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Seidman L, Seidman DS, Constantini NW. Hormonal contraception for female athletes presents special needs and concerns. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2024; 29:8-14. [PMID: 38108091 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2023.2287960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral contraceptives (OCs) are commonly used by female athletes raising concerns regarding the possible adverse effects of OCs on physical performance, musculoskeletal injuries, and bone density. We aimed to review all current studies on the physiological effects of OCs in physically active women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of literature in electronic search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases from December 2002 to December 2022 using relevant keywords. The reference lists of the articles found eligible were also reviewed. RESULTS Out of 344 articles in the initial database, 54 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in our literature review. OCs are used by about two-thirds of female athletes. Current research suggests that OCs' effects on endurance performance and muscle strength are mostly reassuring. OCs do not seem to have a major negative impact on bone health or sports injuries. In fact, new data suggests that they may even significantly reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. CONCLUSIONS OCs can be safely used by young female athletes, who may also benefit from better menstrual cycle control. OCs offer newly realised protection from ACL injuries. The use of OCs must be carefully individualised according to their preferences, expectations, and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Seidman
- Soroka Medical School, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel S Seidman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naama W Constantini
- Heidi Rothberg Sport Medicine Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated to the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Zaragoza JA, Johnson QR, Lawson DJ, Alfaro EL, Dawes JJ, Smith DB. Relationships between Lower-body Power, Sprint and Change of Direction Speed among Collegiate Basketball Players by Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2022; 15:974-984. [PMID: 36159340 PMCID: PMC9458274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if significant relationships exist between absolute and relative lower-body power and selected measures of speed among male and female collegiate basketball players. Archived performance testing data from 29 (male = 14; female = 15) NCAA division II collegiate basketball players were used for this analysis. These measures included lane agility, 10-yard sprint, and shuttle run time (sec). A Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine if significant relationships existed between measures of lower-body power and linear sprint time, change of direction speed (CODS), and shuttle performance. Statistical significance was set a priori at p ≤ 0.05. A significant large correlation was found between absolute power and lane agility (r = 0.54, p = 0.05) among male players. No significant correlations were found between absolute or relative power for 10-yard sprint times, lane agility, or shuttle run performance (p > 0.05). Females showed no significant correlations between relative power and lane agility (r = -0.25, p = 0.37) or 10-yard sprint (r = -0.47, p = 0.08), but did show a significant large correlation (r = -0.64, p = 0.01) between relative power and shuttle run performance. Generating high amounts of relative power is vital in intermittent team sports such as basketball. In particular, this study provided evidence that relative power in female collegiate basketball players is significantly related to shuttle run ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Zaragoza
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Quincy R Johnson
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Daniel J Lawson
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Alfaro
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - J Jay Dawes
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Doug B Smith
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Mondini Trissino da Lodi C, Landini MP, Asunis E, Filardo G. Women Have Tendons… and Tendinopathy: Gender Bias is a "Gender Void" in Sports Medicine with a Lack of Women Data on Patellar Tendinopathy-A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:74. [PMID: 35670894 PMCID: PMC9174378 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patellar tendinopathy is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems associated with sport. While commonly perceived as a predominantly male problem, recent epidemiological studies revealed that it also affects a large number of sport-active women. The aim of this systematic review was to understand how the available treatments apply to women affected by patellar tendinopathy. METHODS We analysed the available literature with a systematic review on three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science) on February 2021, retrieving a total of 136 studies published from 1983. RESULTS The overall scientific field offers an astonishingly low number of data on treatment results referring to only 78 women (2%) in the entire literature. Only 5% of the retrieved articles considered focusing only or mostly on men to be a limitation. CONCLUSIONS Women represent only a minority of patients studied for this topic. The few documented cases are further fragmented by being related to different treatments, thus basically offering no solid evidence for results and limitations of any therapeutic approach in women. This literature analysis showed a greater gender gap than what is recognized in science and general medicine; it showed a gender blindness in sports medicine when investigating a common problem like patellar tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Asunis
- II Clinica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.,Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy.,Facoltà Di Scienze Biomediche, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
