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Shaygan M, Tehranineshat B, Teshnizi SH, Mohammadi A. The predicting factors of chronic pain among nursing students: a national study in Iran. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:297. [PMID: 38802966 PMCID: PMC11129415 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students are faced with a variety of challenges that demand effective cognitive and emotional resources. The physical and psychological well-being of the students plays a key part in the public health of the community. Despite the special lifestyle of nursing students, few studies have addressed chronic pain in this population. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the predictors of chronic pain among nursing students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,719 nursing students aged 18-42 years, between February and November 2019. Sampling was carried out in several stages. Data were collected using seven instruments, namely a demographics survey, the characteristics of chronic pain form, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Bar-on Emotional Quotient Inventory, Academic Satisfaction Scale, and Procidano and Heller Social Support Scale. Descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and regression models were used to describe the characteristics of the pain and its predictive factors. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 22.4 ± 2.96 years. The results of univariate analysis showed that gender (P = 0.506), mother's education (P = 0.056, P = 0.278, P = 0.278), father's education (P = 0.817, P = 0.597, P = 0.41), place of residence (P = 0.215), depression (P = 0.501), grade point average (P = 0.488), academic satisfaction (P = 0.183) and chronic pain weren't significantly correlated with chronic pain in nursing students. The results of the multiple logistic regression models showed that chronic pain was positively correlated with age, social support, state anxiety, and trait anxiety (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12; OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.97; OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; and OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 0.95-1.99; respectively). CONCLUSION The prevalence of chronic pain was relatively high in these students. In addition, age, social support, and anxiety could be important factors in the development or persistence of chronic pain in nursing students. The results also provided basic and essential information about the contributing factors in this area. However, consideration of factors such as referral for treatment, home medications for pain relief, and outcomes of chronic pain are suggested in future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shaygan
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Tehranineshat
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Agrin Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Foy JG, Kechichian S, Foy MR, Ziadni M. Psychological/behavioral interventions for emerging adults with chronic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1253700. [PMID: 38476354 PMCID: PMC10927809 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1253700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging adults, of whom significant numbers report chronic pain, are characterized as having unique needs and challenges. Psychological/behavioral treatments found to be beneficial for reducing pain outcomes in children and adults are understudied in emerging adults. Following a systematic review of the literature, our objective is to report on quantitative studies of psychological/behavioral interventions for chronic pain in emerging adults. Method We conducted a search of six databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) and reference sections in dissertations and systematic reviews to 4/29/2023. Keywords and phrases were search term combinations of "chronic/persistent pain", "emerging/young adults," and "intervention/treatment" using Boolean logic. Results Our review resulted in identifying 37 articles, of which 2 duplicates were removed, and 31 were further excluded by a screening process based on various inclusionary and exclusionary criteria. The search yielded four studies on psychological/behavioral interventions (yoga, acceptance and commitment therapy and relaxation), all of which positively affected the pain experience and/or pain-related outcomes. These studies presented issues in design such as not being blinded or randomized, having a small sample size, and potential confounds that were not reported or examined. Discussion The low number of studies reveals a large gap in the literature and is a call-to-action to further expand our understanding of effective and safer psychological/behavioral therapies for chronic pain in emerging adults. Successful pain management during this developmental phase may help young adults achieve positive trajectories for personal, occupational, relational, and health aspects of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G. Foy
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandra Kechichian
- Graduate School of Education and Psychology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Michael R. Foy
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maisa Ziadni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Meeker TJ, Kim HJ, Tulloch IK, Keaser ML, Seminowicz DA, Dorsey SG. Secondary analysis: heat and self-report pain sensitivity associate with biological sex and racialized sociocultural group but may not be mediated by anxiety or pain catastrophizing. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1133. [PMID: 38283650 PMCID: PMC10811695 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have demonstrated associations between sex and racialized group on pain sensitivity and tolerance. We analyzed the association of sex and racialized group on heat pain sensitivity, sensibility to painful suprathreshold mechanical pain (STMP), and pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). We hypothesized that anxiety and pain catastrophizing reported by racialized minority groups and women would mediate enhanced pain sensitivity. Our secondary aim was to evaluate validity of the PSQ in a diverse population. Methods Using quantitative sensory testing for painful heat, STMP (forces: 64, 128, 256, and 512 mN), and PSQ, we evaluated pain sensitivity in 134 healthy participants [34 (18 women) Asian, 25 (13 women) Black, and 75 (41 women) White]. We used general linear and linear mixed models to analyze outcomes. We assessed mediation of state and trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing on pain sensitivity. Results Racialized minority status was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 7.63; P = 0.00074) and PSQ scores (F = 15.45; P = 9.84 × 10-7) but not associated with STMP (F = 1.50; P = 0.23). Female sex was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 4.9; P = 0.029) and lower PSQ (F = 9.50; P = 0.0025) but not associated with STMP (F = 0.0018; P = 0.97). Neither anxiety nor pain catastrophizing mediated associations between sex or racialized group with heat pain threshold or PSQ. Differential experience of individual items (F = 19.87; P = 3.28 × 10-8) limited PSQ face validity in racialized minorities. Conclusion Consistent with previous research, sensitivity to painful heat was associated with racialized minority status and female sex. By contrast, there was no significant effect of racialized minority status or female sex on STMP. Some PSQ items are inapplicable to participants from racialized minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Meeker
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hee Jun Kim
- Community of Acute and Chronic Care, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ingrid K. Tulloch
- Department of Psychology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael L. Keaser
