue analgesics compared to the control group. Moreover, the ESPB group experienced a significantly lower incidence of moderate to severe pain at 6 h postoperatively compared to the SAPB group. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No: ChiCTR1900021695, Date of registration: March 5th, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Feenstra ML, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hollmann MW, Hermanides J, Eshuis WJ. Analgesia in esophagectomy: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5099-5111. [PMID: 37868851 PMCID: PMC10586998 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Optimal pain management for esophagectomy facilitates prevention of postoperative complications such as pneumonia, but also chronic pain. Historically, multimodal intravenous analgesia was employed. In the last decades, regional anesthesia including epidural and paravertebral analgesia is frequently used. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence for the different analgesia regimens for esophagectomy. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database in November 2022. Only reports in English or Dutch were included. Editorials or articles lacking full text were excluded. A review of different analgesia regimens after esophagectomy is provided. Key Content and Findings Epidural analgesia (EA) was suggested to reduce postoperative pneumonia and prevent chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) as compared to opioid-based systemic analgesia and was considered the gold standard of pain management for esophagectomy. In the last decades, the side-effects of EA became more evident. Next to mild or moderate side-effects such as hypotension and urinary retention, several reports emphasized the incidence of serious neurologic complications to be much higher than estimated before. In addition, minimally invasive surgery fostered that other regional analgesia (RA) techniques are potential alternatives for EA. Paravertebral catheter placement can be performed under videoscope view during the thoracic phase of esophagectomy, making it a safe and easily placed block. Evidence on the effectiveness of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is limited in this context. Conclusions Several analgesia regimens after esophagectomy are described. EA is most common, however paravertebral analgesia is a good alternative. Other techniques are also gaining ground but randomized clinical trials are lacking. Future studies should focus on the efficacy of paravertebral and erector spinae blocks for postoperative pain management for esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke L. Feenstra
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse J. Eshuis
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Şalvız EA, Bingül ES, Güzel M, Savran Karadeniz M, Turhan Ö, Emre Demirel E, Saka E. Comparison of Performance Characteristics and Efficacy of Bilateral Thoracic Paravertebral Blocks in Obese and Non-Obese Patients Undergoing Reduction Mammaplasty Surgery: A Historical Cohort Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:1343-1352. [PMID: 36763114 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ultrasound (US)-guided regional anesthesia techniques are advantageous in the management of obese patients; the procedures can still be associated with technical difficulties and greater failure rates. The aim of this study is to compare the performance properties and analgesic efficacy of US-guided bilateral thoracic paravertebral blocks (TPVBs) in obese and non-obese patients. METHODS Data of 82 patients, who underwent bilateral reduction mammaplasty under general anesthesia with adjunctive TPVB analgesia between December 2016 and February 2020, were reviewed. Patients were allocated into two groups with respect to their BMI scores (Group NO: BMI < 30 and Group O: BMI ≥ 30). Demographics, ideal US visualization time, total bilateral TPVB procedure time, needle tip visualization and performance difficulties, number of needle maneuvers, surgical, anesthetic and analgesic follow-up parameters, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), sleep duration, length of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital stay, and patient/surgeon satisfaction scores were investigated. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients' data were complete. Ideal US visualization and total TPVB performance times were shorter, number of needle maneuvers were fewer and length of PACU stay was shorter in Group NO (p < 0.05). Postoperative pain scores were generally similar within first 24 h (p > 0.05). Time to postoperative pain, total analgesic requirements, incidence of PONV, sleep duration, length of hospital stay were comparable (p > 0.05). Satisfaction was slightly higher in Group NO (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS US-guided TPVB performances in obese patients might be more challenging and take longer time. However, it is still successful providing good acute pain control in patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty surgeries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04596787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine A Şalvız
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet caddesi Cerrahi monoblok, Giris kati, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Emre S Bingül