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Bozacı AC, Aki FT, Zeybek D, Müftüoğlu S, Tekgül S. Comparision of The Histologic Response to Different Bulking Materials Used in Endoscopic Vesicoureteral Reflux Surgery. JOURNAL OF UROLOGICAL SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.4274/jus.galenos.2021.2021.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Hannington M, Tait T, Docking S, Cook J, Owoeye O, Bonello C, Emery C, Pasanen K, Edwards S, Rio E. Prevalence and pain distribution of anterior knee pain in college basketball players. J Athl Train 2021; 57:319-324. [PMID: 34329433 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0604.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Causes of anterior knee pain (AKP) in jumping athletes include patellofemoral pain and patellar tendinopathy. Differential diagnosis of AKP is challenging, with variation in clinical presentations. No previous research has used pain location to describe AKP in basketball athletes. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and pain distribution of AKP in college basketball. To report the prevalence of focal inferior pole pain using two outcome measures. DESIGN Cross-sectional study Setting: University and college basketball facilities in Alberta, Canada. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS 242 collegiate basketball athletes Main Outcome Measure(s): The single leg decline squat test (SLDS) was used to capture pain location using pain mapping (dichotomised into focal/diffuse) and pain severity (numerical rating scale). The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Knee questionnaire (OSTRC-Knee) and adapted version for patellar tendinopathy (OSTRC-P) were used to report the prevalence of anterior knee pain (AKP) and patellar tendinopathy respectively. Focal inferior pole pain during the SLDS was used to classify patellar tendinopathy. RESULTS Of the 242 players (138 women, 104 men), 146 (60%) reported pain with the SLDS [unilateral n=64, (26%); bilateral n=82 (34%)]. 101 (43%) reported knee pain using the OSTRC-Knee. Pain mapping captured variability in pain location. Diffuse pain was more prevalent [left 70%; right 72%] than focal pain [left 30%; right 28%]. There was low prevalence of patellar tendinopathy with either outcome measure; OSTRC-P [n=21, 8.7%] and inferior pole pain during the SLDS [n=25, 10.3%] Conclusions: Diffuse AKP was common in Canadian basketball players, however pain mapped to the inferior pole of the patella was not. Few players reported tendinopathy using the OSTRC-P, suggesting that patellar tendinopathy was not a primary knee pain presentation in this jumping cohort. Pain location rather than presence or severity of pain alone may better describe the clinical presentations of AKP in jumping athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Hannington
- 1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre; College of Science, Health and Engineering; La Trobe University; Australia
| | - Tyler Tait
- 2Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean Docking
- 1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre; College of Science, Health and Engineering; La Trobe University; Australia
| | - Jill Cook
- 1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre; College of Science, Health and Engineering; La Trobe University; Australia
| | - Oluwatoyosi Owoeye
- 2Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,8Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christian Bonello
- 1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre; College of Science, Health and Engineering; La Trobe University; Australia
| | - Carolyn Emery
- 2Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,4Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,5Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,6McCaig Research Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- 2Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,5Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,6McCaig Research Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,7Tampere Research Center of Sport Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suzi Edwards
- 2Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ebonie Rio
- 1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre; College of Science, Health and Engineering; La Trobe University; Australia
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Saeki J, Iizuka S, Sekino H, Suzuki A, Maemichi T, Torii S. Optimum Angle of Force Production Temporarily Changes Due to Growth in Male Adolescence. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8010020. [PMID: 33401578 PMCID: PMC7823696 DOI: 10.3390/children8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The peak increase in lean mass in adolescents is delayed from peak height velocity (PHV), and muscle flexibility temporarily decreases as bones grow. If the decrease in muscle flexibility is caused by muscle elongation, the relationship between the exerted torque and the joint angle could change in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the optimum angle of force production due to growth. Eighty-eight healthy boys were recruited for this study. Isokinetic knee extension muscle strength of the dominant leg was recorded. The outcome variable was the knee flexion angle when maximal knee extension torque was produced (optimum angle). The age at which PHV occurred was estimated from subjects’ height history. We calculated the difference between the age at measurement and the expected age of PHV (growth age). A regression analysis was performed with the optimal angle of force exertion as the dependent variable and the growth age as the independent variable. Then, a polynomial formula with the lowest p-value was obtained. A significant cubic regression was obtained between optimum angle and growth age. The results suggest that the optimum angle of force production temporarily changes in male adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Saeki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Satoshi Iizuka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Hiroaki Sekino
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (H.S.); (A.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Ayahiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (H.S.); (A.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshihiro Maemichi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (H.S.); (A.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Suguru Torii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (S.I.); (S.T.)
