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Ahmadpanah M, Amini S, Mazdeh M, Haghighi M, Soltanian A, Jahangard L, Keshavarzi A, Brand S. Effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Add-On Therapy to a Standard Treatment in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis and Concomitant Symptoms of Depression—Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial and Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072525. [PMID: 37048608 PMCID: PMC10095476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Compared to the general population, persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) was used successfully to treat individuals with MDD. Here, we conducted a randomized clinical trial and pilot study, and tested the effectiveness of rTMS adjuvant to a standard pharmacological treatment among persons with MS, compared to a sham condition. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 persons with MS (mean age: 32 years; 42.5% females; median EDSS score: 4) and with moderate to severe symptoms of depression were randomly assigned to the rTMS or to the rTMS sham condition, always as adjuvant intervention to the standard treatment with sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). rTMS consisted of 10 sessions each of 37.5 min; the sham condition was identical to the active condition except for the absence of rTMS stimuli. At the beginning and two weeks after the end of the study, participants reported on their fatigue, while experts rated the severity of participants’ depressive symptoms (Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MADRS), cognitive performance (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA), and degree of disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale; EDSS). Results: Data were analyzed per intent-to-treat. Scores for depression, fatigue, and EDSS declined significantly over time (large effect sizes), but more so in the rTMS condition than in the sham condition (large effect sizes for the time by group-interactions). Compared to the sham condition, scores for depression were significantly lower in the rTMS condition. Scores for cognition improved over time in both study conditions (large effect size). Conclusion: Compared to a sham condition, adjuvant rTMS to a standard pharmacological treatment ameliorated typical MS-related symptoms (depression; fatigue; EDSS scores). Results from this pilot study suggested that rTMS might be routinely applied in persons with MS displaying symptoms of depression and fatigue.
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Gender Differences and Relationship of 2D:4D-Ratio, Mental Toughness and Dark Triad Traits among Active Young Adults. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060864. [PMID: 35741385 PMCID: PMC9220407 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary There is evidence that the exposure to more testosterone and less estrogen hormones before birth, that is, in utero, has a physiological impact on the relation between the index finger (2D) and the ring finger (4D). This relation is called the 2D:4D-ratio. A lower 2D:4D-ratio mirrors a longer ring finger (4D), relative to the index finger (2D); a higher 2D:4D-ratio mirrors a shorter ring finger (4D), relative to the index finger (2D). A higher exposure to testosterone and a lower exposure to estrogen hormones are associated with a lower 2D:4D-ratio. Further, a higher exposure to androgen hormones is associated with higher masculine traits. In the present study, we assessed 460 physically active young male and female adults. We showed that (1) males had lower 2D:4D ratios than females. Next, (2) active females and males had similar personality and mental toughness traits. (3) Females with more “dark” personality traits had a higher ability to perform consistently under stress and pressure; such females were mentally tougher. (4) Males with lower 2D:4D-ratios were mentally tougher. Overall, there is evidence that prenatal exposure to androgen hormones and personality traits in adulthood appear to be related, though, in a different fashion between male and female adults. Abstract There is consistent evidence that prenatal exposures to higher testosterone and lower estrogen concentrations during the first trimester of embryonal and fetal development are associated with a lower 2D:4D-ratio, which is to say: The index finger (2D) is shorter, compared to the ring finger (4D). Compared to non-active, athletes show lower 2D:4D ratios. However, athletes also report specific personality traits such as mental toughness, assertiveness, and competitive behavior. Here, we tested if 2D:4D-ratios were related to specific personality traits. We further investigated possible gender differences. A total of 460 active young adults (mean age: 24.81 years; 67% females) completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and traits of the dark triad and mental toughness. Participants also provided a scan of their right palm hand to measure and calculate 2D:4D-ratios. t-tests, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze data. Compared to male participants, female participants had a higher 2D:4D-ratio. Female and male participants did not differ as regards dark triad traits and mental toughness traits. Irrespective of gender, and based on correlational computations, 2D:4D-ratios were unrelated to the dark triad (DT) and mental toughness (MT) scores. Higher DT scores were modestly associated with higher MT scores among females, but not among males. Lower 2D:4D-ratios were associated with higher constancy scores and the male gender. The constancy and male gender appeared to be associated with lower 2D:4D-ratios.
