1
|
Tian W, Tan N, Ke J, Zou J, Liu X, Pan Y, Zeng Y, Peng Y, Wu F. Adjuvant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with resected EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2695-2707. [PMID: 35695676 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for resected EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. Materials & methods: Eligible phase II/III randomized controlled trials were included for the network meta-analyses (PROSPERO CRD42021275150). Results: Nine records and 831 patients were involved. Adjuvant chemotherapy followed with osimertinib significantly prolonged disease-free survival compared with chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.14-0.29), chemotherapy followed with erlotinib (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18-0.6), chemotherapy followed with gefitinib (HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16-0.82), gefitinib (HR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.17-0.41) and icotinib (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.3-0.98). Icotinib was the least likely to cause grade ≥3 adverse events. Conclusion: Chemotherapy followed with osimertinib brings about the best disease-free survival. Icotinib monotherapy shows the best safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Nuopei Tan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Jiawen Ke
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Ji'an Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yurong Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application & Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models & Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis & Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Wang X, Chai B, Wu Z, Gu Z, Zou H, Zhang H, Li Y, Sun Q, Fang W, Ma Z. miR-199a-3p/5p regulate tumorgenesis via targeting Rheb in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4187-4202. [PMID: 35844793 PMCID: PMC9274486 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, in which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% and has a low survival rate of 5 years. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in tumor regulation and many major diseases. In this study, we found that miR-199a-3p/5p were down-expressed in NSCLC tissue samples, cell lines, and the patient sample database. MiR-199a-3p/5p overexpression could significantly suppress cell proliferation, migration ability and promote apoptosis. Through software prediction, ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) was identified as a common target of miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-5p, which participated in regulating mTOR signaling pathway. The same effect of inhibiting NSCLC appeared after down-regulating the expression of Rheb. Furthermore, our findings revealed that miR-199a can significantly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, which fully demonstrates that miR-199a plays a tumor suppressive role in NSCLC. In addition, miR-199a-3p/5p has been shown to enhance the sensitivity of gefitinib to EGFR-T790M in NSCLC. Collectively, these results prove that miR-199a-3p/5p can act as cancer suppressor genes to inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway by targeting Rheb, which in turn inhibits the regulatory process of NSCLC. Thus, to investigate the anti-cancer effect of pre-miR-199a/Rheb/mTOR axis in NSCLC, miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-5p have the potential to become an early diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xianyi Wang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Binshu Chai
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zong Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhitao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Jiaotong University Medical School,Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiangling Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Jiaotong University Medical School,Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wentao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Jiaotong University Medical School,Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cansouline X, Lipan B, Sizaret D, Tallet A, Vandier C, Carmier D, Legras A. EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer at Surgical Stages: What Is the Place for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092257. [PMID: 35565386 PMCID: PMC9099844 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. In lung cancer, they are used to treat advanced EGFR-mutant diseases, and more recently, one has been approved for adjuvant therapy. Even though publications on the topic are numerous, conclusions are difficult to interpret and are sometimes contradictory. We therefore reviewed the literature in order to present an overview of up-to-date data regarding the adjuvant and neoadjuvant use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with particular attention given to their benefits, proven or expected, as well as what challenges could be faced when entering them as protocols in standard care. Abstract The ADAURA trial has been significant for the perception of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a tool for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It produced such great insight that the main TKI, Osimertinib, was rapidly integrated into international guidelines for adjuvant use. However, EGFR-mutant NSCLC is a complex entity and has various targeting drugs, and the benefits for patients might not be as clear as they seem. We reviewed trials and meta-analyses considering TKI adjuvant and neoadjuvant use. We also explored the influence of mutation variability and financial evaluations. We found that TKIs often show disease-free survival (DFS) benefits, yet studies have struggled to improve the overall survival (OS); however, the results from the literature might be confusing because of variability in the stages and mutations. The safety profiles and adverse events are acceptable, but costs remain high and accessibility might not be optimal. TKIs are promising drugs that could allow for tailored treatment designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cansouline
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37170 Chambray-Lès-Tours, France; (X.C.); (B.L.)
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, INSERM UMR 1069, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Béatrice Lipan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37170 Chambray-Lès-Tours, France; (X.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Damien Sizaret
- Department of Pathology, Tours University Hospital, 37170 Chambray-Lès-Tours, France;
| | - Anne Tallet
- Platform of Solid Tumor Molecular Genetics, Tours University, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, INSERM UMR 1069, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Delphine Carmier
- Department of Pneumology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Antoine Legras
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37170 Chambray-Lès-Tours, France; (X.C.); (B.L.)