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Seminowicz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Sciences, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Johansson F, Billquist J, Andreasson H, Jensen I, Onell C, Berman AH, Skillgate E. Study environment and the incidence of mental health problems and activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems among university students: the SUN cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072178. [PMID: 37709330 PMCID: PMC10503358 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between different aspects of study environment and the incidence of mental health problems and activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We recruited a cohort of 4262 Swedish university students of whom 2503 (59%) were without moderate or worse mental health problems and 2871 (67%) without activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems at baseline. The participants were followed at five time points over 1 year using web surveys. EXPOSURES Self-rated discrimination, high study pace, low social cohesion and poor physical environment measured at baseline. OUTCOMES Self-rated mental health problems defined as scoring above cut-off on any of the subscales of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Self-rated activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems in any body location assessed by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Discrete survival-time analysis was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HR) of each exposure-outcome combination while adjusting for gender, age, living situation, education type, year of studies, place of birth and parental education as potential confounders. RESULTS For discrimination, adjusted HRs were 1.75 (95% CI 1.40 to 2.19) for mental health problems and 1.39 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.72) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. For high study pace, adjusted HRs were 1.70 (95% CI 1.48 to 1.94) for mental health problems and 1.25 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.43) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. For low social cohesion, adjusted HRs were 1.51 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.77) for mental health problems and 1.08 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.25) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. For perceived poor physical study environment, adjusted HRs were 1.20 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.45) for mental health problems and 1.20 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.43) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. CONCLUSIONS Several aspects of the study environment were associated with the incidence of mental health problems and activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems in this sample of Swedish university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Johansson
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Irene Jensen
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Onell
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Skillgate
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Naprapathögskolan - Scandinavian College of Naprapathic Manual Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hawamdeh M, Altaim TA, Shallan A, Gaowgzeh RA, Obaidat SM, Alfawaz S, Al-Nassan SM, Neamatallah Z, Eilayyan O, Alabasi UM, Albadi M. Low Back Pain Prevalence among Distance Learning Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:342. [PMID: 36612660 PMCID: PMC9819147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Low back pain as a symptom affects many individuals around the globe regardless of their economic status or sociodemographic characteristics. During the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic, students found themselves obligated to sit down for long periods of time. The aim of this current study is to investigate the impact of these prolonged periods of sitting down in front of computers on developing a new episode of low back pain. Methods and Materials: This research adopted an observational cross-section study design. Students who are currently enrolled or had experienced distance learning classes in the last 6 months were eligible to participate. An online-based questionnaire was developed by the investigators through reviewing the literature with relevant objectives. McNemar’s test was used to compare certain variables between two periods before and during online distance learning. We used paired t-tests to compare pain intensity before, during, and after online learning, while a chi-square test was used to investigate correlations between factors influencing low back pain. Results: A total of 84 students participated in the study—46 (54.8%) females and 38 (45.2%) males. Before online distance learning, only 42.9% of participants reported low back pain, while only 20% had a back injury. The mean pain scores before, during, and after online distance learning were (2.85 ± 2.16, 4.79 ± 2.6, and 4.76 ± 2.7), respectively. The pain scores before online learning were significantly lower than pain scores during and after online distance learning (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that low back pain prevalence increased among students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should study participants’ behavior during the online learning and assess the long-run impact of distance learning among high-school and undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Hawamdeh
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Thamer A. Altaim
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Amjad Shallan
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Riziq Allah Gaowgzeh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakher M. Obaidat
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Saad Alfawaz
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Al-Nassan
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Ziyad Neamatallah
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Owis Eilayyan
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Umar M. Alabasi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Albadi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Shaygan M, Tehranineshat B, Mohammadi A, Foruhi Z. A National Survey of the Prevalence of Chronic Pain in Nursing Students and the Associated Factors. INVESTIGACION Y EDUCACION EN ENFERMERIA 2022; 40:e09. [PMID: 35485622 PMCID: PMC9052710 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v40n1e09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of chronic pain and the associated factors among nursing students. METHODS This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional. The subjects were 1684 nursing students who were selected from the universities of medical sciences in Iran via cluster sampling in 2019. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire: a demographic characteristics survey, characteristics of chronic pain, and a pain scale. RESULTS The majority of the students were female (62.1%) and single (87%).The mean age of the participants was 22.4±2.96 years. The results of data analysis showed that 30.2% of the students suffered from chronic pain. The areas which were most affected by pain were: head (31.24%), abdomen (11.98%), and the back (9.23%). 56.4% of the nursing students declared the origin of their pain to be unknown, 22.7% attributed their pain to migraine, and 6.48% reported spinal disorders to be the cause of their pain. There was a significant relationship between the students' chronic pain and the variables of age (higher in the 29-and-above age group), marital status (higher in married subjects), and education (higher in postgraduates). CONCLUSIONS A relatively large number of nursing students suffer from chronic pains. Nursing schools should contribute to improving students' knowledge of chronic pain prevention and management.
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