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Wang Q, Yu G, Qiu J, Lu W. Application of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion in Clinical Liver Imaging: A Literature Review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:417-440. [PMID: 37908165 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling is a widely used double-exponential model for describing diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal, with a slow component related to pure molecular diffusion and a fast component associated with microcirculatory perfusion, which compensates for the limitations of traditional DWI. IVIM is a noninvasive technique for obtaining liver pathological information and characterizing liver lesions, and has potential applications in the initial diagnosis and treatment monitoring of liver diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that IVIM-derived parameters are useful for evaluating liver lesions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and liver tumors. However, the results are not stable. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the current applications of IVIM in liver disease research, identify existing shortcomings, and point out the future development direction. In this review, we searched for studies related to hepatic IVIM-DWI applications over the past two decades in the PubMed database. We first introduce the fundamental principles and influential factors of IVIM, and then discuss its application in NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and focal hepatic lesions. It has been found that IVIM is still unstable in ensuring the robustness and reproducibility of measurements in the assessment of liver fibrosis grade and liver tumors differentiation, due to inconsistent and substantial overlap in the range of IVIM-derived parameters for different fibrotic stages. In the end, the future direction of IVIM-DWI in the assessment of liver diseases is discussed, emphasizing the need for further research on the stability of IVIM-derived parameters, particularly perfusion-related parameters, in order to promote the clinical practice of IVIM-DWI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Weizhao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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Zhao X, Wen Q, Wang J, Dou W, Zhang G, Shi H. Is intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging useful for predicting hepatocellular cancer recurrence and invasion of the peritumoral zone after transarterial chemoembolization? J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:584-591. [PMID: 38687928 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1582_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the potential role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in predicting the therapeutic response and peritumoral invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 47 patients previously treated with TACE between January 2018 and December 2021. We evaluated the IVIM-derived metrics [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), D, D*, f] in the TACE-treated, peritumoral, and parenchymal areas of the liver. RESULTS The ADCtace and Dtace values (1.13 ± 0.22 × 10-3 m2/s vs 0.95 ± 0.13 × 10-3 mm2/s, 1.28 ± 0.27 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 1.07 ± 0.3 × 10-3 mm2/s, P < 0.05) were higher in the non-progressing groups than in the progressing groups in the TACE-treated areas. Dpt represented the D values in the peritumoral area, which can distinguish between the progressive and non-progressive groups with an AUC of 0.73. The Dstd values, which represent the D values in the peritumoral area normalized by the D values in the liver parenchyma in the non-progressing groups (1.10 ± 0.14 × 10-3 mm2/s), were higher than those of the progressing groups (0.93 ± 0.17 × 10-3 mm2/s). CONCLUSION The ADCtace, Dtace, Dpt, and Dstd values reflect the changes in the microstructure of the progressive and non-progressive groups after TACE treatment, showing robust diagnostic performances in predicting the therapeutic response and peritumoral invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Wang
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Dou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hao Shi
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Reddy Bursapalle M, Valakkadaa J, Ayappan A. Role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in response assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) - A prospective study. RADIOLOGIA 2024; 66:23-31. [PMID: 38365352 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Response evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) currently is based on arterial phase enhancement which doesn't take into microstructural changes in the tumor after trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). AIM This prospective study was conducted to assess the feasibility and efficacy of intravascular incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) in response evaluation of HCC after TACE. 39 cirrhotic patients with 48 HCC underwent MR imaging 1 week within and 6weeks after TACE. IVIM parameters like Dslow (true diffusion), Dfast (pseudodiffusion), perfusion fraction and ADC were measured prior to and postTACE. The pre and post TACE values in LR-TR (LIRADS - treatment response) nonviable and viable lesions were compared using paired t-tests. ROC curve analysis was done to calculate sensitivity and specificity and propose cut-off values. RESULT Non-viable lesions showed a significant increase in Dslow (1.208 ± 0.581 vs 1.560 ± 0.494, P-value -.0207) and ADC (1.37 ± 0.53 vs 1.65 ± 0.4287, P value .016) after TACE. There was also significant decrease in Dfast (33.7 ± 10.4 vs 23.75 ± 12.13, P value .0005) and f (19.92 ± 10.54 vs 12.9 ± 10.41, P value .012) values after TACE in non-viable lesions compared to viable lesions. The change in true diffusion had the highest AUC (0.741) among IVIM parameters with greater than 0.075 increase between preTACE and postTACE values having a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 60% respectively for complete response. CONCLUSION IVIM imaging is feasible to assess the response in HCC after TACE. True diffusion is more sensitive and specific than apparent diffusion in evaluating the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reddy Bursapalle
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Imagen y Radiología Intervencionista, Instituto Sreechitra de Ciencias Médicas y Tecnología, Trivandrum, India
| | - J Valakkadaa
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Imagen y Radiología Intervencionista, Instituto Sreechitra de Ciencias Médicas y Tecnología, Trivandrum, India.
