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MacLennan DS, Mayan M, Kunyk D, Lasiuk G. Incarcerated Men: Pain Experiences Shaped by Altered Independence and Loss of Autonomy. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2024; 20:130-137. [PMID: 38271471 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals experiencing pain while incarcerated depend on nurses, security structures, processes, and regulations for relief. PURPOSE The intent of this research was to understand men's experience of pain during incarceration to inform correctional nursing practice. METHOD Interpretive description, co-positioned with relational ethics, guided this study. Twelve incarcerated men participated in a single 1-hour interview that was audio-recorded and transcribed. The resultant text was analyzed for themes. FINDINGS The two main themes were dependence on staff and institutional processes and dependence on oneself and others who were incarcerated. Participants reported a substantial loss in their ability to access pain-relieving medications, products, and services. Unresponsive or delayed pain-relieving interventions from nurses contributed to their sense of indignity, disrespect, and injustice. The participants employed whatever was available, mainly exercise equipment and social support, to manage their pain. DISCUSSION Nurses must engage with incarcerated patients meaningfully to understand and respond to contextual factors that influence their pain experiences. Participants identified loss of autonomy and dependence on nurses as barriers to their pain relief. CONCLUSION Nurse engagement and responsiveness are crucial to altering incarcerated men's perceptions of injustice or helplessness while improving their pain experiences. Nurses must also foster autonomous pain-management approaches that men can use without limitations within correctional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Mayan
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta
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2
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Laricchiuta D, Garofalo C, Mazzeschi C. Trauma-related disorders and the bodily self: current perspectives and future directions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166127. [PMID: 37275691 PMCID: PMC10235635 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma-related disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions that influence people who have directly or indirectly witnessed adversities. Dramatic brain/body transformations and altered person's relationship with self, others, and the world occur when experiencing multiple types of traumas. In turn, these unfortunate modifications may contribute to predisposition to trauma-related vulnerability conditions, such as externalizing (aggression, delinquency, and conduct disorders) problems. This mini-review analyzes the relations between traumatic experiences (encoded as implicit and embodied procedural memories) and bodily self, sense of safety for the own body, and relationship with others, also in the presence of externalizing conducts. Furthermore, an emerging research area is also considered, highlighting principles and techniques of body-oriented and sensorimotor therapies designed to remodel bodily self-aspects in the presence of trauma, discussing their potential application with individuals showing externalizing problems.
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The Negative Effect of Social Discrimination on Pain Tolerance and the Moderating Role of Pain Catastrophizing. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 30:169-181. [PMID: 35244822 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the negative impact of social discrimination on the time to pain tolerance during experimentally induced cold pressor pain among healthy individuals. It was hypothesized that the degree to which one catastrophized about pain would exacerbate the negative impact of a history discriminatory experiences on pain tolerance, and that this interaction would be different between individuals of a racial and ethnic minority and non-Hispanic white individuals (thus testing catastrophizing as a moderated moderator). Higher levels of discrimination were positively related to catastrophic thinking about pain, and there was a significant negative relationship between the level of experienced discrimination and time to pain tolerance. Pain catastrophizing emerged as a significant moderator in that when pain catastrophizing levels were high, there was no association between social discrimination and pain tolerance. A history of social discrimination was significantly associated with reduced pain tolerance at low and moderate levels of pain catastrophizing. Racial minority status did not significantly alter this moderating relationship. Implications for the importance of assessing sociocultural variables, such as experiencing social discrimination in the clinical assessment of the individual with pain are outlined.
