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Ramos C, Gerakopoulos V, Oehler R. Metastasis-associated fibroblasts in peritoneal surface malignancies. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02717-4. [PMID: 38783165 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over decades, peritoneal surface malignancies (PSMs) have been associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. However, advancements in perioperative systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have significantly improved clinical outcomes. PSMs predominantly result from the spread of intra-abdominal neoplasia, which then form secondary peritoneal metastases. Colorectal, ovarian, and gastric cancers are the most common contributors. Despite diverse primary origins, the uniqueness of the peritoneum microenvironment shapes the common features of PSMs. Peritoneal metastization involves complex interactions between tumour cells and the peritoneal microenvironment. Fibroblasts play a crucial role, contributing to tumour development, progression, and therapy resistance. Peritoneal metastasis-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) in PSMs exhibit high heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology has revealed that immune-regulatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) seem to be the most prevalent subtype in PSMs. In addition, other major subtypes as myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and matrix CAFs (mCAFs) were frequently observed across PSMs studies. Peritoneal MAFs are suggested to originate from mesothelial cells, submesothelial fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, and omental-resident cells. This plasticity and heterogeneity of CAFs contribute to the complex microenvironment in PSMs, impacting treatment responses. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing targeted and local therapies to improve PSMs patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Ramos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasileios Gerakopoulos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Congedo MT, West EC, Evangelista J, Mattingly AA, Calabrese G, Sassorossi C, Nocera A, Chiappetta M, Flamini S, Abenavoli L, Margaritora S, Boccuto L, Lococo F. The genetic susceptibility in the development of malignant pleural mesothelioma: somatic and germline variants, clinicopathological features and implication in practical medical/surgical care: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:671-687. [PMID: 38410609 PMCID: PMC10894363 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive primary tumor of the pleura whose main risk factor is exposure to asbestos. However, only a minority of exposed people develops MPM and the incidence of MPM cases without an apparent association with asbestos exposure has been increasing in recent years, suggesting that genetic predisposing factors may play a crucial role. In addition, several studies reported familial cases of MPM, suggesting that heredity may be an important and underestimated feature in MPM development. Several candidate genes have been associated with a predisposition to MPM and most of them play a role in DNA repair mechanisms: overall, approximately 20% of MPM cases may be related to genetic predisposition. A particular category of patients with high susceptibility to MPM is represented by carriers of pathogenic variants in the BAP1 gene. Germline variants in BAP1 predispose to the development of MPM following an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance in the familial cases. MPMs in these patients are significantly less aggressive, and patients require a multidisciplinary approach that involves genetic counseling, medical genetics, pathology, surgical, medical, and radiation oncology expertise. In the present narrative review, we presented a comprehensive overview of genetic susceptibility in the development of MPM. Methods The narrative review is based on a selective literature carried out in PubMed in 2023. Inclusion criteria were original articles in English language, and clinical trials (randomized, prospective, or retrospective). Key Content and Findings We summarized the somatic and germline variants and the differences in terms of clinicopathological features and prognosis between gene-related MPM (GR-MPM) and asbestos-related MPM (AR-MPM). We also discussed the indications for screening, genetic testing, and surveillance of patients with BAP1 germline variants. Conclusions In this narrative review, we have emphasized that the BAP1 gene's harmful germline variations are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in familial cases. MPMs in individuals with these variations are less severe, and their medical care necessitates a collaborative effort. Additionally, we have outlined the current therapeutic prospects for MPM, including the possibility of gene-specific therapy, which is currently promising but still requires clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Casey West
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jessica Evangelista
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Aubrey Anne Mattingly
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Calabrese
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Sassorossi
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Nocera
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Chiappetta
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Flamini
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Margaritora
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Thoracic Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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3
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Hager T, Borchert S, Wessolly M, Mathilakathu A, Mairinger E, Kollmeier J, Mairinger T, Hegedus B, Greimelmaier K, Wohlschlaeger J, Herrmann K, Mairinger FD. One Third of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Shows High Immunohistochemical Expression of MSLN or CXCR4 Which Indicates Potent Candidates for Endo-Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076356. [PMID: 37047331 PMCID: PMC10094643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a mainly asbestos-related tumour associated with a very poor prognosis. Therapeutic approaches include multimodal therapy and chemotherapeutics, with cisplatin being the drug of choice, but response rates of only up to 14% indicate very poor outcomes. Effective treatment options are lacking. Besides the diagnostic usage of radioligands in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), the endo-radioligand therapy with Lu177 has been proven as a powerful tool in cancer therapy. Mesothelin (MSLN) and C-XC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) are membrane-bound proteins, expressed in certain cancers, and thus are promising targets for endo-radiotherapy. A significant portion of high MSLN- or CXCR4-expressing tumors within the MPM may open the field for this sophisticated treatment approach in the near future. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour specimens from 105 patients suffering from MPM and treated at the Lung Cancer Centre of Essen and at the Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring Berlin were screened. The tumour samples were arranged in tissue microarrays. We immunohistochemically stained the tumour samples against MSLN and CXCR4. The protein expressions of the stainings were scored by a pathologist by using a semiquantitative method. The data obtained were correlated with the clinical outcome. Overall, 77.1% of the analysed tumours showed CXCR4 protein expression (25.7% of them at high expression level (Score 3)). 48.6% of all samples showed an overall strong staining (Score ≥ 2), 59% of the investigated tumours showed MSLN protein expression (10.5% of them at high expression (Score 3)), and 36.2% of all samples showed an overall strong staining (Score ≥ 2). Our results show significant tissue expression levels, for both CXCR4 and MSLN protein, in a major portion of clinical MPM samples. One-third of patients showed outstanding immunoexpression of at least one of these markers, making them interesting candidates for radioligand-based PET/CT diagnostics and follow-up and furthermore may profit from endo-radiotherapy.