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Shaw L, Hansen H, St Clair-Thompson H. Mental toughness is a mediator of the relationship between positive childhood experiences and wellbeing. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2058485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Shaw
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hannah Hansen
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Brand S. “Stay hungry, stay foolish, stay tough and sleep well!” Why resilience and mental toughness and restoring sleep are associated. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Kidwell A, Bollaert R, Motl RW. Resilience among older adults with multiple sclerosis: Pattern and correlates. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 57:103360. [PMID: 35158431 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing number of older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) who present with significant challenges associated with aging in conjunction with a chronic, disabling disease. Resilience has been associated with healthy aging in the general population, yet there is limited research on resilience and its correlates among older adults with MS. The current study investigated the difference in resilience between older adults with MS and demographically matched healthy controls. We then examined the associations between resilience and functional, symptomatic, socio-behavioral, and QOL outcomes, along with demographic and clinical characteristics, among only older adults with MS. METHOD The sample included 40 older adults with MS and 40 sex and age matched healthy controls who completed measures of resilience and a battery of demographic, clinical, functional, symptomatic, socio-behavioral, and QOL outcomes. RESULT There were no differences between older adults with MS and healthy controls regarding overall resilience scores and resilience subscale scores. Resilience was significantly associated with neurological disability, depression, walking performance, self-efficacy, and purpose in life. CONCLUSION This study suggests that resilience in older adults with MS was comparable with healthy older adults, and positively associated with walking performance, self-efficacy, and purpose of life, and negatively associated with depression and neurological disability. We believe the time is ripe for developing and delivering interventions among those with lower resilience for improving resilience and associated secondary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel Kidwell
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rachel Bollaert
- Program in Exercise Science, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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MacMillan G, St Clair-Thompson H. The relationship between mental toughness and subjective mental illness recovery. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Shahmari F, Golshani S, Babaei M, Firoozabadi K, Dürsteler KM, Brühl AB, Shakeri J, Brand S, Sadeghi-Bahmani D. When Much Is Too Much-Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1289. [PMID: 34682969 PMCID: PMC8535876 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity has become a global somatic and mental health issue. To counterbalance, promoting regular physical activity appears plausible, above all among adults, where physical inactivity is particularly high. However, some, but sparse, research also indicates that excessive exercising might be associated with unfavorable mental health dimensions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that excessive exercising was associated with more mental health issues. To this end, we assessed mental health issues, stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances among heavy and light adult exercisers. METHODS A total of 200 adults (mean age: 35 years; 62% females) took part in the study. Of those, 100 were heavy exercisers (18-22 h/week), and 100 were light exercisers (1-6 h/week). Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, mental health issues, perceived stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances. RESULTS Compared with light exercisers, heavy exercisers reported higher mental health issues, more stress, but also higher mental toughness scores and less sleep disturbances. Higher age, lower mental toughness scores, heavy exerciser-status, and more sleep disturbances predicted higher mental health complaints. CONCLUSIONS Compared with light exercising, heavy exercising might be associated with more mental health issues. As such, it appears that the association between exercise frequency, intensity, and duration and psychological well-being might be related to an optimum point, but not to a maximum point. In a similar vein, heavily exercising athletes, their coaches, parents, and representatives of sports associations should get sensitized to possible adverse psychological effects of excessive physical activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanobar Golshani
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran; (S.G.); (F.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Ali Najafpour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran;
| | | | - Nasser Goudarzi
- Department of Psychiatry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran;
| | - Fatemeh Shahmari
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran; (S.G.); (F.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Sanam Golshani
- Department of Cardiology, AJA General Hospital, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran;
| | - Masthaneh Babaei
- School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran; (M.B.); (K.F.)
| | - Kimia Firoozabadi
- School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran; (M.B.); (K.F.)
| | - Kenneth M. Dürsteler
- Psychiatric Clinics, Division of Substance Use Disorders, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Beatrix Brühl
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
| | - Jalal Shakeri
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran; (S.G.); (F.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Sources of Sleep Disturbances and Psychological Strain for Hospital Staff Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126289. [PMID: 34200708 PMCID: PMC8296056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hospital staff members reported increased stress-related workload when caring for inpatients with COVID-19 (“frontline hospital staff members”). Here, we tested if depression, anxiety, and stress were associated with poor sleep and lower general health, and if social support mediated these associations. Furthermore, we compared current insomnia scores and general health scores with normative data. A total of 321 full-time frontline hospital staff members (mean age: 36.86; 58% females) took part in the study during the COVID-19 pandemic. They completed a series of questionnaires covering demographic and work-related information, symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, social support, self-efficacy, and symptoms of insomnia and general health. Higher symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were associated with higher symptoms of insomnia and lower general health. Higher scores of depression, anxiety, and stress directly predicted higher insomnia scores and lower general health scores, while the indirect effect of social support was modest. Compared to normative data, full-time frontline hospital staff members had a 3.14 higher chance to complain about insomnia and a significantly lower general health. Symptoms of insomnia and general health were unrelated to age, job experience, educational level, and gender. Given this background, it appears that the working context had a lower impact on individuals’ well-being compared to individual characteristics.