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, INSERM UMR 1069, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2474-746-36
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sotelo MJ, Luis García J, Torres-Mattos C, Milián H, Carracedo C, González-Ruiz MÁ, Mielgo-Rubio X, Trujillo-Reyes JC, Couñago F. Recent advances and new insights in the management of early-stage epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:912-925. [PMID: 34733613 PMCID: PMC8546659 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i10.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are candidates for curative surgery; however, despite multiple advances in lung cancer management, recurrence rates remain high. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been demonstrated to significantly prolong overall survival (OS), but this benefit is modest and there is an urgent need for effective new therapies to provide a cure for more patients. The high efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated (EGFR) in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC has led to the evaluation of these agents in early stages of the disease. Multiple clinical trials have evaluated the safety and efficacy of EGFR TKIs as an adjuvant treatment, in patients with resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC, and shown that they significantly prolong disease-free survival (DFS), but this benefit does not translate to OS. Recently, an interim analysis of the ADAURA trial demonstrated that, surprisingly, osimertinib improved DFS. This led to the study being stopped early, leaving many unanswered questions about its potential effect on OS and its incorporation as a standard adjuvant treatment in this patient subgroup. These targeted agents are also being evaluated in locally-advanced disease, with promising results, although prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results. In this article, we review the most relevant studies on the role of EGFR TKIs in the management of early-stage EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel J Sotelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital María Auxiliadora; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Oncológico Aliada; Oncological Research Unit, Clínica San Gabriel, Lima 15801, Peru
| | - José Luis García
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Princesa; Department of Thoracic Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital HM, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Cesar Torres-Mattos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara; Oncological Research Unit, Clínica San Gabriel, Lima 15033, Peru
| | - Héctor Milián
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carlos Carracedo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Oncológico Aliada, Lima 15036, Peru
| | | | - Xabier Mielgo-Rubio
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid; Hospital La Luz; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng Z, Yan B, Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhu J, Yang F, Wei F, Tam TCC, Kauffmann-Guerrero D, Soo RA, Ren X, You J. Survival benefit and toxicity profile of adjuvant icotinib for patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma: a retrospective study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 9:2401-2410. [PMID: 33489802 PMCID: PMC7815377 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are increasing considered for the tailored management of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to analyze the survival and toxicity profile of patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC treated with adjuvant icotinib. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study of patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC who underwent R0 (microscopically margin-negative) resection and received adjuvant icotinib between November 2011 and December 2017. The outcomes included 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, 3-year overall survival (OS) rates, DFS, OS, and adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 86 patients receiving adjuvant icotinib were included. Their mean age was 59.7±10.0 years, and 26 (30.2%) patients were male. The 2-year DFS rate was 86.7%, and the 3-year OS rate was 95.3% with adjuvant icotinib. DFS (P=0.044) and OS (P=0.003) are better in stage I/II disease than in stage III disease. There seems no differences in DFS and OS between patients with low or high preoperative CEA levels (cutoff of 5 ng/mL), patients with exon 19 or 21 EGFR mutation or patients with or without smoking history. The most common AEs with adjuvant icotinib were rash (83.7%) and diarrhea (19.8%). One (1.2%) patient-reported grade ≥3 AEs. No treatment-related death occurred. Conclusions For patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, adjuvant icotinib might be associated with a promising survival benefit, with an acceptable toxicity profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Immunology, and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Immunology, and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Immunology, and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Terence Chi Chun Tam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V and Thoracic Oncology Centre Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ross Andrew Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Immunology, and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian You
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gridelli C, Casaluce F. The adjuvant regimen for resected EGFR mutated patients: the "same-for-all-therapy" or not? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1195. [PMID: 33241044 PMCID: PMC7576039 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, AV, Italy
| | - Francesca Casaluce
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, AV, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng M, Wen Q, Wu X, Yu F, Liu W. Osimertinib for compound EGFR exon 19 deletion/T790M mutated lung squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2704-2708. [PMID: 32667739 PMCID: PMC7471018 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status testing in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) remains controversial. Evidence of the effectiveness of osimertinib in SqCC with EGFR T790M mutation is limited. Here, we describe a hitherto unreported case of a stage III SqCC patient with compound mutation of EGFR exon 19 deletion (19Del) and T790M mutation. Pathological complete tumor response was achieved after treatment with osimertinib. We suggest that EGFR mutation testing should be performed in Asian patients who have not been definitively diagnosed with SqCC due to small lung biopsy samples. Osimertinib has shown good efficacy in SqCC harboring a “primary” resistance mechanism (EGFR T790M). Key points An unreported case of stage III squamous cell carcinoma with synchronous occurrence of EGFR exon 19 deletion (19Del) and T790M mutation. Complete tumor response was achieved after treatment with osimertinib. EGFR mutation testing should be performed in Asian patients who are not definitively diagnosed with SqCC due to small lung biopsy samples. Osimertinib has shown good efficacy in SqCC harboring a “primary” resistance mechanism (EGFR T790M).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MuYun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Early-Stage Lung Cancer Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - QiuYuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - FengLei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Early-Stage Lung Cancer Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - WenLiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Early-Stage Lung Cancer Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jassem J. Adjuvant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: still an investigational approach. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:S387-S390. [PMID: 32038921 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin SH. The Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Modern Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 104:712-713. [PMID: 31204657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Lin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|