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Kogien M, Marcon SR, Modena CF, Bittencourt MN, Rézio LDA, Faria JS. Prevalence and correlates of passive and active suicidal ideation among students entering graduate courses. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31:e3980. [PMID: 37729246 PMCID: PMC10508223 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6581.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses. METHOD an analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 321 students entering graduate courses. Multiple descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS the multivariate analyses indicated that passive and active suicidal ideation were similarly more prevalent among female students belonging to minority sexual orientations who engaged in daily physical activity ≤ 30 minutes/day and were victims of psychological violence in the past 12 months. Alcohol abuse, family relationships not impaired due to the demands imposed by stricto sensu graduate studies and low self-esteem were only associated with passive suicidal ideation. In turn, recent marijuana use in the last 30 days, poor interpersonal relationships with academic peers, and engagement in professional activities concomitantly with the demands imposed by graduate studies were only associated with active suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION high prevalence of lifetime passive and active suicidal ideation was identified among graduate students, and similarities and differences were verified between some associated factors for both outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Kogien
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Landrum KR, Akiba CF, Pence BW, Akello H, Chikalimba H, Dussault JM, Hosseinipour MC, Kanzoole K, Kulisewa K, Malava JK, Udedi M, Zimba CC, Gaynes BN. Assessing suicidality during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Lessons learned from adaptation and implementation of a telephone-based suicide risk assessment and response protocol in Malawi. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281711. [PMID: 36930620 PMCID: PMC10022777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to the rapid transition of many research studies from in-person to telephone follow-up globally. For mental health research in low-income settings, tele-follow-up raises unique safety concerns due to the potential of identifying suicide risk in participants who cannot be immediately referred to in-person care. We developed and iteratively adapted a telephone-delivered protocol designed to follow a positive suicide risk assessment (SRA) screening. We describe the development and implementation of this SRA protocol during follow-up of a cohort of adults with depression in Malawi enrolled in the Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Partnership for Mental Health Capacity Building (SHARP) randomized control trial during the COVID-19 era. We assess protocol feasibility and performance, describe challenges and lessons learned during protocol development, and discuss how this protocol may function as a model for use in other settings. Transition from in-person to telephone SRAs was feasible and identified participants with suicidal ideation (SI). Follow-up protocol monitoring indicated a 100% resolution rate of SI in cases following the SRA during this period, indicating that this was an effective strategy for monitoring SI virtually. Over 2% of participants monitored by phone screened positive for SI in the first six months of protocol implementation. Most were passive risk (73%). There were no suicides or suicide attempts during the study period. Barriers to implementation included use of a contact person for participants without personal phones, intermittent network problems, and pre-paid phone plans delaying follow-up. Delays in follow-up due to challenges with reaching contact persons, intermittent network problems, and pre-paid phone plans should be considered in future adaptations. Future directions include validation studies for use of this protocol in its existing context. This protocol was successful at identifying suicide risk levels and providing research assistants and participants with structured follow-up and referral plans. The protocol can serve as a model for virtual SRA development and is currently being adapted for use in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R. Landrum
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Akiba
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Josée M. Dussault
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mina C. Hosseinipour
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Kazione Kulisewa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Kamuzu University of Health, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Michael Udedi
- Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Unit, Malawi Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Bradley N. Gaynes
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Su MH, Liao SC, Chen HC, Lu ML, Chen WY, Hsiao PC, Chen CH, Huang MC, Kuo PH. The association of personality polygenic risk score, psychosocial protective factors and suicide attempt in mood disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:422-428. [PMID: 36323145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Some personality traits, especially neuroticism, has been found to be associated with suicide attempt (SA) in mood disorder patients. The present study explored the association between personality traits and SA using polygenic risk scores (PRS) for personality among patients with mood disorders. We also investigated the effects of a variety of psychosocial variables on SA. Patients with bipolar disorder (BPD, N = 841) and major depressive disorder (MDD, N = 710) were recruited from hospitals in Taiwan. Lifetime SA and information on psychosocial factors was collected. We calculated the PRS of neuroticism and extraversion. A trend test for SA was performed across quartiles of the PRS for neuroticism and extraversion, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between psychosocial factors and SA, accounting for the PRS of personality traits. The prevalence of SA was higher in MDD than in BPD patients. The risk of SA was elevated in MDD patients with a higher quintile of PRS in neuroticism and a lower quintile of PRS in extraversion. The multiple regression analysis results demonstrated that later age of onset, higher family support and resilience, and lower overall social support were protective factors against SA. From the perspective of suicide prevention efforts, strengthening family support and conducting resilience training for patients with mood disorders may be beneficial interventions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsin Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University BioMedical Park Hospital, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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Obuobi-Donkor G, Nkire N, Agyapong VIO. Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder and Correlates of Thoughts of Death, Suicidal Behaviour, and Death by Suicide in the Geriatric Population-A General Review of Literature. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:142. [PMID: 34821603 PMCID: PMC8614881 DOI: 10.3390/bs11110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been an increase in deaths by suicide in old age in the last decade. Depression and suicide in the elderly, 60 years and above, is a major global public health concern. Determining the prevalence of depression, and correlates of death by suicide in the geriatric population, is an important first step toward addressing this public health concern. This literature review aims to determine the prevalence of major depressive disorders and the correlates of death by suicide in the geriatric population. Methods: This general review of the literature was performed using relevant search terms to determine both the prevalence of depression and the correlates of death by suicide among the geriatric population. Databases such as MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed were searched. Relevant and current articles were extracted, reviewed, and analyzed. The elderly population was defined as individuals 60 years and above. Only full texts articles in English were reviewed. Findings: The prevalence estimates of major depressive disorder in the elderly ranged from 5.37 to 56%. Adults aged 60 years and older have a high risk of depression that exposes them to suicide. Moreover, elderly women are more likely to experience depression than elderly men, but successful suicide is more common in men. Depression and other mental health conditions (schizophrenia, anxiety disorders) and perceived stress were found to be predictors of suicide in the elderly. Other predictors included physical illnesses such as malignancies, financial constraints, cuckoldry, and sexual dysfunction, and also social factors like living alone triggers depressive symptoms and increases suicidal risk in the elderly. Hanging was found to be the most common method of death by suicide for both sexes. While elderly women preferred poisoning, elderly men in Western countries preferred firearms. Differences in gender, the aging process and social issues were also contributing factors to methods used for suicide. Conclusions: Depression and debilitating physical illnesses were identified as significant contributors to suicide risk in the elderly population, and emphasis should be placed on identifying these factors early and treating them. Recognizing and addressing factors that predict suicide in the elderly will help to improve the mental wellbeing of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nnamdi Nkire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Vincent I O Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
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Borderline Personality Symptoms: What Not to Be Overlooked When Approaching Suicidal Ideation among University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101399. [PMID: 34683078 PMCID: PMC8535964 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal ideation is a serious condition antecedent to suicidal attempts and is highly related not only to depression but also other psychosocial factors. This study aimed to examine the predictive effects of these potential factors for suicidal ideation among young adult university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of university students in Thailand. An online questionnaire employed the perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10), the patient health questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and a screening instrument for borderline personality disorder. An ordinal regression analysis was applied to determine the predictive effects of the independent variables. Of 336 students, the mean age was 20.26 ± 1.3 years, 80.4% of whom were female; 14.3% had suicidal ideation. The significant predictors of suicidal thoughts were perceived stress (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22); depressive symptoms (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22); borderline personality symptoms (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.40); and perceived social support (AOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.00). Not only did depressive symptoms contribute to suicidal ideation but they also constituted important variables. Therefore, they should be included in intervention plans to prevent suicidality among university students.
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