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Chang YL, Chuang CM, Chien CH, Huang XY, Liang SY, Liu CY. Factors related to changes in resilience and distress in women with endometrial cancer. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:413-421. [PMID: 33161489 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explore changes in resilience and physical and psychological distress and their related factors over time in women with endometrial cancer. This study adopted a repeated measures design using purposive sampling and was conducted in a hospital in Taiwan. Data were collected before surgery, 2 weeks after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. The measured variables consisted of demographic and disease characteristics, social support, resilience, and physical and psychological distress. A total of 48 women participated in the study, of whom 42 (mean age = 54.2 years old) completed all of the questionnaires. The results showed that resilience and physical distress in women with endometrial cancer was not statistically significantly changed over time. Rather, their psychological distress was significantly alleviated 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery as compared to before surgery. Women with less social support showed a lower level of resilience. In addition, those with a lower level of resilience experienced greater psychological distress. Compared with those who received only surgical treatment, women who had undergone surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy had more physical distress. Clinical medical staff should conduct continuing assessments of the resilience, physical distress, and psychological distress of women with endometrial cancer. Interventions related to resilience-enhancing and self-care should be implemented to avoid worsening or to improve women's resilience and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, 112, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Mu Chuang
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, 112, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Chien
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, 112, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Xuan-Yi Huang
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, 112, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Liang
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, 112, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Dubessy AL, Tezenas du Montcel S, Viala F, Assouad R, Tiberge M, Papeix C, Lubetzki C, Clanet M, Arnulf I, Stankoff B. Association of Central Hypersomnia and Fatigue in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Polysomnographic Study. Neurology 2021; 97:e23-e33. [PMID: 33931534 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate sleepiness and central hypersomnia in multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated fatigue, we performed long-term polysomnography in patients with MS and healthy controls. METHODS Patients with MS and healthy controls completed questionnaires on sleep, fatigue, sleepiness, and depression. They underwent nocturnal polysomnography, multiple sleep latency tests, and bed rest 24-hour polysomnography. Patients were divided into 3 groups (fatigue and sleepiness, fatigue and no sleepiness, neither fatigue nor sleepiness). RESULTS Among 44 patients with MS, 19 (43.2%) had fatigue and sleepiness, 15 (34%) had only fatigue, and 10 (22.7%) had neither fatigue nor sleepiness. Compared to 24 controls, patients with fatigue and sleepiness had higher REM sleep percentages (median [interquartile range] 20.5% [19.6-24.7] vs 18.1% [12.6-20.6]), lower arousal indexes (12.7 [7.5-17.0] vs 22.4 [14.3-34.4]), and shorter daytime mean sleep latencies (8.6 [6.3-14.3] vs 16.6 [12.6-19.5] min). Restless leg syndrome, periodic leg movements, and sleep apnea had similar frequencies between groups. Central hypersomnia was found in 10 (53%) patients with fatigue and sleepiness (narcolepsy type 2, n = 2), in 2 (13%) patients with fatigue only, and in 3 (30%) patients with neither fatigue nor sleepiness. Patients with central hypersomnia were younger and sleepier than those without hypersomnia, but had similar levels of fatigue, disability, depression, cognitive performance, and frequencies of the human leukocyte antigen DQB1*0602 genotype. The severity of fatigue increased with higher depression scores, higher sleepiness severity, and lower sleep efficacy. CONCLUSION Central hypersomnias are frequent in MS when fatigue and sleepiness are present. Screening them through polysomnography studies is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Dubessy
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Frederique Viala
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Rana Assouad
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Michel Tiberge
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Papeix
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Michel Clanet
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- From the Neurology Department (A.-L.D., B.S.), Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP; Sleep Disorders Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia (A.-L.D., I.A.), Department of Biostatistics (S.T.d.M.), and Neurology Department (R.A., C.P., C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris; Neurology Department (F.V., M.C.) and Neurophysiology Department (M.T.), Purpan Hospital, Toulouse; and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (C.L., I.A., B.S.), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