| | - A Ayappan
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Imagen y Radiología Intervencionista, Instituto Sreechitra de Ciencias Médicas y Tecnología, Trivandrum, India
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Phonlakrai M, Ramadan S, Simpson J, Skehan K, Goodwin J, Trada Y, Martin J, Sridharan S, Gan LT, Siddique SH, Greer P. Non-contrast based approach for liver function quantification using Bayesian-based intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging: A pilot study. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2023; 24:e14178. [PMID: 37819022 PMCID: PMC10647975 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver cirrhosis disrupts liver function and tissue perfusion, detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Assessing liver function at the voxel level with 13-b value intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) could aid in radiation therapy liver-sparing treatment for patients with early impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of IVIM-DWI for liver function assessment and correlate it with other multiparametric (mp) MRI methods at the voxel level. METHOD This study investigates the variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from 13-b value IVIM-DWI and B1-corrected dual flip angle (DFA) T1 mapping. Experiments were conducted in-vitro with QIBA and NIST phantoms and in 10 healthy volunteers for IVIM-DWI. Additionally, 12 patients underwent an mp-MRI examination. The imaging protocol included a 13-b value IVIM-DWI sequence for generating IVIM parametric maps. B1-corrected DFA T1 pulse sequence was used for generating T1 maps, and Gadoxatate low temporal resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced (LTR-DCE) MRI was used for generating the Hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) map. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare IVIM-DWI parameters (Pure Diffusion, Dslow ; Pseudo diffusion, Dfast ; and Perfusion Fraction, Fp ) between the healthy volunteer and patient groups. Furthermore, in the patient group, statistical correlations were assessed at a voxel level between LTR-DCE MRI-derived HEF, T1 post-Gadoxetate administration, ΔT1%, and various IVIM parameters using Pearson correlation. RESULTS For-vitro measurements, the maximum coefficient of variation of the ADC and T1 parameters was 12.4% and 16.1%, respectively. The results also showed that Fp and Dfast were able to distinguish between healthy liver function and mild liver function impairment at the global level, with p = 0.002 for Fp and p < 0.001 for Dfast . Within the patient group, these parameters also exhibited a moderate correlation with HEF at the voxel level. CONCLUSION Overall, the study highlighted the potential of Dfast and Fp for detecting liver function impairment at both global and pixel levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monchai Phonlakrai
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Radiological TechnologyFaculty of Health Science TechnologyChulabhorn Royal AcademyBangkokThailand
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- HMRI Imaging CentreHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - John Simpson
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Kate Skehan
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Jonathan Goodwin
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Yuvnik Trada
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jarad Martin
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Swetha Sridharan
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Lay Theng Gan
- The Gastroenterology Department at John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | | | - Peter Greer
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentCalvary Mater NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