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4
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Ning WJ, Liu X, Zeng HY, An ZQ, Luo WX, Xia NS. Recent progress in antibody-based therapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:815-832. [PMID: 35738312 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2093853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of severely aggressive breast cancer that lacks the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is highly metastatic and related to a poor prognosis. Current standard treatments are still limited to systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. More effective treatments are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED The immunogenicity of TNBC has provided opportunities for the development of targeted immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the recent development in antibody-based drug modalities, including angiogenesis inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, immunoconjugates, T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells, and their mechanisms of action in TNBC. EXPERT OPINION At present, the treatment of TNBC is still a major challenge that needs to be addressed. Novel immunotherapies are promising opportunities for improving the management of this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning-Shao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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5
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Mahdavi SZB, Oroojalian F, Eyvazi S, Hejazi M, Baradaran B, Pouladi N, Tohidkia MR, Mokhtarzadeh A, Muyldermans S. An overview on display systems (phage, bacterial, and yeast display) for production of anticancer antibodies; advantages and disadvantages. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:421-442. [PMID: 35339499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies as ideal therapeutic and diagnostic molecules are among the top-selling drugs providing considerable efficacy in disease treatment, especially in cancer therapy. Limitations of the hybridoma technology as routine antibody generation method in conjunction with numerous developments in molecular biology led to the development of alternative approaches for the streamlined identification of most effective antibodies. In this regard, display selection technologies such as phage display, bacterial display, and yeast display have been widely promoted over the past three decades as ideal alternatives to traditional methods. The display of antibodies on phages is probably the most widespread of these methods, although surface display on bacteria or yeast have been employed successfully, as well. These methods using various sizes of combinatorial antibody libraries and different selection strategies possessing benefits in screening potency, generating, and isolation of high affinity antibodies with low risk of immunogenicity. Knowing the basics of each method assists in the design and retrieval process of antibodies suitable for different diseases, including cancer. In this review, we aim to outline the basics of each library construction and its display method, screening and selection steps. The advantages and disadvantages in comparison to alternative methods, and their applications in antibody engineering will be explained. Finally, we will review approved or non-approved therapeutic antibodies developed by employing these methods, which may serve as therapeutic antibodies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Pouladi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China..
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6
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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7
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Le Q, Castro S, Tang T, Loeb AM, Hylkema T, McKay CN, Perkins L, Srivastava S, Call L, Smith J, Leonti A, Ries R, Pardo L, Loken MR, Correnti C, Fiorenza S, Turtle CJ, Riddell S, Tarlock K, Meshinchi S. Therapeutic Targeting of Mesothelin with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5718-5730. [PMID: 34380639 PMCID: PMC9401532 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously identified mesothelin (MSLN) as highly expressed in a significant fraction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but entirely silent in normal hematopoiesis, providing a promising antigen for immunotherapeutic targeting that avoids hematopoietic toxicity. Given that T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are effective at eradicating relapsed/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia, we developed MSLN-directed CAR T cells for preclinical evaluation in AML. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The variable light (VL) and heavy (VH) sequences from the MSLN-targeting SS1P immunotoxin were used to construct the single-chain variable fragment of the standard CAR containing 41-BB costimulatory and CD3Zeta stimulatory domains. The preclinical efficacy of MSLN CAR T cells was evaluated against AML cell lines and patient samples expressing various levels of MSLN in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that MSLN is expressed on the cell surface of AML blasts and leukemic stem cell-enriched CD34+CD38- subset, but not on normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We further establish that MSLN CAR T cells are highly effective in eliminating MSLN-positive AML cells in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models. Importantly, MSLN CAR T cells can target and eradicate CD34+CD38- cells without impacting the viability of normal HSPCs. Finally, we show that CAR T-cell functionality can be improved by inhibition of the ADAM17 metalloprotease that promotes shedding of MSLN. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that MSLN is a viable target for CAR T-cell therapy in AML and that inhibiting MSLN shedding is a promising approach to improve CAR T-cell efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Le
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Corresponding Author: Quy Le, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109. Phone: 206-667-6008; Fax: 206-667-6084; E-mail:
| | - Sommer Castro
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thao Tang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anisha M. Loeb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Lindsey Call
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jenny Smith
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda Leonti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rhonda Ries
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura Pardo