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet caddesi Cerrahi monoblok, Giris kati, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet caddesi Cerrahi monoblok, Giris kati, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Savran Karadeniz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet caddesi Cerrahi monoblok, Giris kati, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Turhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet caddesi Cerrahi monoblok, Giris kati, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emre Demirel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet caddesi Cerrahi monoblok, Giris kati, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Saka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet caddesi Cerrahi monoblok, Giris kati, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chai B, Wang Q, Du J, Chen T, Qian Y, Zhu Z, Feng Z, Kang X. Research Progress on Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Breast Surgery: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2023; 12:323-337. [PMID: 36484891 PMCID: PMC10036723 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-022-00456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast surgery, especially radical mastectomy, is often accompanied by moderate to severe acute pain, which significantly reduces postoperative quality of life. Effective pain management can accelerate patient recovery. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a new type of fascial plane block technique, which can better target the nerve network innervating the chest wall and breast and provide good analgesia in the anterolateral chest wall. Current clinical research evidence indicates that SAPB has significant benefits in breast surgery. Further research avenues for this technology include optimal local anesthetic dosing strategy, the type of SAPB which is more suitable for breast surgery, comparison of SAPB and pectoral nerve block II (PECS II) in breast surgery, and high-quality randomized controlled study with outcomes of chronic pain or cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggao Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianlong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yafen Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- Department of Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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张 继, 简 金, 曹 亮, 董 楠. [Effect of Ropivacaine Combined with Dexmedetomidine for Serratus Anterior Plane Block Plus Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia on Postoperative Recovery Quality of Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Radical Resection of Lung Cancer]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:155-160. [PMID: 36647659 PMCID: PMC10409028 DOI: 10.12182/20230160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective To study the postoperative analgesic effect of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) under ultrasound visualization plus patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer. Methods A total of 129 patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups ( n=43 in each group), a normal saline group (control group), a ropivacaine mesylate group (Group R) and a ropivacaine mesylate combined with dexmetomidine hydrochloride group (Group RD). After operation, ultrasound-guided SAPB was performed and patients in the three groups received the injection of 0 mL of 0.9% normal saline, 25 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, and 25 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine+1 μg/kg dextrometomidine hydrochloride mixture, respectively. In addition, PCIA was used for all the patients. The button on the PCIA pump was pressed when the postoperative pain visual analogue score (VAS)≥4 on coughing, and rescue analgesic of sufentanil was given intravenously at 2.5 μg/bolus. The primary outcome was the VAS scores at rest and on coughing at 10 min (T 1), 6 h (T 2), 12 h (T 3), 24 h (T 4), and 48 h (T 5) after extubation. The secondary outcomes included hemodynamics, the quality of sleep for the first 3 nights after operation, number of times the button on the PCIA pump was pressed, intraoperative and postoperative opioid dosage, time of first postoperative rescue analgesic, duraion of intubation, length of stay at the hospital, adverse reactions, etc. Results Compared with those of the control group, the VAS scores of the Group R and Group RD were significantly lower at 10 min, 6 h, and 12 h after extubation ( P<0.05). In comparison with Group R, the number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, the time of first postoperative rescue analgesic, the number of times the button on the PCIA pump was pressed, and the total dose of rescue sufentanil were all significantly lower ( P<0.05) in the Group RD. Patients in the Group RD had better sleep quality in the second and third nights after operation and lower incidence of nausea and vomiting ( P<0.05). Conclusion 0.5% ropivacaine and 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine SAPB combined with PCIA can significantly reduce postoperative pain and improve postoperative recovery quality in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- 继如 张
- 江南大学附属医院 麻醉科 (无锡 214125)Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, China
| | - 金金 简
- 江南大学附属医院 麻醉科 (无锡 214125)Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, China
| | - 亮亮 曹
- 江南大学附属医院 麻醉科 (无锡 214125)Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, China
| | - 楠 董
- 江南大学附属医院 麻醉科 (无锡 214125)Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, China