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Pierce J, Hassett AL, Brummett CM, McAfee J, Sieberg C, Schrepf A, Harte SE. Characterizing Pain and Generalized Sensory Sensitivity According to Trauma History Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:853-869. [PMID: 33377478 PMCID: PMC8382144 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and adversity have been linked to chronic pain and pain sensitivity, particularly centralized pain. Yet, there remain numerous gaps in our understanding of this link. PURPOSE We explored the association between nonviolent and violent childhood trauma and a component of centralized pain (i.e., generalized sensory sensitivity) and pain sensitivity using self-report measures of centralized pain and quantitative sensory testing (QST). METHODS Patients scheduled for a total knee arthroplasty (n = 129) completed questionnaires and QST prior to surgery. RESULTS We found that self-report measures of centralized pain (i.e., widespread pain, somatic awareness, and sensory sensitivity) displayed a graded relationship across trauma groups, with patients with a history of violent trauma reporting the highest scores. Univariable multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that higher sensory sensitivity was associated with increased risk of being in the nonviolent trauma group compared to the no trauma group. Furthermore, higher widespread pain, higher somatic awareness, and higher sensory sensitivity distinguished the violent trauma group from the no trauma group. In multivariable analyses, sensory sensitivity is uniquely distinguished between the violent trauma group and the no trauma group. QST did not distinguish between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need for future research and interventions that reduce sensory sensitivity for chronic pain patients with a history of violent childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pierce
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Afton L Hassett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chad M Brummett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jenna McAfee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine Sieberg
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Back and Pain Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Beltrán MI, Dijkerman HC, Keizer A. Affective touch experiences across the lifespan: Development of the Tactile Biography questionnaire and the mediating role of attachment style. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241041. [PMID: 33112898 PMCID: PMC7592771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of touch develops early in life and becomes a determinant aspect of our personal narratives, providing crucial information about the world around us and playing a prominent role in affective and social interactions. In this study we aimed to explore whether individual differences in touch experiences across the lifespan are related to adult attachment styles and to perceived touch deprivation. For this we first developed an instrument, namely the Tactile Biography, to quantify individual differences in affective touch experiences throughout life. Secondly, we performed a set of regressions models and a mediation analysis to investigate the role of attachment in relation to both the tactile history and perceived touch deprivation. We found that experiences of affective touch during childhood and adolescence seem to be closely associated with adult attachment styles and adult social touch experiences. Avoidant attachment appears to serve as a mediator in the relationship between earlier (childhood/adolescent) and later (adult) affective touch experiences, as well as between earlier affective touch experiences and perceived touch deprivation. These findings offer further support to existing literature, providing novel insights for the fields of social affective touch and attachment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes I. Beltrán
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H. Chris Dijkerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Keizer
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Humphreys KL, LeMoult J, Wear JG, Piersiak HA, Lee A, Gotlib IH. Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 102:104361. [PMID: 32062423 PMCID: PMC7081433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have documented that child maltreatment is associated with adverse long-term consequences for mental health, including increased risk for depression. Attempts to conduct meta-analyses of the association between different forms of child maltreatment and depressive symptomatology in adulthood, however, have been limited by the wide range of definitions of child maltreatment in the literature. OBJECTIVE We sought to meta-analyze a single, widely-used dimensional measure of child maltreatment, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, with respect to depression diagnosis and symptom scores. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 192 unique samples consisting of 68,830 individuals. METHODS We explored the association between total scores and scores from specific forms of child maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) and depression using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We found that higher child maltreatment scores were associated with a diagnosis of depression (g = 1.07; 95 % CI, 0.95-1.19) and with higher depression symptom scores (Z = .35; 95 % CI, .32-.38). Moreover, although each type of child maltreatment was positively associated with depression diagnosis and scores, there was variability in the size of the effects, with emotional abuse and emotional neglect demonstrating the strongest associations. CONCLUSIONS These analyses provide important evidence of the link between child maltreatment and depression, and highlight the particularly larger association with emotional maltreatment in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John G Wear
- Western University of Health Sciences, United States
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Zaorska J, Kopera M, Trucco EM, Suszek H, Kobyliński P, Jakubczyk A. Childhood Trauma, Emotion Regulation, and Pain in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:554150. [PMID: 33192667 PMCID: PMC7661433 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.554150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several studies have confirmed that the experience of childhood trauma, poor emotion regulation, as well as the experience of physical pain may contribute to the development and poor treatment outcomes of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, little is known about how the joint impact of these experiences may contribute to AUD. Objectives: To analyze associations between childhood trauma, emotion regulation, and pain in individuals with AUD. Methods: The study sample included 165 individuals diagnosed with AUD. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to investigate different types of trauma during childhood (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and neglect), the Brief Symptom Inventory was used to assess anxiety symptoms, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) was used to assess emotional dysregulation, and the Pain Resilience Scale and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire were used to measure self-reported pain tolerance and sensitivity. Results: Childhood emotional abuse (CTQ subscale score) was positively associated with anxiety, anxiety was positively associated with emotional dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation was negatively associated with pain tolerance. Accordingly, there was support for a significant indirect negative association between childhood emotional abuse and pain tolerance. The serial mediation statistical procedure demonstrated that anxiety and emotional dysregulation mediated the effect of childhood emotional abuse on pain resilience among individuals with AUD. Conclusions: Targeting emotional dysregulation and physical pain that can result from childhood trauma may have particular therapeutic utility among individuals treated for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zaorska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hubert Suszek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kobyliński
- Laboratory of Interactive Technologies, National Information Processing Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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al’Absi M, Nakajima M, Lemieux A. Impact of early life adversity on the stress biobehavioral response during nicotine withdrawal. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:108-118. [PMID: 30130691 PMCID: PMC6613643 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased subsequent risk for addiction and relapse. We examined changes in psychobiological responses to stress in dependent smokers and nonsmoking controls and evaluated how history of early adversity may exacerbate acute changes during nicotine withdrawal and acute stress. Smokers were randomly assigned to one of two conditions; 24 h withdrawal (66 smokers) from smoking and all nicotine-containing products or smoking ad libitum (46 smokers) prior to an acute laboratory stress induction session; and 44 nonsmokers provided normal referencing. The laboratory session included a baseline rest, stress and recovery periods. Plasma and saliva samples for the measurement stress hormones and cardiovascular and self-report mood measures were collected multiple times during the session. Multivariate analysis confirmed that all groups showed stress-related increases in negative mood, cardiovascular measures and stress hormones, particularly smokers in the withdrawal condition. Individuals with high ELA showed greater adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but lower plasma and salivary cortisol levels, than those with low ELA. Cortisol differences were abolished during tobacco withdrawal. These findings demonstrate that ELA moderates the effects of withdrawal on stress-related biobehavioral changes.
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Johnson FK, Kaffman A. Early life stress perturbs the function of microglia in the developing rodent brain: New insights and future challenges. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:18-27. [PMID: 28625767 PMCID: PMC5732099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the innate immune system in mediating some of the consequences of childhood abuse and neglect has received increasing attention in recent years. Most of the work to date has focused on the role that neuroinflammation plays in the long-term adult psychiatric and medical complications associated with childhood maltreatment. The effects of stress-induced neuroinflammation on neurodevelopment have received little attention because until recently this issue has not been studied systematically in animal models of early life stress. The primary goal of this review is to explore the hypothesis that elevated corticosterone during the first weeks of life in mice exposed to brief daily separation (BDS), which is a mouse model of early life stress, disrupts microglial function during a critical period of brain development. We propose that perturbations of microglial function lead to abnormal maturation of several neuronal and non-neuronal cellular processes resulting in behavioral abnormalities that emerge during the juvenile period and persist in adulthood. Here, we highlight recent work demonstrating that exposure to BDS alters microglial cell number, morphology, phagocytic activity, and gene expression in the developing hippocampus in a manner that extends into the juvenile period. These changes in microglial function are associated with abnormalities in developmental processes mediated by microglia including synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, axonal growth, and myelination. We examine the changes in microglial gene expression in the context of previous work demonstrating developmental and behavioral abnormalities in BDS mice and in other animal models of early life stress. The possible utility of these findings for developing novel PET imaging to assess microglial function in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Arie Kaffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Serum profile changes in postpartum women with a history of childhood maltreatment: a combined metabolite and lipid fingerprinting study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3468. [PMID: 29472571 PMCID: PMC5823924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) can increase the risk of adverse health consequences in adulthood. A deeper insight in underlying biological pathways would be of high clinical relevance for early detection and intervention. The untargeted investigation of all detectable metabolites and lipids in biological samples represents a promising new avenue to identify so far unknown biological pathways associated with CM. Using an untargeted approach, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed on peripheral blood serum samples collected three months postpartum from 105 women with varying degrees of CM exposure. Comprehensive univariate and multivariate statistical analyses consistently identified eight biomarker candidates putatively belonging to antioxidant-, lipid-, and endocannabinoid-associated pathways, which differentiated between women with and without CM. Classification algorithms allowed for clear prediction of the CM status with high accuracy scores (~80-90%). Similar results were obtained when excluding all women with a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. In order to confirm the identities of these promising biomarker candidates, LC-MS/MS analysis was applied, confirming one of the metabolites as bilirubin IXa, a potent antioxidant with immunomodulatory properties. In sum, our results suggest novel pathways that could explain long-term effects of CM on health and disease by influencing biological patterns associated with energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Boccia ML. How Do Early Life Experiences Modulate Sexual Function, Stress, and Pain? The Role of Serotonin in Sexual Function. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-016-0077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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