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Hematologics, Inc, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Colin Correnti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Cameron J. Turtle
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Katherine Tarlock
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California
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8
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Hsu HJ, Tung CP, Yu CM, Chen CY, Chen HS, Huang YC, Tsai PH, Lin SI, Peng HP, Chiu YK, Tsou YL, Kuo WY, Jian JW, Hung FH, Hsieh CY, Hsiao M, Chuang SSH, Shen CN, Wang YA, Yang AS. Eradicating mesothelin-positive human gastric and pancreatic tumors in xenograft models with optimized anti-mesothelin antibody-drug conjugates from synthetic antibody libraries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15430. [PMID: 34326410 PMCID: PMC8322431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is an attractive candidate of targeted therapy for several cancers, and hence there are increasing needs to develop MSLN-targeting strategies for cancer therapeutics. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting MSLN have been demonstrated to be a viable strategy in treating MSLN-positive cancers. However, developing antibodies as targeting modules in ADCs for toxic payload delivery to the tumor site but not to normal tissues is not a straightforward task with many potential hurdles. In this work, we established a high throughput engineering platform to develop and optimize anti-MSLN ADCs by characterizing more than 300 scFv CDR-variants and more than 50 IgG CDR-variants of a parent anti-MSLN antibody as candidates for ADCs. The results indicate that only a small portion of the complementarity determining region (CDR) residues are indispensable in the MSLN-specific targeting. Also, the enhancement of the hydrophilicity of the rest of the CDR residues could drastically increase the overall solubility of the optimized anti-MSLN antibodies, and thus substantially improve the efficacies of the ADCs in treating human gastric and pancreatic tumor xenograft models in mice. We demonstrated that the in vivo treatments with the optimized ADCs resulted in almost complete eradication of the xenograft tumors at the treatment endpoints, without detectable off-target toxicity because of the ADCs’ high specificity targeting the cell surface tumor-associated MSLN. The technological platform can be applied to optimize the antibody sequences for more effective targeting modules of ADCs, even when the candidate antibodies are not necessarily feasible for the ADC development due to the antibodies’ inferior solubility or affinity/specificity to the target antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ju Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Tung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Su-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Peng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Liang Tsou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ying Kuo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Jian
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Hung Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - An-Suei Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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9
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Roy J, Jagoda EM, Basuli F, Vasalatiy O, Phelps TE, Wong K, Ton AT, Hagemann UB, Cuthbertson AS, Cole PE, Hassan R, Choyke PL, Lin FI. In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of 3,2-HOPO Versus Deferoxamine-Based Chelation of Zirconium-89 to the Antimesothelin Antibody Anetumab. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 36:316-325. [PMID: 34014767 PMCID: PMC8161658 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: [227Th]Th-3,2-HOPO-MSLN-mAb, a mesothelin (MSLN)-targeted thorium-227 therapeutic conjugate, is currently in phase I clinical trial; however, direct PET imaging using this conjugate is technically challenging. Thus, using the same MSLN antibody, we synthesized 3,2-HOPO and deferoxamine (DFO)-based zirconium-89 antibody conjugates, [89Zr]Zr-3,2-HOPO-MSLN-mAb and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MSLN-mAb, respectively, and compared them in vitro and in vivo. Methods: [89Zr]Zr-3,2-HOPO-MSLN-mAb and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MSLN-mAb were evaluated in vitro to determine binding affinity and immunoreactivity in HT29-MSLN and PDX (NCI-Meso16, NCI-Meso21) cells. For both the zirconium-89 conjugates, in vivo studies (biodistribution/imaging) were performed at days 1, 3, and 6, from which tissue uptake was determined. Results: Both the conjugates demonstrated a low nanomolar binding affinity for MSLN and >95% immunoreactivity. In all the three tumor types, biodistribution of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MSLN-mAb resulted in higher tumor uptake(15.88-28-33%ID/g) at all time points compared with [89Zr]Zr-3,2-HOPO-MSLN-mAb(7–13.07%ID/g). [89Zr]Zr-3,2-HOPO-MSLN-mAb femur uptake was always higher than [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MSLN-mAb, and imaging results concurred with the biodistribution studies. Conclusions: Even though the conjugates exhibited a high binding affinity for MSLN, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MSLN-mAb showed a higher tumor and lower femur uptake than [89Zr]Zr-3,2-HOPO-MSLN-mAb. Nevertheless, [89Zr]Zr-3,2-HOPO-MSLN-mAb could be used to study organ distribution and lesion uptake with the caveat of detecting MSLN-positive bone lesions. Clinical trial (NCT03507452).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Roy
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim E Phelps
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Wong
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita T Ton
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank I Lin