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Mirmosayyeb O, Brand S, Barzegar M, Afshari-Safavi A, Nehzat N, Shaygannejad V, Sadeghi Bahmani D. Clinical Characteristics and Disability Progression of Early- and Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis Compared to Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051326. [PMID: 32370288 PMCID: PMC7290335 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Compared to the adult onset of multiple sclerosis (AOMS), both early-onset (EOMS) and late-onset (LOMS) are much less frequent, but are often under- or misdiagnosed. The aims of the present study were: 1. To compare demographic and clinical features of individuals with EOMS, AOMS and LOMS, and 2. To identify predictors for disability progression from relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Method: Data were taken from the Isfahan Hakim MS database. Cases were classified as EOMS (MS onset ≤18 years), LOMS (MS onset >50 years) and AOMS (MS >18 and ≤50 years). Patients’ demographic and clinical (initial symptoms; course of disease; disease patterns from MRI; disease progress) information were gathered and assessed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard regressions were conducted to determine differences between the three groups in the time lapse in conversion from relapsing remitting MS to secondary progressive MS. Results: A total of 2627 MS cases were assessed; of these 127 were EOMS, 84 LOMS and 2416 AOMS. The mean age of those with EOMS was 14.5 years; key symptoms were visual impairments, brain stem dysfunction, sensory disturbances and motor dysfunctions. On average, 24.6 years after disease onset, 14.2% with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) were diagnosed with secondary progressive MS (SPMS). The key predictor variable was a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at disease onset. Compared to individuals with AOMS and LOMS, those with EOMS more often had one or two relapses in the first two years, and more often gadolinium-enhancing brain lesions. For individuals with AOMS, mean age was 29.4 years; key symptoms were sensory disturbances, motor dysfunctions and visual impairments. On average, 20.5 years after disease onset, 15.6% with RRMS progressed to SPMS. The key predictors at disease onset were: a higher EDSS score, younger age, a shorter inter-attack interval and spinal lesions. Compared to individuals with EOMS and LOMS, individuals with AOMS more often had either no or three and more relapses in the first two years. For individuals with LOMS, mean age was 53.8 years; key symptoms were motor dysfunctions, sensory disturbances and visual impairments. On average, 14 years after disease onset, 25.3% with RRMS switched to an SPMS. The key predictors at disease onset were: occurrence of spinal lesions and spinal gadolinium-enhancement. Compared to individuals with EOMS and AOMS, individuals with LOMS more often had no relapses in the first two years, and higher EDSS scores at disease onset and at follow-up. Conclusion: Among a large sample of MS sufferers, cases with early onset and late onset are observable. Individuals with early, adult and late onset MS each display distinct features which should be taken in consideration in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (O.M.); (M.B.); (N.N.)
- Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33151, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Center of Depression, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (S.B.); (D.S.B.)
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, 4032 Basel, Switzerland
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barzegar
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (O.M.); (M.B.); (N.N.)
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Alireza Afshari-Safavi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 74877-94149, Iran;
| | - Nasim Nehzat
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (O.M.); (M.B.); (N.N.)
- Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33151, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (O.M.); (M.B.); (N.N.)
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center of Depression, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (S.B.); (D.S.B.)
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA
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12
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Exploring the bi-directional relationship between sleep and resilience in adolescence. Sleep Med 2020; 73:63-69. [PMID: 32791441 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examined whether overall sleep quality and the sleep components comprising the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) have a bi-directional relationship with resilience among adolescents, after adjusting for sex, age, depression, and socioeconomic status, and investigated which sleep components have a stronger effect on resilience. METHODS A total of 1299 students (58% females; mean age, 15.79 years) participated at baseline, with 840 finishing all four study waves over the course of 24 months. Data were collected through questionnaires, including socio-demographics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Cross-lagged models were used to analyze the relationships between sleep and resilience. RESULTS Both daytime dysfunction and sleep disturbance had an independent bi-directional relationship with resilience. Higher resilience scores predicted overall better sleep quality and shorter sleep latency, but not vice versa. Sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction had stronger effects on resilience. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of future school interventions for sleep to improve students' resilience.