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Bursapalle MR, Valakkadaa J, Ayappan A. Papel de la imagen de movimiento incoherente intravóxel (IVIM) en la evaluación de la respuesta del carcinoma hepatocelular después de la quimioembolización transarterial (TACE): un estudio prospectivo. RADIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mürtz P, Tsesarskiy M, Sprinkart AM, Block W, Savchenko O, Luetkens JA, Attenberger U, Pieper CC. Simplified intravoxel incoherent motion DWI for differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions. Eur Radiol Exp 2022; 6:48. [PMID: 36171532 PMCID: PMC9519819 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-022-00298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating malignant versus benign breast lesions as (i) stand-alone tool and (ii) add-on to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Methods 1.5-T DWI data (b = 0, 50, 250, 800 s/mm2) were retrospectively analysed for 126 patients with malignant or benign breast lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ADC (0, 800) and IVIM-based parameters D1′ = ADC (50, 800), D2′ = ADC (250, 800), f1′ = f (0, 50, 800), f2′ = f (0, 250, 800) and D*′ = D* (0, 50, 250, 800) were voxel-wise calculated without fitting procedures. Regions of interest were analysed in vital tumour and perfusion hot spots. Beside the single parameters, the combined use of D1′ with f1′ and D2′ with f2′ was evaluated. Lesion differentiation was investigated for lesions (i) with hyperintensity on DWI with b = 800 s/mm2 (n = 191) and (ii) with suspicious contrast-enhancement (n = 135). Results All lesions with suspicious contrast-enhancement appeared also hyperintense on DWI with b = 800 s/mm2. For task (i), best discrimination was reached for the combination of D1′ and f1′ using perfusion hot spot regions-of-interest (accuracy 93.7%), which was higher than that of ADC (86.9%, p = 0.003) and single IVIM parameters D1′ (88.0%) and f1′ (87.4%). For task (ii), best discrimination was reached for single parameter D1′ using perfusion hot spot regions-of-interest (92.6%), which were slightly but not significantly better than that of ADC (91.1%) and D2′ (88.1%). Adding f1′ to D1′ did not improve discrimination. Conclusions IVIM analysis yielded a higher accuracy than ADC. If stand-alone DWI is used, perfusion analysis is of special relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mürtz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mark Tsesarskiy
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alois M Sprinkart
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Block
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Savchenko
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian A Luetkens
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claus C Pieper
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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7
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Comparison of different ROI analysis methods for liver lesion characterization with simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22752. [PMID: 34815436 PMCID: PMC8610969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of different ROI placement and analysis methods on the diagnostic performance of simplified IVIM-DWI for differentiating liver lesions. 1.5/3.0-T DWI data from a respiratory-gated MRI sequence (b = 0, 50, 250, 800 s/mm2) were analyzed in patients with malignant (n = 74/54) and benign (n = 35/19) lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient ADC = ADC(0,800) and IVIM parameters D1' = ADC(50,800), D2' = ADC(250,800), f1' = f(0,50,800), f2' = f(0,250,800), and D*' = D*(0,50,250,800) were calculated voxel-wise. For each lesion, a representative 2D-ROI, a 3D-ROI whole lesion, and a 3D-ROI from "good" slices were placed, including and excluding centrally deviating areas (CDA) if present, and analyzed with various histogram metrics. The diagnostic performance of 2D- and 3D-ROIs was not significantly different; e.g. AUC (ADC/D1'/f1') were 0.958/0.902/0.622 for 2D- and 0.942/0.892/0.712 for whole lesion 3D-ROIs excluding CDA at 1.5 T (p > 0.05). For 2D- and 3D-ROIs, AUC (ADC/D1'/D2') were significantly higher, when CDA were excluded. With CDA included, AUC (ADC/D1'/D2'/f1'/D*') improved when low percentiles were used instead of averages, and was then comparable to the results of average ROI analysis excluding CDA. For lesion differentiation the use of a representative 2D-ROI is sufficient. CDA should be excluded from ROIs by hand or automatically using low percentiles of diffusion coefficients.