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Xu X, Chen X, Zhu W, Zhao J, Liu Y, Duan C, Qi Y. Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound Guided-Deep Serratus Anterior Plane Blockade With Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine for Women Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:819239. [PMID: 35198576 PMCID: PMC8860248 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.819239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound guided-deep serratus anterior plane block (USG-DSAPB) has been used for pain management of patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM), but evidence supporting their adjuvant analgesic benefits is limited. We explored the efficacy and safety of preemptive use of ropivacaine combined with different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in USG-DSAPB for patients undergoing MRM. Methods Ninety-five female patients undergoing unilateral MRM were allocated randomly to two groups. Group RD1 had 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 5 mg of dexamethasone and 0.5 μg·kg−1 DEX in USG-DSAPB. Group RD2 had 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 5 mg of dexamethasone and 1 μg·kg−1 DEX in USG-DSAPB. The primary outcome was sufentanil consumption 72 h after USG-DSAPB. Secondary outcomes were: postoperative pain scores and level of sedation; intraoperative hemodynamics; duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay; prevalence of moderate-to-severe pain; one-time puncture success; procedure time of blockade; time to first rescue analgesia; requirement of rescue analgesia; satisfaction scores of patients and surgeons; duration of hospital stay; adverse events; prevalence of chronic pain; quality of postoperative functional recovery. Results Compared with the RD1 group, the visual analog scale score for coughing was significantly lower at 4, 8, 12 h and sufentanil consumption was significantly lower at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery in the RD2 group (P < 0.05). The time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the RD2 group (P < 0.05). The requirement for rescue analgesia was significantly higher in the RD1 group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of moderate-to-severe pain, number of patients using vasoactive agents, duration of PACU stay, as well as consumption of propofol, remifentanil, and DEX were significantly lower in the RD2 group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to one-time puncture success, procedure time of blockade, total dermatomal spread, satisfaction scores of patients and surgeons, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, 40-item Quality of Recovery questionnaire (QoR-40) score, or prevalence of chronic pain (P > 0.05). Conclusions We discovered that 1 μg·kg−1 (not 0.5 μg·kg−1) DEX combined with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine and 5 mg of dexamethasone in USG-DSAPB could provide superior postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing MRM. However, the quality of postoperative functional recovery and prevalence of chronic pain were similar. Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54929, identifier: ChiCTR2000033685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xingfang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Caiping Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, China
| | - Yingying Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Yingying Qi
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Hoda W, Puri S, Garg R. Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block for accelerated partial breast irradiation using multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy technique under anesthesia in breast cancer patients: A case series. Anesth Essays Res 2022; 16:172-176. [PMID: 36249148 PMCID: PMC9558657 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_18_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In early stages of breast cancer, breast conservation therapy (BCT) with lumpectomy and adjuvant irradiation is preferred. Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is considered as an alternative to whole breast irradiation. The reasons are it requires less number of irradiation fractions, shorter treatment time, and decreased size of irradiation. The procedure includes insertion of several brachycatheters, which is associated with significant pain in the postoperative period. We report case series of 8 patients of APBI where perioperative pain management was done using ultrasound (USG)-guided serratus anterior plane (SAP) block with catheter insertion. The catheter was placed between the serratus anterior muscle and external intercostal muscle. The drug used was 0.4 mL.kg−1 of 0.375% Ropivacaine with a maximum value of 30 mL. On the day of the procedure, all patients were given two boluses of ropivacaine 20 mL each at an interval of 6 h. From the next day onward, they received ropivacaine boluses on demand basis when Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was >4. There were no complications during the procedure. None of the patients required extra fentanyl boluses intraoperatively. One patient did not have an SAP catheter inserted during primary insertion, as she failed to give consent for block. On repositioning of catheters, she experienced severe pain with a NRS of 8/10. After obtaining proper consent, SAP catheter was inserted and she had NRS of 1/10 postoperatively. 2/8 patients received rescue analgesics in the form of diclofenac. 7/8 SAP catheters were removed on day 5. Only one SAP catheter was removed accidentally on day 3. It was concluded that USG-guided SAP catheters are a novel, safe, and effective regional anesthesia technique for perioperative pain management in breast cancer surgeries undergoing APBI.