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13
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Mojtahedi D, Dagnall N, Denovan A, Clough P, Hull S, Canning D, Lilley C, Papageorgiou KA. The Relationship Between Mental Toughness, Job Loss, and Mental Health Issues During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:607246. [PMID: 33613333 PMCID: PMC7886783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.607246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns toward public well-being and mental health are increasing considering the COVID-19 pandemic's global societal and individual impact. The present study builds on the current body of COVID-19 literature by examining the role of mental toughness (MT) in predicting negative affective states (depression, anxiety and stress) during the pandemic. The study also examined the effects of changes in employment on mental health and MT. Participants (N = 723) completed a battery of questionnaires including the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48-item, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 items. Participants reported relatively higher levels of depression, stress and anxiety in comparison to pre-COVID-19 samples from previous research, with respondents who had lost their jobs during the pandemic reporting higher levels of negative affective states. Despite this, mentally tough individuals appeared to report lower levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Moreover, moderation analyses identified some interaction between MT and employment status when predicting depression, anxiety and stress. Our findings suggest that MT may have some utility in reducing the adverse mental health effects of the pandemic on individuals, however, further longitudinal research is needed to support these implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Mojtahedi
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Dagnall
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Denovan
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Clough
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hull
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Derry Canning
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Lilley
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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14
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Gonzenbach R, Kesselring J, Bansi J, Motl RW, Cordier D, Rothen O, Niedermoser D, Gerber M, Brand S. Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Objective Sleep, Psychological Functioning, and Higher Physical Activity Scores Remained Stable Over 2 Years-Results From a Small Study Under Naturalistic Conditions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:586244. [PMID: 33381056 PMCID: PMC7767964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are at increased risk to report poor sleep patterns and lower physical activity indices. To date, data on longitudinal objectively sleep assessment is missing. In the present study, we investigated the pattern of objective sleep and subjective physical activity indices over a period of 13.5 months, under naturalistic conditions. Method: 13.5 months after their first assessment, a total of 16 PwMS (mean age = 49.13 median EDSS score: 5; 11 females) were reassessed on their objective sleep via portable sleep-electroencephalogram (EEG-) devices, along with their subjective sleep patterns (symptoms of insomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS), and sleep-disordered breathing), physical activity indices, psychological functioning (symptoms of depression, fatigue, daytime sleepiness), and MS-related information (fatigue, EDSS; disease-modifying treatments). While the baseline assessment was performed in a rehabilitation center, the follow-up assessment took place at participants' naturalistic and familiar setting. Results: Statistically, symptoms of depression and fatigue, subjective sleep, and physical activity levels did neither increase, nor decrease over time, although descriptively, both moderate and vigorous physical activity levels decreased, and fatigue and subjective insomnia increased. Time awake after sleep onset statistically significantly decreased, while light sleep duration increased by trend. Conclusions: Among a smaller sample of PwMS, objective sleep in their naturalistic setting remained fairly stable over a mean time lapse of 13.5 months after clinic discharge. Physical activity levels descriptively decreased. The present results are of clinical and practical importance for treatment counseling: PwMS can be reassured that their sleep quality does not deteriorate, once they have left a rehabilitation center. Further, they should be encouraged to keeping their physical activity levels as stable as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Robert W Motl
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dominik Cordier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Rothen
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daryl Niedermoser
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.,Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Dagnall N, Denovan A, Papageorgiou KA, Clough PJ, Parker A, Drinkwater KG. Psychometric Assessment of Shortened Mental Toughness Questionnaires (MTQ): Factor Structure of the MTQ-18 and the MTQ-10. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1933. [PMID: 31496983 PMCID: PMC6712484 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 18-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-18) is a brief, widely used measure of mental toughness. The MTQ-18 derives from the longer MTQ-48, which comprises four independent but correlated factors (challenge, commitment, control, and confidence). Despite sampling items from across MTQ-48 dimensions, the MTQ-18 (as intended) provides a global, unidimensional score. Researchers have recently developed a further abridged version of the MTQ-18, the MTQ-10, which has demonstrated promising psychometric performance. The current paper assessed the factorial structure, reliability, predictive validity and invariance of the MTQ-18 and MTQ-10 in a sample of 944 students from English independent schools (year 11, aged 16 years). Respondents completed the MTQ-18 items online alongside the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the MTQ-10 was a superior general measure, because the MTQ-18 possessed additional variance to that accounted for by an unidimensional solution. Additionally, the MTQ-10 evidenced higher factor loadings and demonstrated better data-model fit. Tests of concurrent validity revealed the MTQ-10 was a stronger predictor of well-being (life satisfaction). Both the MTQ-18 and MTQ-10 demonstrated gender invariance at the configural, metric, and scalar level. Overall, although the MTQ-18 was a psychometrically acceptable measure, the MTQ-10 was a superior unidimensional measure of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dagnall
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Denovan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Joseph Clough