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Philips CA, Rajesh S, Nair DC, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK, Augustine P. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2021: An Exhaustive Update. Cureus 2021; 13:e19274. [PMID: 34754704 PMCID: PMC8569837 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a challenging global health concern with an estimated more than a million persons to be affected annually by the year 2025. The commonest type is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has been increasing in incidence the world over, mostly due to chronic viral hepatitis B infection. In the last decade, paradigm changes in the etiology, understanding of molecular biology, and pathogenesis, including the role of gut microbiota; medical and surgical treatments, and outcome trends are notable. The application of omics-based technology has helped us unlock the molecular and immune landscape of HCC, through which novel targets for drug treatment such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors have been identified. Novel tools for the surveillance and diagnosis of HCC include protein-, genomics-, and composite algorithm-based clinical/biomarker panels. Magnetic resonance imaging-based novel techniques have improved HCC diagnosis through ancillary features that enhance classical criteria while positron emission tomography has shown value in prognostication. Identification of the role of gut microbiota in the causation and progression of HCC has opened areas for novel therapeutic research. A select group of patients still benefit from modified surgical and early interventional radiology treatments. Improvements in radiotherapy protocols, identification of parameters of futility among radiological interventions, and the emergence of novel first-line systemic therapies that include a combination of antiangiogenic and immune-checkpoint inhibitors have seen a paradigm change in progression-free and overall survival. The current review is aimed at providing exhaustive updates on the etiology, molecular biology, biomarker diagnosis, imaging, and recommended treatment options in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Interventional Hepatobiliary Radiology, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Dinu C Nair
- Interventional Hepatobiliary Radiology, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Jinsha K Abduljaleel
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
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Mürtz P, Mesropyan N, Sprinkart AM, Block W, Luetkens JA, Attenberger U, Pieper CC. Simplified intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI of liver lesions: feasibility of combined two-colour index maps. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:33. [PMID: 34368913 PMCID: PMC8349945 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the feasibility of two-colour index maps containing combined diffusion and perfusion information from simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for liver lesion malignancy assessment. Methods Diffusion-weighted data from a respiratory-gated 1.5-T magnetic resonance sequence were analysed in 109 patients with liver lesions. With three b values (0, 50, 800 s/mm2) estimated diffusion coefficient D′, perfusion fraction f′, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated and analysed for regions of interest (ROIs). D′ and f′ cutoff values were determined by differentiating haemangiomas from other lesions and focal nodular hyperplasias from other lesions, respectively. Combined IDf index maps were generated with a voxel value set to 100, if both D′ and f′ voxel values were lower than their cutoff values (1,529.4 × 10-6 mm2/s and 114.4 × 10-3, respectively), otherwise to 0. Moreover, IADC index maps were generated from ADC cutoff value (1,338.5 × 10-6 mm2/s) obtained by differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Discriminatory power was assessed for both IDf and IADC. Index maps were displayed as two-colour overlays to b-800 images and visually assessed within the translucent hyperintense areas. Results For IDf, the same diagnostic accuracy was achieved as for the combined use of parameters D′ and f′ (93.6%). Compared to IADC, IDf showed a higher diagnostic accuracy. Visual judgment of IDf yielded an accuracy (95.4%) similar to that of quantitative analysis (93.6%). Conclusion Voxel-wise combined two-colour index maps IDf provide similar diagnostic accuracy as ROI-based combination of estimated IVIM parameters D′ and f′ and are suitable for visual assessment of liver lesion malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mürtz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Narine Mesropyan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alois M Sprinkart
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Block
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian A Luetkens
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claus C Pieper
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
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The Role of Non-Gaussian Models of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122641. [PMID: 34203995 PMCID: PMC8232758 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been widely handled in the literature. Due to the mono-exponential model limitations, several studies recently investigated the role of non-Gaussian DWI models in HCC. However, their results are variable and inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize current knowledge on non-Gaussian DWI techniques in HCC. A systematic search of the literature, including PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases, was performed to identify original articles since 2010 that evaluated the role of non-Gaussian DWI models for HCC diagnosis, grading, response to treatment, and prognosis. Studies were grouped and summarized according to the non-Gaussian DWI models investigated. We focused on the most used non-Gaussian DWI models (Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), and Stretched Exponential—SE). The quality of included studies was evaluated by using QUADAS-2 and QUIPS tools. Forty-three articles were included, with IVIM and DKI being the most investigated models. Although the role of non-Gaussian DWI models in clinical settings has not fully been established, our findings showed that their parameters may potentially play a role in HCC. Further studies are required to identify a standardized DWI acquisition protocol for HCC diagnosis, grading, response to treatment, and prognosis.