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Li Q, Li W, Xu K, Xing Y, Ding Y, Jing Z, Wang X, Hong Z. Preclinical evaluation of a novel anti-mesothelin immunotoxin based on a single domain antibody as the targeting ligand. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120647. [PMID: 33915185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, as one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies in the world, is lack of effective treatment. Constructing immunotoxin molecules to target the mesothelin (MSLN) receptor is a potential therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer and other related malignant tumors, with some molecules being tested in clinical trials. However, currently, there are still some limitations in its applications, such as the difficulty of the preparation of drug molecules, the limited effectiveness of drugs, and the inadequacy of drug safety and immunogenicity. In this study, we constructed a novel type of anti-MSLN immunotoxin, A1-PE24X7, in which a single domain antibody (sdAb) molecule was used as the target ligand and an improved PE24X7 toxin with reduced off-target toxicity and immunogenicity was used as the effector. Unlike conventional immunotoxins, the designed A1-PE24X7 could be easily expressed in the E. coli system in the form of a soluble protein with a good yield (15--20 mg/L), avoiding the complex process of denaturation and refolding of inclusion bodies, and it can be conveniently stored in PBS solution for more than 7 days at 4 °C, showing high storage stability. Cell-based experiments showed that A1-PE24X7 entered MSLN-expressing tumor cells in a receptor-mediated manner and killed these cells with an EC50 in the low nanomolar range (0.13 nM against NCI-N87 cells and 0.79 nM against AsPC-1 cells) and it showed ideal selectivity for the MSLN receptor (>100 nM against receptor negative PC3 cells). In animal-based experiments, A1-PE24X7 had tumor enrichment ability in relation to MSLN-positive tumors and showed strong tumor killing and inhibition in mouse models of pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer. Five injections of 3.0 mg/kg A1-PE24X7 significantly reduced the tumor volume of gastric NCI-N87 cancer and also significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic AsPC-1 cancer. In addition, the maximum tolerable dosage (MSD) of A1-PE24X7 to mice was higher than 15 mg/kg, showing that A1-PE24X7 has a relatively broad therapeutic window. These preclinical results indicate that this strategy has good potential for application to the treatment of pancreatic cancer and other tumors with high MSLN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Keyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yutong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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11
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Kaur J, Singh P, Enzler T, Sahai V. Emerging antibody therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a review of recent phase 2 trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:103-129. [PMID: 33734833 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.1905795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is now the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US which can be attributed to rising incidence, diagnosis at advanced stages and early development of metastasis. Systemic therapy remains palliative with early development of resistance possibly related to the constitutive activation of 'undruggable' KRAS, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and intense desmoplasia. The advancements in molecular biology has led to the development and investigation of targeted and immune therapeutics.Areas covered: This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature to further the understanding of molecular targets with their respective antibody-based therapies in clinical development in pancreatic cancer. PubMed was systematically searched for English-language articles discussing antibody-based therapies under phase 2 clinical trial investigation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Expert opinion: PDAC remains highly resistant to chemotherapy with no significant improvement in survival for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. Unfortunately, the majority of the antibody-based targeted and immune therapeutics have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints in early phase trials. However, there are a few promising antibody-based drugs with intriguing preliminary data that merit further investigation, while many more continue to be developed and investigated preclinically, and in early phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - Paramveer Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Enzler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Hatterer E, Chauchet X, Richard F, Barba L, Moine V, Chatel L, Broyer L, Pontini G, Bautzova T, Juan F, Calloud S, Bosson N, Charreton M, Masternak K, Buatois V, Shang L. Targeting a membrane-proximal epitope on mesothelin increases the tumoricidal activity of a bispecific antibody blocking CD47 on mesothelin-positive tumors. MAbs 2021; 12:1739408. [PMID: 32191151 PMCID: PMC7153835 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1739408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in several solid malignancies, including gastric, lung, mesothelioma, pancreatic and ovarian cancers. While several MSLN-targeting therapeutic approaches are in development, only limited efficacy has been achieved in patients. A potential shortcoming of several described antibody-based approaches is that they target the membrane distal region of MSLN and, additionally, are known to be handicapped by the high levels of circulating soluble MSLN in patients. We show here, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting different MSLN-spanning epitopes, that the membrane-proximal region resulted in more efficient killing of MSLN-positive tumor cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Surprisingly, no augmented killing was observed in antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by mAbs targeting this membrane-proximal region. To further increase the ADCP potential, we, therefore, generated bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) coupling a high-affinity MSLN binding arm to a blocking CD47 arm. Here, targeting the membrane-proximal domain of MSLN demonstrated enhanced ADCP activity compared to membrane-distal domains when the bsAbs were used in in vitro phagocytosis killing assays. Importantly, the superior anti-tumor activity was also translated in xenograft tumor models. Furthermore, we show that the bsAb approach targeting the membrane-proximal epitope of MSLN optimized ADCC activity by augmenting FcγR-IIIA activation and enhanced ADCP via a more efficient blockade of the CD47/SIRPα axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hatterer
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Chauchet
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Richard
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Barba
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Valéry Moine
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Chatel
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Lucile Broyer
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Tereza Bautzova
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Flora Juan
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Calloud
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bosson
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Maud Charreton
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Vanessa Buatois