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The Role of Serratus Anterior Plane Block During in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. Pain Ther 2021; 10:1051-1066. [PMID: 34537952 PMCID: PMC8586293 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although thoracoscopy has characteristics such as a small surgical incision and low stress response, post-surgical pain after a thoracoscopic operation is no less than that after a thoracotomy. Moreover, poor post-surgical pain management is likely to cause an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and chronic post-surgical pain. The serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a regional anesthesia method whereby local anesthetics (LAs) are injected into the serratus anterior space to block the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve, long thoracic nerve, and dorsal thoracic nerve. The block range of the SAPB covers the incisions of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and the site of the chest tube, which are often located in the antero-lateral chest wall. Therefore, the SAPB can achieve effective analgesia in VATS. For example, 0.125% to 0.25% levobupivacaine (20-25 ml) is widely used for thoracic surgery, which can achieve effective analgesia and avoid adverse reactions. Moreover, it has advantages compared with thoracic segmental epidural block (TEA) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB), such as simple operation, increased safety, fewer complications, and hemodynamic stability. In addition, adequate analgesia is helpful for pulmonary function recovery and reduces the incidence of PPCs. This article introduces the anatomical mechanism of the SAPB, diverse operation approaches, how to choose drugs and adjuvants, and the resulting impacted area range. It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the SAPB compared with other analgesic methods and posits that the SAPB is beneficial to the recovery of postoperative lung function, which provides more options for postoperative analgesia after VATS.
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Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Pain Res Manag 2021; 2021:7849623. [PMID: 34733377 PMCID: PMC8560299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7849623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) provides effective thoracic analgesia. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of SAPB for postoperative analgesia after breast surgery. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for eligible randomised controlled trials. The primary outcomes involved the administration of intraoperative and postoperative opioids. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for rating the quality of evidence for making recommendations. Results Overall, 13 studies comprising 826 patients met the inclusion criteria (412 in the SAPB group and 414 in the control group). Patients treated with SAPB exhibited a significantly lower postoperative opioid consumption (mean difference, −38.51 mg of oral morphine equivalent; 95% confidence interval (CI), −60.97 to −16.05; P < 0.01; I2 = 100%), whereas no difference was observed in the intraoperative opioid consumption (mean difference, −9.85 mg of oral morphine equivalent; 95% CI, −19.52 to −0.18; P=0.05; I2 = 94%). In addition, SAPB significantly decreased the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.19–0.55; P < 0.05;I2 = 38%) and reduced pain scores during the postoperative period (1 h: standardised mean difference (SMD), −1.23; 95% CI, −2.00 to −0.45; I2 = 92%; 2 h: SMD, −0.71; 95% CI, −1.00 to −0.41; I2 = 48%; 4 h: SMD, −1.52; 95% CI, −2.77 to −0.27; I2 = 95%; 6 h: SMD, −0.80; 95% CI, −1.51 to −0.08; I2 = 81%; 8 h: SMD, −1.12; 95% CI, −1.98 to −0.27; I2 = 92%; 12 h: SMD, −0.78; 95% CI, −1.21 to −0.35; I2 = 83%; and 24 h: SMD, −0.71; 95% CI, −1.20 to −0.23; I2 = 87%; P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion SAPB was safe and effective after breast surgery to relieve postsurgical pain. However, additional well-developed trials are required to validate these findings.
