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Jain SK, Margret JJ, Parsanathan R, Velusamy T. Efficacy of L-cysteine in increasing circulatory hydrogen sulfide, nitrite, and 25(OH)VD levels in ZDF rats and in vitro treatment of H 2S and NO 2 in upregulating VD hydroxylase genes in monocytes. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01116-0. [PMID: 39245163 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Dairy products, such as whey proteins, have been effectively utilized to enhance the effectiveness of vitamin D fortification and optimize circulating 25(OH)VD levels. Whey protein is rich in L-cysteine (LC) which is the precursor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), enhances glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and promotes positive nitrogen balance. Zucker diabetic rats (ZDF) were used as a model in this study, to examine the hypothesis that LC supplementation enhances blood levels of H2S and nitrite (NO2) while reducing inflammation biomarkers. Rats were gavaged daily (orally) with either saline placebo or L-cysteine along with a high-calorie diet starting at 6 weeks of age. Fasting blood levels showed LC supplementation significantly increased circulatory levels of H2S and NO2 compared with placebo rats. LC supplementation increased plasma concentration of 25(OH)VD and vitamin C and lowered leptin and body weight gain in ZDF rats. Furthermore, to assess the impact of H2S and NO2 in raising 25(OH)VD levels, the in vitro effect of H2S/NO2 on vitamin D metabolism genes was examined using THP-1 monocytes. The exogenous H2S and NO2 treatment upregulated the relative expression of CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes in cultured monocytes. This study suggests a potential mechanism for the observed increase in circulating 25(OH)VD levels following L-cysteine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA.
| | | | - Rajesh Parsanathan
- Department of Pediatrics, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
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Almansouri Y, Alsuwatt A, Alzahrani M, Alsuwat MS, Alamrai R, Alsuwat WS, Almansouri BH, Al Bahis AF. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50716. [PMID: 38234944 PMCID: PMC10792344 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We must remember that there are many subclinical cases of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), even if the patient or family members typically become aware of it through symptoms such as snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). EDS is a common symptom among hypertensive patients. This interesting and remarkable systematic review aims to comprehensively survey the current literature on the prevalence and association of EDS among hypertensive patients. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA) was employed throughout this comprehensive process. This review included nine studies with a total of 58,517 patients, and 34,398 (58.8%) were males. EDS prevalence among hypertensive patients ranged from 12.1% to 88.3%. This review stated that individuals with hypertension (HTN) had EDS that was worse than that of patients with normotension. In one of the studies included in this analysis, sympathovagal imbalance was noted alongside EDS and HTN. Older age, primary education, being overweight, working, obesity, depression, and having had the condition for longer are all associated with EDS in HTN patients.
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Jain SK, Justin Margret J, Lally M. Positive association of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and HbA1c, and a negative association with hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) levels among healthy African Americans, and H 2S-inhibition and high-glucose-upregulation of AChE in cultured THP-1 human monocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:185-190. [PMID: 37866755 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in people over the age of 65 and in African Americans (AA). Elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been considered a major player in the onset of AD symptoms. As a result, many FDA-approved AD drugs target AChE inhibition to treat AD patients. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule known to downregulate oxidative stress and inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the blood is widely used as a biomarker to monitor inflammation and immunity. This study examined the hypothesis that plasma AChE levels have a negative association with H2S levels and that a positive association exists between levels of NLR, HbA1c, and ROS with the AChE in the peripheral blood. The fasting blood sample was taken from 114 African Americans who had provided written informed consent approved by the IRB. The effect of H2S and high-glucose treatment on AChE activity levels was also investigated in THP-1 human monocytes. There was a significant negative relationship between AChE and the levels of H2S (r = -0.41, p = 0.001); a positive association between the levels of AChE with age (r = 0.26, p = 0.03), NLR (r = 0.23, p = 0.04), ROS (r = 0.23, p = 0.04) and HbA1c levels (r = 0.24, p = 0.04), in AA subjects. No correlation was seen between blood levels of AChE and acetylcholine (ACh). Blood creatinine had a negative correlation (r = -0.23, p = 0.04) with ACh levels. There was a significant effect of H2S on AChE inhibition and of high glucose in upregulating AChE activity in cultured monocytes. This study suggests hyperglycemia and lower H2S status can contribute to an increase in the AChE activity levels. Future clinical studies are needed to examine the potential benefits of supplementation with hydrogen sulfide pro-drugs/compounds in reducing the AChE and the cognitive dysfunctions associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Justin Margret
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Marissa Lally
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
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Shi JH, Ding J, Cheng H, Fang H, Zhu J. Effect of Sleep Duration on Blood Pressure in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hypertensive Urgencies in Shanghai Fangcang Shelter Hospital. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3981-3988. [PMID: 37366502 PMCID: PMC10290844 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s420182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of sleep duration on blood pressure in patients with hypertension urgencies combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Fangcang shelter hospital. Methods From April 10, 2020 to May 20, 2022, we statistically analyzed the blood pressure and sleep conditions of 52 patients with combined hypertension urgencies and SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in Shanghai National Convention and Exhibition Center Fangcang shelter hospital. They were divided into the short-term (daily sleep duration: <7 h) and normal sleep group (7-9 h). We performed a comparison of the control effects of basic antihypertensive drugs. Additionally, patients in the short-term sleep group underwent drug therapy for sleep regulation and continuous monitoring of blood pressure. Results Among these patients, the blood pressure was higher in the short-term sleep group than that of the normal sleep group, and also more difficult to control (p <0.05). Furthermore, the blood pressure of the patients in the short-term sleep group was more easily controlled after treatment with drugs for sleep regulation and basic antihypertensive drugs (p <0.05). Conclusion The blood pressure level in patients with combined SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypertension urgencies was higher in those with a shorter duration of daily sleep, and also more difficult to control in Fangcang shelter hospital. Drug therapy for sleep regulation should be administered early to obtain sufficient blood pressure control effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Disinfection and Supply, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Xie X, Zhang N, Fu J, Wang Z, Ye Z, Liu Z. The potential for traditional Chinese therapy in treating sleep disorders caused by COVID-19 through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009527. [PMID: 36299906 PMCID: PMC9589290 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019, it has spread rapidly across the globe. Sleep disorders caused by COVID-19 have become a major concern for COVID-19 patients and recovered patients. So far, there’s no effective therapy on this. Traditional Chinese therapy (TCT) has a great effect on sleep disorders, with rare side effects and no obvious withdrawal symptoms. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a neuroregulatory pathway in the central nervous system that uses cholinergic neurons and neurotransmitters to suppress inflammatory responses, has been reported to be associated with sleep disorders and psychiatric symptoms. Many studies have shown that TCT activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), inhibits inflammation, and relieves associated symptoms. Therefore, we believe that TCT may be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate sleep disorders induced by COVID-19 through CAP. In this review, we analyzed the relationship between cytokine storm induced by Coronavirus and sleep disorders, explained the influence of CAP on sleep disorders, discussed the TCT’s effect on CAP, and summarized the treatment effect of TCT on sleep disorders. Based on these practical researches and theoretical basis, we propose potential strategies to effectively improve the sleep disorders caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingya Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, China
| | - Zhenzhi Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, China
| | - Zirun Ye
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijun Liu,
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