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Limin Shang
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
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13
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Generation of a Novel Mesothelin-Targeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus and Implemented Strategies for Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020477. [PMID: 33418877 PMCID: PMC7825047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HER2-based retargeted viruses are in advanced phases of preclinical development of breast cancer models. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface tumor antigen expressed in different subtypes of breast and non-breast cancer. Its recent identification as a marker of some triple-negative breast tumors renders it an attractive target, presently investigated in clinical trials employing antibody drug conjugates and CAR-T cells. The availability of MSLN-retargeted oncolytic viruses may complement the current immunotherapeutic panel of biological drugs against HER2-negative breast and non-breast tumors. Methods: A fully virulent, tumor-targeted oncolytic Herpes simplex virus-1 (MSLN-THV) with a selectivity for mesothelin-expressing cancer cells was generated. Recombineering technology was used to replace an essential moiety of the viral glycoprotein D with antibody fragments derived from clinically validated MSLN monoclonal antibodies, and to allow IL12 cargo expression in infected cells. Panels of breast and female reproductive system cell lines were used to verify the oncolytic potential of the viral constructs. A platform for production of the retargeted viruses was developed in HEK 293 cells, providing stable expression of a suitable chimeric receptor. Results: We demonstrated the selectivity of viral infection and cytotoxicity by MSLN-retargeted viruses in a panel of mesothelin-positive cancer cells, originating from breast and female reproductive system tumors. We also developed a second-generation oncolytic MSLN-THV, encoding IL12, to enhance the immunotherapeutic potential of the viral backbone. A non-tumor cell line expressing a chimeric MSLN/Nectin-1 receptor, de-sensitized from antiviral responses by genetic inactivation of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-dependent pathway was engineered, to optimize viral yields. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study proposes MSLN-retargeted herpesviruses as potential cancer immunotherapeutics for assessments in preclinical models of MSLN-positive tumors, complementing the available panel of oncolytic viruses to HER2-negative breast tumors.
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14
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Molloy ME, Austin RJ, Lemon BD, Aaron WH, Ganti V, Jones A, Jones SD, Strobel KL, Patnaik P, Sexton K, Tatalick L, Yu TZ, Baeuerle PA, Law CL, Wesche H. Preclinical Characterization of HPN536, a Trispecific, T-Cell-Activating Protein Construct for the Treatment of Mesothelin-Expressing Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1452-1462. [PMID: 33262134 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked tumor antigen overexpressed in a variety of malignancies, including ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and triple-negative breast cancer. Early signs of clinical efficacy with MSLN-targeting agents have validated MSLN as a promising target for therapeutic intervention, but therapies with improved efficacy are still needed to address the significant unmet medical need posed by MSLN-expressing cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We designed HPN536, a 53-kDa, trispecific, T-cell-activating protein-based construct, which binds to MSLN-expressing tumor cells, CD3ε on T cells, and to serum albumin. Experiments were conducted to assess the potency, activity, and half-life of HPN536 in in vitro assays, rodent models, and in nonhuman primates (NHP). RESULTS HPN536 binds to MSLN-expressing tumor cells and to CD3ε on T cells, leading to T-cell activation and potent redirected target cell lysis. A third domain of HPN536 binds to serum albumin for extension of plasma half-life. In cynomolgus monkeys, HPN536 at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg demonstrated MSLN-dependent pharmacologic activity, was well tolerated, and showed pharmacokinetics in support of weekly dosing in humans. CONCLUSIONS HPN536 is potent, is well tolerated, and exhibits extended half-life in NHPs. It is currently in phase I clinical testing in patients with MSLN-expressing malignancies (NCT03872206).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryan D Lemon
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Wade H Aaron
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Adrie Jones
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Susan D Jones
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy Z Yu
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Patrick A Baeuerle
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California.,MPM Capital, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Planegg- Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Che-Leung Law
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Holger Wesche
- Harpoon Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
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15
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Multiple proteases are involved in mesothelin shedding by cancer cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:728. [PMID: 33262421 PMCID: PMC7708464 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a lineage restricted cell surface protein expressed in about 30% of human cancers and high MSLN expression is associated with poor survival in several different cancers. The restricted expression of MSLN in normal tissue and its frequent expression in cancers make MSLN an excellent target for antibody-based therapies. Many clinical trials with agents targeting MSLN have been carried out but to date none of these agents have produced enough responses to obtain FDA approval. MSLN shedding is an important factor that may contribute to the failure of these therapies, because shed MSLN acts as a decoy receptor and allows release of antibodies bound to cell-surface MSLN. We have investigated the mechanism of shedding and show here that members of the ADAM, MMP and BACE families of proteases all participate in shedding, that more than one protease can produce shedding in the same cell, and that inhibition of shedding greatly enhances killing of cells by an immunotoxin targeting MSLN. Our data indicates that controlling MSLN shedding could greatly increase the activity of therapies that target MSLN.