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Parker
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Cordier D, Gerber M, Brand S. Effects of two types of exercise training on psychological well-being, sleep, quality of life and physical fitness in patients with high-grade glioma (WHO III and IV): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:46. [PMID: 31399142 PMCID: PMC6688275 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is existing evidence on whether and to what degree regular exercise training improves the quality of life (QoL) among cancer survivors. However, in regards to patients with high-grade glioma (HGG; WHO grade III and IV), no conclusive study has been performed so far. The present trial aims to fill this gap by examining whether psychological well-being, sleep, QoL and physical fitness might be improved with two different types of exercise, as compared to an active control condition. Active control condition represent individuals participating at regular meetings to talk about their current life situation, though, the meetings were not intended as that of the psychotherapy group. Regular meetings are of the same frequency, duration, and intensity as the exercise interventions. METHODS A total of 45 patients with HGG after undergoing neurosurgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy will be consecutively and randomly assigned to (a) an endurance training, (b) a resistance training or (c) to an active control condition. The intervention will last for 6 consecutive weeks, consisting of 2 weekly sessions (30-45 min per session). Measurements would take place at three time points, namely at the beginning of the study (baseline), 3 weeks after the beginning of the study, and 6 weeks after the beginning of the study. The last measurement also represents the end of the study. Aerobic exercise performance will be assessed objectively with a 6-min walking test, and a handgrip test will be used to assess the upper body strength. Further, participants will complete a battery of questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, QoL, sleep quality and sleep patterns, coping with stress, state- and trait-anxiety, depression, and fatigue. In parallel, experts will use the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to determine and rate participants' symptoms of depression. SIGNIFICANCE The present study will be the first to investigate and compare the impact of two different exercise modalities, namely endurance and resistance training, on physical fitness and dimensions of well-being, and sleep among patients with HGG who underwent neurosurgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy. Importantly, unlike the majority of previous studies, the control condition consists of an active set-up to detect possible factual beneficial effects of exercise training, irrespective of social interactions. Trial registration https://register.clinicaltrials.gov ; identifier: NCT03775369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Cordier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland. .,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, 6719851115, Iran. .,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, 6719851115, Iran.
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17
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Barzegar M, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Nehzat N, Kiani M, Hashemi N, Mirmosayyeb O, Brand S, Shaygannejad V. Comparison of sleep complaints and quality of life between patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and healthy controls. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 32:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Kesselring J, Papadimitriou M, Bansi J, Pühse U, Gerber M, Shaygannejad V, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Both Objective and Subjective Sleep, Depression, Fatigue, and Paresthesia Improved After 3 Weeks of Regular Exercise. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:265. [PMID: 31130879 PMCID: PMC6510171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from various difficulties including sleep complaints, symptoms of depression and fatigue, paresthesia, and cognitive impairments. There is growing evidence that regular physical activity has a positive effect on both sleep and psychological functioning, though there is limited evidence of this kind for MS patients. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the impact on this patient group of a regular exercise program with respect to subjective and objective sleep, depression, paresthesia, fatigue, and cognitive performance. Methods: A total of 46 patients [mean age: 50.74 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): mean: 5.3, 78.4% females] completed this 3-week intervention study. At baseline and 3 weeks later, they answered questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, subjective sleep, depression, fatigue, paresthesia, and subjective physical activity. Objective sleep [sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings] and cognitive performance were also assessed at both time points. Patients participated in a regular exercise activity every weekday for about 60 min. Results: Compared to the baseline, by the end of the study, objective sleep had significantly improved (sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and wake time after sleep onset), and symptoms of sleep complaints, depression, fatigue, and paresthesia were significantly reduced. Subjective physical activity (moderate and vigorous) and cognitive performance also increased over the course of the intervention. Conclusions: In patients with MS, participation in regular exercise impacted positively on their objective and subjective sleep, depression, paresthesia, fatigue, and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Uwe Pühse
- Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Jahangard L, Sadeghi A, Ahmadpanah M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Haghighi M, Brand S. Influence of adjuvant omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression, sleep, and emotion regulation among outpatients with major depressive disorders - Results from a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 107:48-56. [PMID: 30317101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extant literature shows that adjuvant omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3PUFAs) to a standard antidepressant medication impacts favorably on symptoms of depression in participants with major depressive disorders (MDD). The aim of the present study was to investigate, if and to what extent compared to placebo adjuvant O3PUFAs had a favorable impact on symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep and emotion regulation among outpatients with MDD. METHOD A total of 50 outpatients (mean age: M = 42.46; 68% females) took part in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. They were randomly assigned either to the O3PUFA- or to the placebo-condition. Standard medication was sertraline at therapeutic dosages. At