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Robotti G, Draghi F, Bortolotto C, Canepa MG. Ultrasound of sports injuries of the musculoskeletal system: gender differences. J Ultrasound 2020; 23:279-285. [PMID: 32130686 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, women and girls are increasing their sport participation, and female sports are becoming more challenging. While more women and girls are participating in sports, there is still a lack of information about gender-specific lesions. We will therefore evaluate gender differences in sports injuries, analyzing the five sports and sporting activities that are most widespread in the western world: running, soccer, basketball, water sports, and winter sports. The ability to make correct ultrasonographic diagnoses in sports injuries is improving as the technology is advancing. Ultrasonography demonstrates tissue structure with two-dimensional grayscale images, while blood flow can be visualized with color and power Doppler. Furthermore, ultrasonography is the preferred imaging modality for studying soft-tissue lesions dynamically. High-quality diagnostic ultrasound cannot be performed without the knowledge of the underlying clinical background, and an understanding of gender-specific injuries and mechanisms of injuries is therefore important for assessing proper diagnostic and treatment guidelines tailored to phenotypic differences in professional and amateur athletes between male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Robotti
- Studio di ecografia medica e terapia del dolore, 6805, Mezzovico Lugano, Switzerland.,Istituto Radiologico Collegiata, 6512, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,UniLudes, 6900, Pazzallo Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinando Draghi
- Istituto di Radiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Istituto di Radiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Canepa
- Studio di Medicina interna, manipolativa e terapia del dolore, 6805, Mezzovico Lugano, Switzerland
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Makovicka JL, Deckey DG, Patel KA, Hassebrock JD, Chung AS, Tummala SV, Hydrick TC, Pena A, Chhabra A. Epidemiology of Lumbar Spine Injuries in Men's and Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119879104. [PMID: 31700939 PMCID: PMC6823986 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119879104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumbar spine injuries (LSIs) are common in both men’s and women’s National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball players and can frequently lead to reinjuries and persistent pain. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of an LSI in collegiate men’s and women’s basketball during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The incidence and characteristics of LSIs were identified utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP). Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). AEs were defined as any student participation in 1 NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were then calculated to compare the rates of injury between season, event type, mechanism, injury recurrence, and time lost from sport. Results: The NCAA ISP reported 124 LSIs from an average of 28 and 29 men’s and women’s teams, respectively. These were used via validated weighting methodology to estimate a total of 5197 LSIs nationally. The rate of LSIs in women was 2.16 per 10,000 AEs, while men suffered LSIs at a rate of 3.47 per 10,000 AEs. Men were 1.61 times more likely to suffer an LSI compared with women. In men, an LSI was 3.48 times more likely to occur in competition when compared with practice, while in women, an LSI was 1.36 times more likely to occur in competition than in practice. Women suffered the highest LSI rate during the postseason, while the highest rate in men was during the regular season. The majority of both female (58.9%; n = 1004) and male (73.1%; n = 2353) athletes returned to play within 24 hours of injury. Conclusion: To date, this is the largest study to characterize LSIs in NCAA basketball and provides needed information on the prevalence and timing of these injuries. The majority of injuries in both sexes were new, and most athletes returned to play in less than 24 hours. Injury rates were highest during competition in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Deckey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Karan A Patel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sailesh V Tummala
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Austin Pena
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Hutchison MK, Houck J, Cuddeford T, Dorociak R, Brumitt J. Prevalence of Patellar Tendinopathy and Patellar Tendon Abnormality in Male Collegiate Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Athl Train 2019; 54:953-958. [PMID: 31424974 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-70-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a degenerative condition known to affect athletes who participate in sports such as basketball and volleyball. Patellar tendinopathy is a challenging condition to treat and may cause an athlete to prematurely retire from sport. The prevalence of PT in male collegiate basketball players is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of PT and patellar tendon abnormality (PTA) in a population of male collegiate basketball players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions II and III, National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, and Northwest Athletic Conference male collegiate basketball teams were assessed in a university laboratory setting. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Ninety-five male collegiate basketball players (age = 20.0 ± 1.7 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A diagnostic ultrasound image of an athlete's patellar tendon was obtained from each knee. Patellar tendinopathy was identified based on a player's symptoms (pain with palpation) and the presence of a hypoechoic region on an ultrasonographic image. RESULTS A majority of participants, 53 of 95 (55.8%), did not present with pain during palpation or ultrasonographic evidence of PTA. Thirty-two basketball players (33.7%) displayed ultrasonographic evidence of PTA in at least 1 knee; 20 of those athletes (21.1%) had PT (pain and tendon abnormality). Nonstarters were 3.5 times more likely to present with PTA (odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 9.6; P = .017) and 4 times more likely to present with PT (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 14.8; P = .038) at the start of the season. CONCLUSIONS One in 3 male collegiate basketball players presented with either PT or PTA. Sports medicine professionals should evaluate basketball athletes for PT and PTA as part of a preseason screening protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Houck
- School of Physical Therapy, George Fox University, Newberg, OR
| | - Tyler Cuddeford
- School of Physical Therapy, George Fox University, Newberg, OR
| | - Robin Dorociak
- School of Physical Therapy, George Fox University, Newberg, OR.,Northwest Biomechanics, LLC, Portland, OR
| | - Jason Brumitt
- School of Physical Therapy, George Fox University, Newberg, OR
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MODIFYING MIDSOLE STIFFNESS of BASKETBALL FOOTWEAR AFFECTS FOOT and ANKLE BIOMECHANICS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2019; 14:359-367. [PMID: 31681495 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20190359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing incidence of foot injuries in basketball, which may be from the sport's repetitive, forceful multi-directional demands. Modifying midsole stiffness of the basketball shoe has been reported to alter ankle motion and plantar forces to reduce the risk of injury; however, the effects on anatomical, in-shoe foot (metatarsal), motion is not well understood. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify differences in foot and ankle biomechanics between basketball shoes with differing midsole stiffness values during single-leg jump landings. It was hypothesized that a stiffer midsole would elicit lower 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) dorsiflexion angles, higher ankle dorsiflexion angles, and higher plantar forces and relative loading in the distal foot. Study Design Experimental cross-sectional study. Methods Twenty high school and collegiate-aged basketball players performed a single-leg side drop jump and a single-leg cross drop jump in a pair of standard basketball shoes and a pair of shoes modified with a fiberglass plate to increase midsole stiffness. Three-dimensional motion analysis and flexible insoles quantified foot and ankle kinematics and plantar force distribution, respectively. Separate 2 (footwear) × 2 (task) repeated measures ANOVA models were used to analyze differences in 1) ankle kinematics, 2) 1st metatarsophalangeal kinematics, 3) maximal regional plantar forces, and 4) relative load. Results The stiffer shoe elicited decreased peak ankle plantarflexion (mean difference = 5.8 °, p = 0.01) and eversion (mean difference = 6.6 °, p = 0.03) and increased peak ankle dorsiflexion angles (mean difference = 5.0 °, p = 0.008) but no differences were observed in 1st MTPJ motion (p > 0.05). The stiffer shoe also resulted in lower peak plantar forces (mean difference = 24.2N, p = 0.004) and relative load (mean difference = 1.9%, p = 0.001) under the lesser toes. Conclusions Altering the midsole stiffness in basketball shoes did not reduce motion at the MTPJ, indicating that added stiffness may reduce shoe motion, but does not reduce in-shoe anatomical motion. Instead, a stiffer midsole elicits other changes, including additional ankle joint motion and a reduction in plantar forces under the lesser toes. Collectively, this indicates that clinicians need to account for unintended compensations that can occur throughout the kinetic chain when altering a shoe property to alleviate a musculoskeletal injury. Level of Evidence 2b.
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11
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Sexual dimorphism in the anatomy of the ulnar collateral thumb ligament. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 131:216-220. [PMID: 30937541 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-1483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of ruptured ulnar collateral thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint ligaments (UCL) necessitate a profound anatomic knowledge for optimal surgical repair in order to preserve range of motion and ensure postoperative joint stability. Therefore, knowledge of the angle between the UCL and the longitudinal axis of the first metacarpal bone could be useful. METHODS In this study 46 ulnar collateral thumb MCP joint ligaments in 15 male and 15 female embalmed anatomic specimens were dissected and the angles between the longitudinal axis of the first metacarpal bone and the proper (PUCL) as well as the accessory ulnar collateral thumb MCP ligament (AUCL) were measured. RESULTS In male specimens the angle for the PUCL measured on average 133.5° (±2.35°) and 122.75° (±3.8°) for the AUCL. A significantly different angle was measured for female specimens which showed on average 137.88° (±3.51°) for the PUCL and 128.65° (±4.14°) for the AUCL. CONCLUSIONS Optimal surgical repair or reconstruction of torn ulnar collateral thumb MCP joint ligaments should aim for an angle of approximately 135° in PUCL and 126° in AUCL in relation to the longitudinal axis of the metacarpal bone. Differences in men and women should be considered if possible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV (anatomic study).
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