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16
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Klampatsa A, Dimou V, Albelda SM. Mesothelin-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:473-486. [PMID: 33176519 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1843628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor differentiation antigen normally restricted to the body's mesothelial surfaces, but significantly overexpressed in a broad range of solid tumors. For this reason, MSLN has emerged as an important target for the development of novel immunotherapies. This review focuses on anti-MSLN chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy approaches.Areas covered: A brief overview of MSLN as a therapeutic target and existing anti-MSLN antibody-based drugs and vaccines is provided. A detailed account of anti-MSLN CAR-T cell approaches utilized in preclinical models is presented. Finally, a comprehensive summary of currently ongoing and completed anti-MSLN CAR-T cell clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: Initial trials using anti-MSLN CAR-T cells have been safe, but efficacy has been limited. Employing regional routes of delivery, introducing novel modifications leading to enhanced tumor infiltration and persistence, and improved safety profiles and combining anti-MSLN CAR-T cells with standard therapies, could render them more efficacious in the treatment of solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Vivian Dimou
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Alfaleh MA, Alsaab HO, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Hashem AM. Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1986. [PMID: 32983137 PMCID: PMC7485114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage–derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this review is to summarize the main applications of mesothelin-targeting agents in the diagnosis of different types of cancers with a brief mention of nuclear magnetic resonance.
Methods
The articles taken into account were selected from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, including research articles and abstracts that deal with radioimmunotherapy and new tracers for nuclear medicine and radiodiagnosis. Articles that are not in English have been excluded.
Results
Mesothelin-targeting agents were the subject of the selected articles in which tracers as 64Cu-DOTA-11-25mAb anti MSLN, 111In-MORAb-009-CHX-A″, 89Zr-MMOT0530A, 111In-amatuximab, 99mTc-A1, 89Zr-AMA, 89Zr-amatuximab, 64Cu-amatuximab, 89Zr-labeled MMOT0530A and 89Zr-B3 found application in detection of malignancies that overexpressed mesothelin. Only one article approached magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles linked to anti-mesothelin antibodies. The tracers proved to be highly sensitive in detecting mesothelin positive cells. 89Zr-labeled MMOT0530A could also be used to predict the suitability of patients to radioimmunotherapy.
Conclusions
Radiolabeled anti-mesothelin antibodies could be crucial as a treatment tool and for predicting the eligibility and the response of the patient to radioimmunotherapy through the study of the expression grade of mesothelin. They can be a relevant tool for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung cancer, human epidermoid carcinoma, ovarian cancer, malignant mesothelioma in which mesothelin is widely expressed.
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19
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Hagemann UB, Wickstroem K, Hammer S, Bjerke RM, Zitzmann-Kolbe S, Ryan OB, Karlsson J, Scholz A, Hennekes H, Mumberg D, Cuthbertson AS. Advances in Precision Oncology: Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugates As a New Modality in Targeted Alpha Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:497-510. [PMID: 32255671 PMCID: PMC7475103 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted α therapy (TAT) offers the potential for the targeted delivery of potent α-particle-emitting radionuclides that emit high linear energy transfer radiation. This leads to a densely ionizing radiation track over a short path. Localized radiation induces cytotoxic, difficult-to-repair, clustered DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To date, radium-223 (223Ra) is the only TAT approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thorium-227 (227Th), the progenitor nuclide of 223Ra, offers promise as a wider-ranging alternative due to the availability of efficient chelators, such as octadentate 3,2-hydroxypyridinone (3,2-HOPO). The 3,2-HOPO chelator can be readily conjugated to a range of targeting moieties, enabling the generation of new targeted thorium-227 conjugates (TTCs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in the preclinical development of TTCs for hematological cancers, including CD22-positive B cell cancers and CD33-positive leukemia, as well as for solid tumors overexpressing renal cell cancer antigen CD70, membrane-anchored glycoprotein mesothelin in mesothelioma, prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2. As the mechanism of action for TTCs is linked to the formation of DSBs, the authors also report data supporting combinations of TTCs with inhibitors of the DNA damage response pathways, including those of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, and poly-ADP ribose polymerase. Finally, emerging evidence suggests that TTCs induce immunogenic cell death through the release of danger-associated molecular patterns. Based on encouraging preclinical data, clinical studies have been initiated to investigate the safety and tolerability of TTCs in patients with various cancers.