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11
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Iima M. Perfusion-driven Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI in Oncology: Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends. Magn Reson Med Sci 2020; 20:125-138. [PMID: 32536681 PMCID: PMC8203481 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2019-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in MR hardware and software have allowed a surge of interest in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI in oncology. Beyond diffusion-weighted imaging (and the standard apparent diffusion coefficient mapping most commonly used clinically), IVIM provides information on tissue microcirculation without the need for contrast agents. In oncology, perfusion-driven IVIM MRI has already shown its potential for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors, as well as for detecting prognostic biomarkers and treatment monitoring. Current developments in IVIM data processing, and its use as a method of scanning patients who cannot receive contrast agents, are expected to increase further utilization. This paper reviews the current applications, challenges, and future trends of perfusion-driven IVIM in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital
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Server S, Sabet S, Bilgin R, Inan N, Yuzer Y, Tokat Y. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters for Assessing the Efficiency of Locoregional Bridging Treatments before Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:2391-2396. [PMID: 31474296 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) parameters for assessment of tumor response after locoregional treatment (LRT) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Fifteen patients with HCC who had undergone LRTs (11 transarterial radioembolization, 4 transarterial chemoembolization) were included. In addition to routine upper abdominal magnetic resonance imaging sequences, IVIM with 16 different b values and conventional diffusion weighted imaging with 3 different b factors were obtained immediately before and 8 weeks after LRTs. Magnetic resonance imaging response was evaluated according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) and HCCs were categorized into 2 subgroups, responders and nonresponders. Quantitatively, the number of diffusion-changes were calculated with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters, including mean D (true diffusion coefficient), pseudo-diffusion coefficient associated with blood flow, and f (perfusion fraction) values. Subsequently, the pre- and post-treatment parameters were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Considering all HCCs, a significant decrease was observed according to mRECIST criteria (-38.43 ± 16.49). The ADC and D values after LRTs were significantly higher than those of the preceding ones. The f values after LRTs were significantly lower than those of pre-treatment. In the responders group, ADC and D values were significantly increased and f values were significantly decreased after LRTs. No difference of statistical significance was achieved in the nonresponders group. CONCLUSIONS ADC values and IVIM parameters appear to reflect the response of LRTs as effectively as those of mRECIST. This promises new horizons in the management of pretransplant patients, especially in renal insufficiency clinical settings, owing to the elimination of contrast media administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadık Server
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Bilim University, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Soheil Sabet
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Bilim University, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refik Bilgin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Inan
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Bilim University, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yıldıray Yuzer
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Istanbul Bilim University, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaman Tokat
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Istanbul Bilim University, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhou Y, Zhang HX, Zhang XS, Sun YF, He KB, Sang XQ, Zhu YM, Kuai ZX. Non-mono-exponential diffusion models for assessing early response of liver metastases to chemotherapy in colorectal Cancer. Cancer Imaging 2019; 19:39. [PMID: 31217036 PMCID: PMC6585014 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-019-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative chemotherapy is becoming standard therapy for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, so early assessment of treatment response is crucial to make a reasonable therapeutic regimen and avoid overtreatment, especially for patients with severe side effects. The role of three non-mono-exponential diffusion models, such as the kurtosis model, the stretched exponential model and the statistical model, were explored in this study to early assess the response to chemotherapy in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. Methods Thirty-three patients diagnosed as colorectal liver metastasis were evaluated in this study. Diffusion-weighted images with b values (0, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 s/mm2) were acquired at 3.0 T. The parameters (ADCk, K, DDC,α, Dsand σ) were derived from three non-mono-exponential models (the kurtosis, stretched exponential and statistical models) as well as their corresponding percentage changes before and after chemotherapy. The difference in above parameters between the response and non-response groups were analyzed with independent-samples T-test (normality) and Mann–Whitney U-test (non-normality). Meanwhile, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the response to chemotherapy. Results Significantly lower values of K (the kurtosis coefficient derived from the kurtosis model) and σ (the width of diffusion coefficient distribution in the statistical model) (P < 0.05) were observed in the respond group before treatment, as well as higher ΔK and Δσ values (P < 0.05) after the first cycle of chemotherapy were also found compared with the non-respond group. ROC analyses showed the K value acquired before treatment had the highest diagnostic performance (0.746) in distinguishing responders from non-responders. Furthermore, the high sensitivity (100%) and accuracy (76.3%) from the K value before treatment was found in assessing the response of colorectal liver metastasis to chemotherapy. Conclusions The non-mono-exponential diffusion models may be able to predict early response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiu-Shi Zhang
- Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yun-Feng Sun
- Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kuang-Bang He
- Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Sang
- Division of Respiratory Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yue-Min Zhu
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1206, University Lyon 1-INSA Lyon-University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, 69621, Lyon, France
| | - Zi-Xiang Kuai
- Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Mürtz P, Pieper CC, Reick M, Sprinkart AM, Schild HH, Willinek WA, Kukuk GM. Is liver lesion characterisation by simplified IVIM DWI also feasible at 3.0 T? Eur Radiol 2019; 29:5889-5900. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Hussein RS, Tantawy W, Abbas YA. MRI assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional therapy. Insights Imaging 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30694398 PMCID: PMC6352610 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitute one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality, and high health care costs worldwide. Multiple treatment options are available for HCC depending on the clinical status of the patient, size and location of the tumor, and available techniques and expertise. Locoregional treatment options are multiple. The most challenging part is how to assess the treatment response by different imaging modalities, but our scope will be assessing the response to locoregional therapy for HCC by MRI. This will be addressed by conventional MR methods using LI-RADS v2018 and by functional MR using diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion, and highlighting the value of the novel intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha S Hussein
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and MR Unit of Misr Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wahid Tantawy
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and MR Unit of Misr Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Abbas
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and MR Unit of Misr Radiology Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Comparison of methods for estimation of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion coefficient (D) and perfusion fraction (f). MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 31:715-723. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mürtz P, Sprinkart AM, Reick M, Pieper CC, Schievelkamp AH, König R, Schild HH, Willinek WA, Kukuk GM. Accurate IVIM model-based liver lesion characterisation can be achieved with only three b-value DWI. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:4418-4428. [PMID: 29671057 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate a simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) approach of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with four b-values for liver lesion characterisation at 1.5 T. METHODS DWI data from a respiratory-gated MRI sequence with b = 0, 50, 250, 800 s/mm2 were retrospectively analysed in 173 lesions and 40 healthy livers. The apparent diffusion coefficient ADC = ADC(0,800) and IVIM-based parameters D1' = ADC(50,800), D2' =ADC(250,800), f1', f2', D*', ADClow = ADC(0,50), and ADCdiff=ADClow-D2' were calculated voxel-wise without fitting procedures. Differences between lesion groups were investigated. RESULTS Focal nodular hyperplasias were best discriminated from all other lesions by f1' with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.989. Haemangiomas were best discriminated by D1' (AUC of 0.994). For discrimination between malignant and benign lesions, ADC(0,800) and D1' were best suited (AUC of 0.915 and 0.858, respectively). Discriminatory power was further increased by using a combination of D1' and f1'. CONCLUSION IVIM parameters D and f approximated from three b-values provided more discriminatory power between liver lesions than ADC determined from two b-values. The use of b = 0, 50, 800 s/mm2 was superior to that of b = 0, 250, 800 s/mm2. The acquisition of four instead of three b-values has no further benefit for lesion characterisation. KEY POINTS • Diffusion and perfusion characteristics are assessable with only three b-values. • Association of b = 0, 50, 800 s/mm2is superior to b = 0, 250, 800 s/mm2. • A fourth acquired b-value has no benefit for differential diagnosis. • For liver lesion characterisation, simplified IVIM analysis is superior to ADC determination. • Simplified IVIM approach guarantees numerically stable, voxel-wise results and short acquisition times.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mürtz
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Radiologische Klinik der Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - A M Sprinkart
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Reick
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C C Pieper
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - R König
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H H Schild
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W A Willinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G M Kukuk
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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