baseline, six weeks and 12 weeks later at study completion participants completed questionnaires covering symptoms of depression, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, sleep disturbances, and emotion regulation. In parallel, experts blind to participants' group assignment rated participants' depression with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale. RESULTS Symptoms of depression (self- and experts' ratings) decreased over time, but more so in the O3PUFA condition, compared to the placebo condition. Likewise, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and sleep disturbances improved, but again more so in the O3PUFA condition. Further, regulation and control of emotions and perception of other's emotions improved over time, but more so in the O3PUFA condition. CONCLUSIONS Among outpatients with MDD, and compared to placebo, adjuvant O3PUFAs to a standard medication improved not only symptoms of depression, but also dimensions of anxiety and sleep, and above all patients' competencies to regulate their emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangard
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Sciences and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Drinkwater K, Dagnall N, Denovan A, Parker A. The Moderating Effect of Mental Toughness: Perception of Risk and Belief in the Paranormal. Psychol Rep 2018; 122:268-287. [PMID: 29402179 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118756600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This research demonstrates that higher levels of mental toughness provide cognitive-perceptual processing advantages when evaluating risk. No previous research, however, has examined mental toughness in relation to perception of risk and paranormal belief (a variable associated with distorted perception of causality and elevated levels of perceived risk). Accordingly, the present paper investigated relationships between these factors. A sample of 174 participants completed self-report measures assessing mental toughness, general perception of risk, and paranormal belief. Responses were analyzed via correlations and moderation analyses. Results revealed that mental toughness correlated negatively with perception of risk and paranormal belief, whereas paranormal belief correlated positively with perception of risk. For the moderation effects, simple slopes analyses indicated that high levels of MT and subfactors of commitment and confidence reduced the strength of association between paranormal belief and perceived risk. Therefore, MT potentially acts as a protective factor among individuals who believe in the paranormal, reducing the tendency to perceive elevated levels of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Dagnall
- The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Andrew Parker
- The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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21
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Esmaeili L, Shaygannejad V, Gerber M, Kesselring J, Lang UE, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Stability of Mental Toughness, Sleep Disturbances, and Physical Activity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (MS)-A Longitudinal and Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:182. [PMID: 29867606 PMCID: PMC5966704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous research of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) focused prevalently on fatigue, depression, and cognitive dysfunction during the clinical course. By contrast, research on the longer-term characteristics of physical activity (PA), psychological functioning, and sleep problems is scarce. The aims of the present study were therefore to examine changes in PA, mental toughness (MT) as a proxy of psychological functioning, and sleep disturbances over a 2-year period of time after disease onset. Methods: A total of 18 patients with diagnosed MS (mean age: M = 34.29 years) took part in this longitudinal study. First, 1-4 weeks after the first symptoms, a neurologist diagnosed the MS. Second, they completed a series of questionnaires covering socio-demographic data, PA, MT, and sleep disturbances. Third, the same questionnaires were completed again 2 years later (follow-up). Last, a neurologist assessed the degree of disability with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: Two years after MS onset, patients had lower levels of vigorous PA, but no statistically significant changes in moderate PA were observed. Further, walking time increased and sedentary time decreased. Patients with sleep disturbances at disease onset also reported poor sleep 2 years later. MT scores remained stable over time. EDSS scores worsened, though, change in EDSS was not associated with PA, MT, or sleep. Conclusions: Two years after disease onset, patients with MS reported similar MT levels and sleep disturbances. PA shifted from vigorous PA toward walking and a less sedentary lifestyle, while moderate PA remained unchanged. The pattern of results of the present pilot study suggests that at the early stage of the MS course, there is no obstacle for being physically active, nor did sleep and MT as a proxy of psychological functioning decrease in a substantial way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Sleep Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Esmaeili
- Department of Psychology, Education & Psychology Faculty, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Markus Gerber
- Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Undine E Lang
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Sport Science Section, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center and Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
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22
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Brand S, Schilling R, Ludyga S, Colledge F, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Pühse U, Gerber M. Further Evidence of the Zero-Association Between Symptoms of Insomnia and Facial Emotion Recognition-Results From a Sample of Adults in Their Late 30s. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 30705644 PMCID: PMC6344466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Restoring sleep is associated with favorable cognitive, emotional, and behavioral adaptations. As regards the association between sleep duration and facial emotion recognition (FER), results are conflicting, and as regards the association between symptoms of insomnia and FER, no study has been performed so far. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether subjective sleep was associated with FER, along with perceived stress and mental toughness. Method: A total of 201 police officers (mean age = 38.5 years, 64.2% males) took part in the present cross-sectional study. They completed questionnaires covering socio-demographic data, subjective symptoms of insomnia, perceived stress, and mental toughness. Further, they underwent a computerized FER test, consisting of facial emotion labeling and facial emotion matching. Results: Performance of FER (accuracy, speed) was unrelated to subjective symptoms of insomnia. Lower FER was associated with higher age, but not to perceived stress or mental toughness. No gender differences were observed. Higher symptoms of insomnia were associated with higher stress scores and lower scores of mental toughness. Conclusions: The pattern of results suggests that FER was not associated with symptoms of insomnia, understood as a proxy of sleep quality, among adults. This observation replicates those studies showing a zero-association between sleep and FER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brand