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20
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Fan JQ, Wang MF, Chen HL, Shang D, Das JK, Song J. Current advances and outlooks in immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:32. [PMID: 32061257 PMCID: PMC7023714 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incurable cancer resistant to traditional treatments, although a limited number of early-stage patients can undergo radical resection. Immunotherapies for the treatment of haematological malignancies as well as solid tumours have been substantially improved over the past decades, and impressive results have been obtained in recent preclinical and clinical trials. However, PDAC is likely the exception because of its unique tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the PDAC TME and focus on the network of various tumour-infiltrating immune cells, outlining the current advances in PDAC immunotherapy and addressing the effect of the PDAC TME on immunotherapy. This review further explores the combinations of different therapies used to enhance antitumour efficacy or reverse immunodeficiencies and describes optimizable immunotherapeutic strategies for PDAC. The concordant combination of various treatments, such as targeting cancer cells and the stroma, reversing suppressive immune reactions and enhancing antitumour reactivity, may be the most promising approach for the treatment of PDAC. Traditional treatments, especially chemotherapy, may also be optimized for individual patients to remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment for enhanced therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-qiao Fan
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hai-Long Chen
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jugal K. Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX USA
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21
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Tseng SH, Park ST, Lam B, Tsai YC, Cheng MA, Farmer E, Xing D, Hung CF. Novel, genetically induced mouse model that recapitulates the histological morphology and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000480. [PMID: 32111730 PMCID: PMC7057437 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a hallmark of advanced peritoneal tumor progression, particularly for tubal/ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs). Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis have poor survival rates and are difficult to treat clinically due to widespread tumor dissemination in the peritoneal cavity. METHODS We developed a clinically relevant, genetically induced, peritoneal carcinomatosis model that recapitulates the histological morphology and immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment of metastatic peritoneal HGSCs by intraperitoneally injecting shp53, AKT, c-Myc, luciferase and sleeping beauty transposase, followed by electroporation (EP) in the peritoneal cavity of immunocompetent mice (intraperitoneal (IP)/EP mice). RESULTS Similar to the spread of human ovarian cancers, IP/EP mice displayed multiple tumor nodules attached to the surface of the abdomen. Histopathological analysis indicated that these tumors were epithelial in origin. These IP/EP mice also displayed a loss of CD3+ T cell infiltration in tumors, highly expressed inhibitory checkpoint molecules in tumor-infiltrating and global CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and increased levels of transforming growth factor-β in the ascites, all of which contribute to the promotion of tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our tumor model recapitulates clinical peritoneal HGSC metastasis, which makes it ideal for preclinical drug screening, testing of immunotherapy-based therapeutics and studying of the tumor biology of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sung-Taek Park
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Max A Cheng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Farmer
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Alfaleh MA, Alsaab HO, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Hashem AM. Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32983137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage-derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD19 has achieved remarkable success in the treatment of B cell malignancies, while various solid malignancies are still refractory for lack of suitable target. In recent years, a large number of studies have sought to find suitable targets with low “on target, off tumor” concern for the treatment of solid tumors. Mesothelin (MSLN), a tumor-associated antigen broadly overexpressed on various malignant tumor cells, while its expression is generally limited to normal mesothelial cells, is an attractive candidate for targeted therapy. Strategies targeting MSLN, including antibody-based drugs, vaccines and CAR-T therapies, have been assessed in a large number of preclinical investigations and clinical trials. In particular, the development of CAR-T therapy has shown great promise as a treatment for various types of cancers. The safety, efficacy, doses, and pharmacokinetics of relevant strategies have been evaluated in many clinical trials. This review is intended to provide a brief overview of the characteristics of mesothelin and the development of strategies targeting MSLN for solid tumors. Further, we discussed the challenges and proposed potential strategies to improve the efficacy of MSLN targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lv
- 1Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Del Bano J, Florès-Florès R, Josselin E, Goubard A, Ganier L, Castellano R, Chames P, Baty D, Kerfelec B. A Bispecific Antibody-Based Approach for Targeting Mesothelin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1593. [PMID: 31354732 PMCID: PMC6636429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) remain a major medical challenge due to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Mesothelin is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-linked membrane protein with restricted normal expression and high level expression in a large proportion of TNBC, thus qualifying as an attractive target. Its overexpression in breast tumors has been recently correlated with a decreased disease-free survival and an increase of distant metastases. The objective of the study was to investigate the relevance of a bispecific antibody-based immunotherapy approach through mesothelin targeting and CD16 engagement using a Fab-like bispecific format (MesobsFab). Using two TNBC cell lines with different level of surface mesothelin and epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes, we showed that, in vitro, MesobsFab promotes the recruitment and penetration of NK cells into tumor spheroids, induces potent dose-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of mesothelin-positive tumor cells, cytokine secretion, and decreases cell invasiveness. MesobsFab was able to induce cytotoxicity in resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), mainly through its NK cells-mediated antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. In vivo, the anti-tumor effect of MesobsFab depends upon a threshold of MSLN density on target cells. Collectively our data support mesothelin as a relevant therapeutic target for the subset of TNBC that overexpresses mesothelin characterized by a low overall and disease-free survival as well as the potential of MesobsFab as antibody-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanie Del Bano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Florès-Florès