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Liu D, Zhu Z. Ultrasound-guided peripheral trunk block technique: A new approach gradually stepping onto the stage of clinical anesthesia. IBRAIN 2021; 7:211-226. [PMID: 37786802 PMCID: PMC10529195 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous development and validation of new visualization, the ultrasound-guided peripheral trunk block becomes more mature and has a more extensive and broader implementation scope in clinical anesthesia. Based on this, we reviewed and summarized the literature on peripheral trunk nerve block include: paraspinal block, retrolaminar block, plane block of erect spinal muscle, transverse convex to pleural midpoint block, block of the trapezius muscle and anterior serratus muscle, anterior serratus muscle block, thoracic nerve block, abdominal transverse fascia block, type-I block of quadratus lumborum, type-II block of quadratus lumborum, type-III block of quadratus lumborum, block of the sheath of rectus abdominis. This paper reviews the ultrasound-guided peripheral trunk block technique, including development history, anatomic basis, implementation methods, advantages and disadvantages of nerve block technique, and describes the bottleneck and difficulties of nerve block technique at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- De‐Xing Liu
- Soochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouChina
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Soochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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Kim DH, Kim SJ, Liu J, Beathe J, Memtsoudis SG. Fascial plane blocks: a narrative review of the literature. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 46:600-617. [PMID: 34145072 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fascial plane blocks (FPBs) are increasingly numerous and are often touted as effective solutions to many perioperative challenges facing anesthesiologists. As 'new' FPBs are being described, questions regarding their effectiveness remain unanswered as appropriate studies are lacking and publications are often limited to case discussions or technical reports. It is often unclear if newly named FPBs truly represent a novel intervention with new indications, or if these new publications describe mere ultrasound facilitated modifications of existing techniques. Here, we present broad concepts and potential mechanisms of FPB. In addition, we discuss major FPBs of (1) the extremities (2) the posterior torso and (3) the anterior torso. The characteristics, indications and a brief summary of the literature on these blocks is included. Finally, we provide an estimate of the overall level of evidence currently supporting individual approaches as FPBs continue to rapidly evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Kim
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sang Jo Kim
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Beathe
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stavros G Memtsoudis
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA .,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Gabriel RA, Swisher MW, Sztain JF, Curran BP, Said ET, Abramson WB, Khatibi B, Alexander BS, Finneran JJ, Wallace AM, Armani A, Blair S, Dobke M, Suliman A, Reid C, Donohue MC, Ilfeld BM. Serratus anterior plane versus paravertebral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia after non-mastectomy breast surgery: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 46:773-778. [PMID: 34158376 PMCID: PMC8380889 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2021-102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Paravertebral and serratus plane blocks are both used to treat pain following breast surgery. However, it remains unknown if the newer serratus block provides comparable analgesia to the decades-old paravertebral technique. Methods Subjects undergoing unilateral or bilateral non-mastectomy breast surgery were randomized to a single-injection serratus or paravertebral block in a subject-masked fashion (ropivacaine 0.5%; 20 mL unilateral; 16 mL/side bilateral). We hypothesized that (1) analgesia would be non-inferior in the recovery room with serratus blocks (measurement: Numeric Rating Scale), and (2) opioid consumption would be non-inferior with serratus blocks in the operating and recovery rooms. In order to claim that serratus blocks are non-inferior to paravertebral blocks, both hypotheses must be at least non-inferior. Results Within the recovery room, pain scores for participants with serratus blocks (n=49) had a median (IQR) of 4.0 (0–5.5) vs 0 (0–3.0) for those with paravertebral blocks (n=51): 0.95% CI −3.00 to −0.00; p=0.001. However, the difference in morphine equivalents did not reach statistical significance for superiority with the serratus group consuming 14 mg (10–19) vs 10 mg (10–16) for the paravertebral group: 95% CI −4.50 to 0.00, p=0.123. Since the 95% CI lower limit of −4.5 was less than our prespecified margin of −2.0, we failed to conclude non-inferiority of the serratus block with regard to opioid consumption. Conclusions Serratus blocks provided inferior analgesia compared with paravertebral blocks. Without a dramatic improvement in safety profile for serratus blocks, it appears that paravertebral blocks are superior to serratus blocks for postoperative analgesia after non-mastectomy breast surgery. Trial registration number NCT03860974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Gabriel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .,Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew W Swisher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jacklynn F Sztain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian P Curran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Engy T Said
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wendy B Abramson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bahareh Khatibi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brenton S Alexander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John J Finneran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anne M Wallace
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ava Armani
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Blair
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marek Dobke
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ahmed Suliman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Reid
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian M Ilfeld
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Practical Review of Abdominal and Breast Regional Analgesia for Plastic Surgeons: Evidence and Techniques. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e3224. [PMID: 33425573 PMCID: PMC7787285 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regional analgesia has been increasing in popularity due to its opioid- sparing analgesic effects and utility in multimodal analgesia strategies. Several regional techniques have been used in plastic surgery; however, there is a lack of consensus on the indications and the comparative efficacy of these blocks. The goal of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations on the most relevant types of interfascial plane blocks for abdominal and breast surgery. A systematic search of the PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify the evidence associated with the different interfascial plane blocks used in plastic surgery. The search included all studies from inception to March 2020. A total of 126 studies were included and used in the synthesis of the information presented in this review. There is strong evidence for using the transversus abdominis plane blocks in both abdominoplasties as well as abdominally-based microvascular breast reconstruction as evidenced by a significant reduction in post-operative pain and opioid consumption. Pectoralis (I and II), serratus anterior, and erector spinae plane blocks all provide good pain control in breast surgeries. Finally, the serratus anterior plane block can be used as primary block or an adjunct to the pectoralis blocks for a wider analgesia coverage of the breast. All the reviewed blocks are safe and easy to administer. Interfascial plane blocks are effective and safe modalities used to reduce pain and opioid consumption after abdominal and breast plastic surgery.