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - René Schilling
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Jahangard L, Rahmani A, Haghighi M, Ahmadpanah M, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Soltanian AR, Shirzadi S, Bajoghli H, Gerber M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life!" - Higher Hypomania Scores Are Associated with Higher Mental Toughness, Increased Physical Activity, and Lower Symptoms of Depression and Lower Sleep Complaints. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2130. [PMID: 29312026 PMCID: PMC5733035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the present study, we explored the associations between hypomania, symptoms of depression, sleep complaints, physical activity and mental toughness. The latter construct has gained interest for its association with a broad variety of favorable behavior in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Subjects and Methods: The non-clinical sample consisted of 206 young adults (M = 21.3 years; age range: 18–24 years; 57.3% males). They completed questionnaires covering hypomania, mental toughness, symptoms of depression, physical activity, and sleep quality. Results: Higher hypomania scores were associated with higher mental toughness, increased physical activity, lower symptoms of depression and lower sleep complaints. No gender differences were observed. Higher hypomania scores were predicted by higher scores of mental toughness subscales of control and challenge, and physical activity. Conclusion: The pattern of results suggests that among a non-clinical sample of young adults, self-rated hypomania scores were associated with higher scores on mental toughness and physical activity, along with lower depression and sleep complaints. The pattern of results further suggests that hypomania traits are associated with a broad range of favorable psychological, behavioral and sleep-related traits, at least among a non-clinical sample of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangard
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Anahita Rahmani
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ali R Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shirzadi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hafez Bajoghli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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24
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Merkt H, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Calabrese P, Naegelin Y, Gerber M, Pühse U, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Multiple Sclerosis: Associations Between Physical Disability and Depression Are Not Mediated by Self-Reported Physical Activity. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 124:974-991. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512517711851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the interrelatedness of physical disability, physical activity, and depression among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that self-reported physical activity would mediate the effect of disability on depressive symptoms. Twenty-seven patients with MS (mean age: 49 years; 44.5% females) completed self-rating scales covering sociodemographic variables, intake of antidepressants, physical activity, and symptoms of depression; disability was measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale. We found a higher level of disability to be significantly associated with more symptoms of depression. While higher reported physical activity was descriptively associated with lower depression scores and unrelated to Expanded Disability Status Scale, physical activity levels did not mediate the effect of disability on depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Merkt
- Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Calabrese
- Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Naegelin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Hatzinger M, Gerber M, Lemola S, Clough PJ, Perren S, von Klitzing K, von Wyl A, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. The Origins of Mental Toughness - Prosocial Behavior and Low Internalizing and Externalizing Problems at Age 5 Predict Higher Mental Toughness Scores at Age 14. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1221. [PMID: 27605919 PMCID: PMC4995203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of mental toughness (MT) has gained increasing importance among groups other than elite athletes by virtue of its psychological importance and explanatory power for a broad range of health-related behaviors. However, no study has focused so far on the psychological origins of MT. Therefore, the aims of the present study were: to explore, to what extent the psychological profiles of preschoolers aged five were associated with both (1) MT scores and (2) sleep disturbances at age 14, and 3) to explore possible gender differences. Method: Nine years after their first assessment at age five (preschoolers), a total of 77 adolescents (mean age: 14.35 years; SD = 1.22; 42% females) took part in this follow-up study. At baseline, both parents and teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), covering internalizing and externalizing problems, hyperactivity, negative peer relationships, and prosocial behavior. At follow-up, participants completed a booklet of questionnaires covering socio-demographic data, MT, and sleep disturbances. Results: Higher prosocial behavior, lower negative peer relationships, and lower internalizing and externalizing problems at age five, as rated by parents and teachers, were associated with self-reported higher MT and lower sleep disturbances at age 14. At age 14, and relative to males, females had lower MT scores and reported more sleep disturbances. Conclusion: The pattern of results suggests that MT traits during adolescence may have their origins in the pre-school years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hatzinger
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatric Services Solothurn Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick Coventry, UK
| | - Peter J Clough
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester, UK
| | - Sonja Perren
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kay von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Agnes von Wyl
- Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
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