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR7288, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Josselin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Goubard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ganier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Baty
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Kerfelec
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmette, CRCM, Marseille, France
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25
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Ye L, Ma S, Robinson BW, Creaney J. Immunotherapy strategies for mesothelioma - the role of tumor specific neoantigens in a new era of precision medicine. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 13:181-192. [PMID: 30596292 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1563488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy has long been considered a potential therapy for malignant mesothelioma and is currently being pursued as such. Some of the early phase clinical trials involving immunomodulators have demonstrated encouraging results and numerous clinical trials are underway to further investigate this treatment approach in various treatment settings and larger patient cohorts. Areas covered: This review summarizes the current and emerging clinical evidence for checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapeutic strategies in mesothelioma. The mesothelioma tumor immune microenvironment and mutational landscape are also discussed, including their impact on treatment strategies. We also provide an evaluation of the current evidence for neoantigen targeted personalized immunotherapy. Expert opinion: Immune checkpoint inhibitors work by unleashing the host immune response against probable neoantigens. Despite impressive activity in a small subset of patients and the potential for prolonged responses, most patients experience treatment failure. Neoantigen vaccines provide a potential complementary therapeutic strategy by increasing the immunogenic antigen load, which can lead to an increased tumor specific immune response. Further research is needed explore this treatment option in mesothelioma and technological advances are required to translate this concept into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ye
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Shaokang Ma
- b National Centre for Asbestos Related Disease , University of Western Australia , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Bruce W Robinson
- b National Centre for Asbestos Related Disease , University of Western Australia , Nedlands , Australia.,c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Jenette Creaney
- b National Centre for Asbestos Related Disease , University of Western Australia , Nedlands , Australia.,c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands , Australia.,d Institute of Respiratory Health , University of Western Australia , Nedlands , Australia
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26
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Tartarone A, Lerose R, Aieta M. Is there a role for immunotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma? Med Oncol 2018; 35:98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Wang Y, Luo H, Che G, Li Y, Gao J, Yang Q, Zhou B, Gao L, Wang T, Liang Y, Zhang L. Placental protein 14 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:113-122. [PMID: 29749501 PMCID: PMC6059659 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a common pregnancy complication that frequently results in maternal and perinatal morbidity. The present methods for diagnosing PROM do not satisfy clinical requirements. The present study aimed to examine the proteome profile of amniotic fluid (AF) and maternal plasma, screen unique proteins in AF, and evaluate their diagnostic value for diagnosing PROM. The proteome profiles of AF and maternal plasma were examined via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques. The protein expression levels of diagnostic candidates in AF, maternal plasma and vaginal fluid were determined by ELISA analysis and Magnetic Luminex® screening assays. The diagnostic value of potential biomarkers was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. A lateral flow assay was developed based on colloidal gold immunochromatography technology. The present study identified 540 unique proteins in AF, 12 of which were chosen for further detection. The present results demonstrated that expression levels of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B, BPI fold-containing family A member 1, zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B, EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 4, keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19, placental protein 14 (PP14), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, mesothelin and serpin family B member 3 were significantly higher in AF compared with in maternal plasma (P<0.01). Furthermore, PP14 was observed to have excellent diagnostic accuracy for preterm PROM (PPROM), with a respective sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 87.5% when the cutoff value was 0.008 µg/ml. The PP14-based lateral flow assay demonstrated a visual detection threshold of 0.008 µg/ml. The results from the present study suggested that PP14 may be a novel potential biomarker for PPROM, and may be developed into a lateral flow assay for bedside application to rapidly diagnose PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Luo
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guanglu Che
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Perinatal Healthcare, Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Perinatal Healthcare, Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, P.R. China
| | - Qiongli Yang
- Department of Perinatal Healthcare, Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Perinatal Healthcare, Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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