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Simultaneous Determination of Ropivacaine and 3-Hydroxy Ropivacaine in Cerebrospinal Fluid by UPLC-MS/MS. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8844866. [PMID: 33490261 PMCID: PMC7787762 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8844866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of ropivacaine and its metabolite 3-hydroxy ropivacaine in cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid was processed by ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis by monitoring the transitions of m/z 275.3 → 126.2 for ropivacaine, m/z 291.0 → 126.0 for 3-hydroxy ropivacaine, and m/z 290.2 → 198.2 for the internal standard. Standard curves for ropivacaine and 3-hydroxy ropivacaine in cerebrospinal fluid were conducted over the concentration range of 0.2–2000 ng/mL, demonstrating excellent linearity, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.2 ng/mL. The intraday precision of ropivacaine and 3-hydroxy ropivacaine was less than 11%, while the interday precision was less than 7%. The accuracy ranged between 87% and 107%, the average extraction efficiency was higher than 79%, and the matrix effect was between 89% and 98%. The developed method was then applied to a case of suspected poisoning of ropivacaine.
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Li X, Liu Y, Zhao J, Xiang Z, Ren C, Qiao K. The Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) Combined with Dexmedetomidine for Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS): A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1785-1795. [PMID: 32801843 PMCID: PMC7381820 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s258443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) can significantly reduce postoperative pain, the incidence is as high as 30–50%. The purpose of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) combined with dexmedetomidine (Dex) for patients undergoing VATS. Methods Eighty patients were randomized into two groups (20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine plus 0.5 µg/kg or 1 µg/kg Dex). Primary outcome was the visual analog scale of pain while coughing (VASc) score at 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included hemodynamics, sufentanil consumption, number of patients needing rescue analgesia, time to first rescue analgesic, total dose of rescue analgesic, satisfaction scores of patients and surgeons, time of chest tube removal, length of hospital stay, adverse effects, the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life. Results Compared with D1 group, visual analog scale of pain at rest (VASr) was significantly lower during the first 24 h after surgery, while VASc was significantly lower during the first 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Mean arterial pressure was significantly decreased from T2 to T8, and heart rate was significantly decreased from T2 to T7 in the D2 group (P<0.05). Consumption of sevoflurane, remifentanil, DEX and the recovery time were significantly reduced in the D2 group (P <0.05). Consumption of sufentanil 8–72 h after surgery was significantly lower in the D2 group (P<0.05). Additionally, the number of patients who required rescue analgesia, the time to the first dose of rescue analgesia, and the total dose of rescue analgesia was significantly lower in the D2 group (P<0.05). Conclusion The results of this study show that 1 µg/kg DEX is a beneficial adjuvant to ropivacaine for single-injection SAPB in VATS patients while stable hemodynamics were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen, Tianmen, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen, Tianmen, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kekun Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen, Tianmen, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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